海岸带淤泥质潮滩和Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙遥感信息提取与定量反演研究
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摘要
海岸带地处海陆之交，它凭借其自身丰富的自然资源和优越的地理位置成为国际竞争和开发的重要区域，淤泥质潮滩和Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙是其重要的研究对象。
淤泥质潮滩作为海陆相互作用的敏感地带，滩面泥泞、潮沟密布、变化频繁，常规的地形测量难度极大。由于淤泥质潮滩具有一些能被可见光和近红外传感器探测到的特征，所以遥感技术为其地形信息的提取和定量反演提供了广阔的前景。
本文在分析淤泥质潮滩的动力沉积、动力地貌特点和光谱信息特征的基础上，以长江口淤泥质潮滩为研究对象，进行了植被、潮沟、潮滩和水体的边界线等信息的提取。而且，笔者在国际上首次系统利用多时相卫星遥感图像水边线高程反演技术，以伶仃洋大铲湾淤泥质潮滩、温州地区温州湾和乐清湾不同部位淤泥质潮滩、长江口地区不同部位淤泥质潮滩为研究对象，确定了其潮滩岸线的变化，从而对其不同部位潮滩坡度及淤积和侵蚀速度进行了计算，得到的数据弥补了研究区潮滩常规地形测量资料的不足。研究结果表明该方法对我国淤泥质潮滩冲淤变化遥感定量反演具有重要的应用价值。
我国主要沿岸及近海水域的绝大部分水体都属于Ⅱ类水体，悬浮泥沙是其最重要的水色参数之一，沿岸及近海水域水体含沙量时空分布是分析河口海岸冲淤变化、估算河流入海物质通量、研究海洋沉积速率的重要参数，河流入海泥沙量的剧烈变化往往影响并引起海岸线及滩涂的明显变化。
本文在分析悬浮泥沙光谱信息特征的基础上，以长江口和伶仃洋悬浮泥沙为研究对象，进行了沿海水流流态、最大浑浊带、悬沙锋等信息的提取。为加深对悬浮泥沙的规律性认识和进行定量研究，笔者以长江口横沙岛新民港潮滩表层沉积物和浙江象山港湾顶潮滩表层沉积物为悬沙样本，使用ASD双通道地物波谱仪、后向散射测量仪HS6、LS-100Q激光粒度仪等仪器进行了含沙水体固有光学量和表观光学量同步观测水槽试验。对得到的不同浓度含沙水体的反射光谱特征曲线进行了处理，并且对其光谱特性进行了分析。在参考国内外比较公认的Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙反演模式的基础上，选用了泥沙遥感参数，并利用泥沙遥感参数建立了悬浮泥沙遥感定量分析统计相关模式。笔者以长江口为研究区将该模式成功地应用在神舟三号CMODIS
中文摘要
影像的悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演和Landsat 7 ETM影像的悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演中。
它表明该统计相关模式对我国n类水体的悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演具有重要的应用价
值。
Coast zone, located in the connection belt of sea and land, has been becoming an important area for the international competition and exploitation owing to itself abundant natural resources and predominant geographic location. Silt tidal flat and suspended sediment of case II waters are two important research issues.
As a sensitive belt of sea and land interaction, silt tidal flat is characterized as muddy surfaces, densely covered and frequently varied inlets. Therefore, the routine topography survey method has been greatly restrained. In contrast, remote sensing technology provides many prospects for such study, giving an expansive foreground of topography information extraction and quantitative inversion of silt tidal flat, because a number of features of silt tidal flat can be detected by the visible light and near infrared sensors.
By means of study of the dynamic sediment and geomorphology characteristics, as well as its information spectra characteristics concerning the silt tidal flat, this dissertation extracted a lot of information in relation to the vegetable, inlet, boundary of tidal flat and water, taking silt tidal flat of Changjiang estuary as researching target. In addition, the Dachan bay of Lingding estuary, some locations at Wenzhou bay and Yueqing bay near Wenzhou together with some locations at Changjiang estuary were taken as further research areas. Their shoreline variations were determined. The gradient and velocity of deposition or erosion were calculated by applying waterside line elevation inversion technology based on multi temporal satellite remote sensing images. These resultant data filled in the data shortage by routine topography survey. It has been found that analysis method used in this dissertation can be applied in the remote sensing quantitative inversion of deposition and erosion in silt tidal flat stu
dy.
The majority waters along the coast zone and the near sea in China are case II waters. The suspended sediment in these areas is one of the vital water quality parameters. The time and space distribution of suspended sediment is an important parameter in analyzing the variation of deposition and erosion in coast zone, estimating the matter flux from river into sea, and studying the sediment velocity and ocean environment. The obvious movements of coastal line and tidal flat often depends on the intensive variations of sand
content coming from river.
On the basis analyzing the spectra information characteristics of suspended sediment, this dissertation extracted the information concerning current water states along the sea, maximum turbidity, and the front of suspended sediment, taking suspended sediment of Changjiang estuary and Lingding estuary as researching areas. In order to develop the regularity cognition and quantitative study of suspended sediment, a test aimed to simultaneously measure the inherent optical properties and the apparent optical properties has been carried out by utilizing such facilities as the ASD dual channel spectrometer, hydroscat-6 spectral backscattering sensor, and LS-100Q laser scattering particle size analyzer. The specimens came from the surface sediment of tidal flat in Xinmin harbor, Hengsha Island, Changjiang estuary and the sediment of tidal flat top in Xiangshan harbor, Zhejiang province. This dissertation has disposed the reflected spectrum curves corresponding to different suspended sediment waters. Their spectrum
characteristics were analyzed. Referred to those accredited suspended sediment inversion models of case II waters domestically and internationally, the author of this dissertation selected remote sensing parameters and established the quantitative analysis statistical mode of suspended sediment. This mode has been successfully used in the suspended sediment inversion of CMODIS images of the space shuttle Shenzhou III and ETM images of Landsat 7. This mode contributed to the remote sensing inversion of quantitative analysis of suspended sediment of case II waters in China.
淤泥质潮滩作为海陆相互作用的敏感地带，滩面泥泞、潮沟密布、变化频繁，常规的地形测量难度极大。由于淤泥质潮滩具有一些能被可见光和近红外传感器探测到的特征，所以遥感技术为其地形信息的提取和定量反演提供了广阔的前景。
本文在分析淤泥质潮滩的动力沉积、动力地貌特点和光谱信息特征的基础上，以长江口淤泥质潮滩为研究对象，进行了植被、潮沟、潮滩和水体的边界线等信息的提取。而且，笔者在国际上首次系统利用多时相卫星遥感图像水边线高程反演技术，以伶仃洋大铲湾淤泥质潮滩、温州地区温州湾和乐清湾不同部位淤泥质潮滩、长江口地区不同部位淤泥质潮滩为研究对象，确定了其潮滩岸线的变化，从而对其不同部位潮滩坡度及淤积和侵蚀速度进行了计算，得到的数据弥补了研究区潮滩常规地形测量资料的不足。研究结果表明该方法对我国淤泥质潮滩冲淤变化遥感定量反演具有重要的应用价值。
我国主要沿岸及近海水域的绝大部分水体都属于Ⅱ类水体，悬浮泥沙是其最重要的水色参数之一，沿岸及近海水域水体含沙量时空分布是分析河口海岸冲淤变化、估算河流入海物质通量、研究海洋沉积速率的重要参数，河流入海泥沙量的剧烈变化往往影响并引起海岸线及滩涂的明显变化。
本文在分析悬浮泥沙光谱信息特征的基础上，以长江口和伶仃洋悬浮泥沙为研究对象，进行了沿海水流流态、最大浑浊带、悬沙锋等信息的提取。为加深对悬浮泥沙的规律性认识和进行定量研究，笔者以长江口横沙岛新民港潮滩表层沉积物和浙江象山港湾顶潮滩表层沉积物为悬沙样本，使用ASD双通道地物波谱仪、后向散射测量仪HS6、LS-100Q激光粒度仪等仪器进行了含沙水体固有光学量和表观光学量同步观测水槽试验。对得到的不同浓度含沙水体的反射光谱特征曲线进行了处理，并且对其光谱特性进行了分析。在参考国内外比较公认的Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙反演模式的基础上，选用了泥沙遥感参数，并利用泥沙遥感参数建立了悬浮泥沙遥感定量分析统计相关模式。笔者以长江口为研究区将该模式成功地应用在神舟三号CMODIS
中文摘要
影像的悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演和Landsat 7 ETM影像的悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演中。
它表明该统计相关模式对我国n类水体的悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演具有重要的应用价
值。
Coast zone, located in the connection belt of sea and land, has been becoming an important area for the international competition and exploitation owing to itself abundant natural resources and predominant geographic location. Silt tidal flat and suspended sediment of case II waters are two important research issues.
As a sensitive belt of sea and land interaction, silt tidal flat is characterized as muddy surfaces, densely covered and frequently varied inlets. Therefore, the routine topography survey method has been greatly restrained. In contrast, remote sensing technology provides many prospects for such study, giving an expansive foreground of topography information extraction and quantitative inversion of silt tidal flat, because a number of features of silt tidal flat can be detected by the visible light and near infrared sensors.
By means of study of the dynamic sediment and geomorphology characteristics, as well as its information spectra characteristics concerning the silt tidal flat, this dissertation extracted a lot of information in relation to the vegetable, inlet, boundary of tidal flat and water, taking silt tidal flat of Changjiang estuary as researching target. In addition, the Dachan bay of Lingding estuary, some locations at Wenzhou bay and Yueqing bay near Wenzhou together with some locations at Changjiang estuary were taken as further research areas. Their shoreline variations were determined. The gradient and velocity of deposition or erosion were calculated by applying waterside line elevation inversion technology based on multi temporal satellite remote sensing images. These resultant data filled in the data shortage by routine topography survey. It has been found that analysis method used in this dissertation can be applied in the remote sensing quantitative inversion of deposition and erosion in silt tidal flat stu
dy.
The majority waters along the coast zone and the near sea in China are case II waters. The suspended sediment in these areas is one of the vital water quality parameters. The time and space distribution of suspended sediment is an important parameter in analyzing the variation of deposition and erosion in coast zone, estimating the matter flux from river into sea, and studying the sediment velocity and ocean environment. The obvious movements of coastal line and tidal flat often depends on the intensive variations of sand
content coming from river.
On the basis analyzing the spectra information characteristics of suspended sediment, this dissertation extracted the information concerning current water states along the sea, maximum turbidity, and the front of suspended sediment, taking suspended sediment of Changjiang estuary and Lingding estuary as researching areas. In order to develop the regularity cognition and quantitative study of suspended sediment, a test aimed to simultaneously measure the inherent optical properties and the apparent optical properties has been carried out by utilizing such facilities as the ASD dual channel spectrometer, hydroscat-6 spectral backscattering sensor, and LS-100Q laser scattering particle size analyzer. The specimens came from the surface sediment of tidal flat in Xinmin harbor, Hengsha Island, Changjiang estuary and the sediment of tidal flat top in Xiangshan harbor, Zhejiang province. This dissertation has disposed the reflected spectrum curves corresponding to different suspended sediment waters. Their spectrum
characteristics were analyzed. Referred to those accredited suspended sediment inversion models of case II waters domestically and internationally, the author of this dissertation selected remote sensing parameters and established the quantitative analysis statistical mode of suspended sediment. This mode has been successfully used in the suspended sediment inversion of CMODIS images of the space shuttle Shenzhou III and ETM images of Landsat 7. This mode contributed to the remote sensing inversion of quantitative analysis of suspended sediment of case II waters in China.
引文
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