极软煤泥水性质及溶液化学环境对絮凝影响试验研究
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摘要
极软煤泥水的絮凝沉降是煤泥水处理研究中的一个难题。本文通过研究某选煤厂极软煤泥水体系的性质、煤泥水溶液化学环境、凝聚剂与絮凝剂对煤泥水絮凝沉降的影响规律,较为全面的分析了造成极软煤泥水难沉的原因。
利用XRD、IR、XPS、微电泳仪、分光光度计、离子色谱仪、激光粒度分析仪、接触角测量仪、浊度仪、酸度计等多种表征手段,对某矿选煤厂煤泥水的浓度、煤泥密度、粒度组成、ζ电位、pH值、硬度、煤泥表面元素组成、煤表面官能团以及煤泥的润湿性等进行了研究。结果表明,造成浓缩池溢流浓度高的内在原因有煤泥水浓度高、高灰细粒含量高、体系pH值大、水质软、煤泥ζ电位高,颗粒间排斥力大,所以药剂未能充分发挥作用,使得煤泥难沉降,循环水浊度高,絮凝效果差。
从溶液化学的角度,研究了水质硬度、pH值、ζ电位、凝聚剂等对颗粒凝聚的影响及煤泥絮凝沉降的规律。实验表明,pH值越高,ζ电位越高,颗粒间排斥力就越大,使得颗粒之间不易发生凝聚而导致上清液浊度高,絮凝沉降效果差。对于本实验所用煤泥水, pH值在3.0-7.0的范围内均较易沉降,pH为4.3时达到等电点,而现场煤泥水的pH值为8.0,表面ζ电位较高,不利于凝聚;在极软煤泥水中加入一定量的Ca2+、Mg2+,可以降低ζ电位,改善絮凝沉降效果。因而当煤泥水保持水质硬度在一定的范围内,颗粒表面ζ电位较低,可节约药剂用量,达到满意的絮凝效果;通过凝聚剂用量对絮凝效果的影响表明,凝聚剂不可盲目加大用量,否则,不仅浪费药剂,还会降低沉降速度、影响循环水质量,降低生产效率。
通过试验研究了凝聚剂、絮凝剂在煤泥水中的最佳混合搅拌条件。凝聚剂的搅拌强度较絮凝剂要高,絮凝剂不可有过高的搅拌速度和长的搅拌时间,避免破坏其长分子链性能及已形成的絮团。凝聚剂属无机络合物,过低搅拌不能发挥凝聚作用;通过单独使用絮凝剂与凝聚剂、絮凝剂联合使用对比,发现联合使用不仅絮凝效果好,而且药剂费用也不高;研究了不同煤泥水浓度下,不同药剂组合的絮凝效果对比,以及煤泥水浓度与沉降速度、药剂用量的关系,得出随着煤泥水浓度增大,耗药量增大,沉降速度降低。
另外,还研究了新型纳尔科有机凝聚剂对煤泥表面ζ电位、絮凝沉降的影响以及吸附于煤泥表面的表面分析,对比分析表明,纳尔科凝聚剂能有效降低煤泥表面ζ电位,絮凝效果不仅比常规凝聚剂好,且更具经济性。
Ultra -soft slurry flocculation is a difficult target in coal slurry processes. It is studied in this paper that ultra-soft coal slurry system property、solution chemical circumstance、effect law of coagulant and flocculent on settling process ,so the reasons for difficult settling can be analyzed comprehensively.
It was measured that coal slurry concentration、granular fraction distribution、ζ-potential、pH value、water hardness、sludge surface element composition、function group and wetting quality with such characteristic methods as XRD, IR, XPS, pH meter, Electrophoresis analyzer, Spectrophotometer, Contact angle analyzer, Laser particle size analyzer, Ion Chromatography, Nephelometer, and so on. It was indicated that the internal factors resulting in high concentration thickener overflow is high concentration slurry、high content of fine particulate containing high ash、high pH value、soft water、highζ-potential. So the agent can not exert itself, the slurry was not able to settling completely, circulating water had high turbidity, and affected the normal running in plant.
It was studied from point of solution chemistry that the law of water hardness、pH value、ζ-potential、coagulant dosage’s effect on particulate coagulation、flocculation and settling. It was proved that when pH value is high,ζ-potential is great, so the repulse between different particles is too great to coagulate, the turbidity of supernatant fluid is high and flocculation is not satisfied. For target slurry in this paper, when pH∈(3.0-7.0), the slurry can reach promising settling result, and when pH=4.3, it can get zero-potential point. However pH of the plant slurry is 8.0, which is not profit to coagulation. Adding Ca2+、Mg2+ in soft slurry can reduceζ-potential and improve flocculation. So when slurry hardness hold in some scope,ζ-potential of particles can remain a low level comparatively, and obtain nice flocculation with fewer agent. It also highlighted that overdosing of coagulant is not only uneconomical, but meanwhile downgrades settling velocity、influencing circulating water quality and productivity.
The best mixed agitating conditions in coal flurry for coagulant and flocculant respectively was found in flocculation test. Agitating intensity of coagulant is fiercer than flocculant’s; Flocculant can not sustain high agitating to avoid breaking long-chain molecule and the flocs have been obtained. Coagulant, as an inorganic complex, can not work well when agitating rate is too low; Comparing settling result of Flocculant used single with associated with coagulant, association method can attain more satisfied settling result without extra expenses. Research on comparing flocculation of different agents associations in different coal slurry concentrations and the relationship of settling velocity、agents dosage and slurry concentration demonstrated that agent dosage become more and settling velocity lower with concentration higher.
Otherwise, study on effect of Nalco organic coagulant on coal particulateζ-potential、settling character and coal sludge surface function group analysis showed that Nalco coagulant can reduceζ-potential effectively , reach a well flocculation and is an economic agent compared with normal agent.
利用XRD、IR、XPS、微电泳仪、分光光度计、离子色谱仪、激光粒度分析仪、接触角测量仪、浊度仪、酸度计等多种表征手段,对某矿选煤厂煤泥水的浓度、煤泥密度、粒度组成、ζ电位、pH值、硬度、煤泥表面元素组成、煤表面官能团以及煤泥的润湿性等进行了研究。结果表明,造成浓缩池溢流浓度高的内在原因有煤泥水浓度高、高灰细粒含量高、体系pH值大、水质软、煤泥ζ电位高,颗粒间排斥力大,所以药剂未能充分发挥作用,使得煤泥难沉降,循环水浊度高,絮凝效果差。
从溶液化学的角度,研究了水质硬度、pH值、ζ电位、凝聚剂等对颗粒凝聚的影响及煤泥絮凝沉降的规律。实验表明,pH值越高,ζ电位越高,颗粒间排斥力就越大,使得颗粒之间不易发生凝聚而导致上清液浊度高,絮凝沉降效果差。对于本实验所用煤泥水, pH值在3.0-7.0的范围内均较易沉降,pH为4.3时达到等电点,而现场煤泥水的pH值为8.0,表面ζ电位较高,不利于凝聚;在极软煤泥水中加入一定量的Ca2+、Mg2+,可以降低ζ电位,改善絮凝沉降效果。因而当煤泥水保持水质硬度在一定的范围内,颗粒表面ζ电位较低,可节约药剂用量,达到满意的絮凝效果;通过凝聚剂用量对絮凝效果的影响表明,凝聚剂不可盲目加大用量,否则,不仅浪费药剂,还会降低沉降速度、影响循环水质量,降低生产效率。
通过试验研究了凝聚剂、絮凝剂在煤泥水中的最佳混合搅拌条件。凝聚剂的搅拌强度较絮凝剂要高,絮凝剂不可有过高的搅拌速度和长的搅拌时间,避免破坏其长分子链性能及已形成的絮团。凝聚剂属无机络合物,过低搅拌不能发挥凝聚作用;通过单独使用絮凝剂与凝聚剂、絮凝剂联合使用对比,发现联合使用不仅絮凝效果好,而且药剂费用也不高;研究了不同煤泥水浓度下,不同药剂组合的絮凝效果对比,以及煤泥水浓度与沉降速度、药剂用量的关系,得出随着煤泥水浓度增大,耗药量增大,沉降速度降低。
另外,还研究了新型纳尔科有机凝聚剂对煤泥表面ζ电位、絮凝沉降的影响以及吸附于煤泥表面的表面分析,对比分析表明,纳尔科凝聚剂能有效降低煤泥表面ζ电位,絮凝效果不仅比常规凝聚剂好,且更具经济性。
Ultra -soft slurry flocculation is a difficult target in coal slurry processes. It is studied in this paper that ultra-soft coal slurry system property、solution chemical circumstance、effect law of coagulant and flocculent on settling process ,so the reasons for difficult settling can be analyzed comprehensively.
It was measured that coal slurry concentration、granular fraction distribution、ζ-potential、pH value、water hardness、sludge surface element composition、function group and wetting quality with such characteristic methods as XRD, IR, XPS, pH meter, Electrophoresis analyzer, Spectrophotometer, Contact angle analyzer, Laser particle size analyzer, Ion Chromatography, Nephelometer, and so on. It was indicated that the internal factors resulting in high concentration thickener overflow is high concentration slurry、high content of fine particulate containing high ash、high pH value、soft water、highζ-potential. So the agent can not exert itself, the slurry was not able to settling completely, circulating water had high turbidity, and affected the normal running in plant.
It was studied from point of solution chemistry that the law of water hardness、pH value、ζ-potential、coagulant dosage’s effect on particulate coagulation、flocculation and settling. It was proved that when pH value is high,ζ-potential is great, so the repulse between different particles is too great to coagulate, the turbidity of supernatant fluid is high and flocculation is not satisfied. For target slurry in this paper, when pH∈(3.0-7.0), the slurry can reach promising settling result, and when pH=4.3, it can get zero-potential point. However pH of the plant slurry is 8.0, which is not profit to coagulation. Adding Ca2+、Mg2+ in soft slurry can reduceζ-potential and improve flocculation. So when slurry hardness hold in some scope,ζ-potential of particles can remain a low level comparatively, and obtain nice flocculation with fewer agent. It also highlighted that overdosing of coagulant is not only uneconomical, but meanwhile downgrades settling velocity、influencing circulating water quality and productivity.
The best mixed agitating conditions in coal flurry for coagulant and flocculant respectively was found in flocculation test. Agitating intensity of coagulant is fiercer than flocculant’s; Flocculant can not sustain high agitating to avoid breaking long-chain molecule and the flocs have been obtained. Coagulant, as an inorganic complex, can not work well when agitating rate is too low; Comparing settling result of Flocculant used single with associated with coagulant, association method can attain more satisfied settling result without extra expenses. Research on comparing flocculation of different agents associations in different coal slurry concentrations and the relationship of settling velocity、agents dosage and slurry concentration demonstrated that agent dosage become more and settling velocity lower with concentration higher.
Otherwise, study on effect of Nalco organic coagulant on coal particulateζ-potential、settling character and coal sludge surface function group analysis showed that Nalco coagulant can reduceζ-potential effectively , reach a well flocculation and is an economic agent compared with normal agent.
引文
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