桥面微弯板结构的承载力研究
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摘要
由于微弯板具有制作简单、用钢量省、承载潜力较大的优点，因而上世纪七、八十年代，在刚架拱桥、桁架拱桥中常用作桥面板。微弯板在桥梁中使用已有三十多年，在调查中发现大多微弯板都存有不同程度的病害，也就面临着对旧桥微弯板的加固改造的问题；另外，在我国某些经济尚不发达地区的桥梁建设中仍在采用，因此，对微弯板的承载力的正确评定也显得十分重要。在过去的几十年中，微弯板的研究资料极少，我国桥梁规范中尚无微弯板的承载力的确定方法。
为了对其承载力做出较正确评价，并能为加固改造、设计提供科学依据，根据交通部《公路旧桥检测评定和加固技术研究及推广应用》科研项目的要求，本文对微弯板的承载力确定方法进行研究。
本文通过模型试验和有限元分析，较深入地探讨了在不同边界条件下微弯板的受力性能，结果发现与拱片上弦杆连接的支承面有侧向约束条件是影响微弯板的薄膜效应最重要的因素，当该支承面为固结状态时，薄膜效应十分显著，其承载力比简支约束微弯板的承载力提高了约40％。在试验和有限元分析的基础上，借鉴已有的研究成果，本文提出了考虑薄膜效应时确定微弯板承载力的方法，并推导出相应承载力计算公式。试验证明，用本文方法计算所确定的承载力是安全可靠的，并能较好地反映微弯板实际的承载力状况。
Because it is simple to make manufacture slab with slightly curved bottom, and is economical to use steel, and is relatively great in aspect of load bearing potential capacity, the slab often has been used as braced arch and rigid-frame arch bridges' deck slab in 1970s and 1980s. The slab has been used more than 30 years. The mass of the slab have diseases in varying degrees by investigation, so the problem faced us is to strengthen and remake the slab. In addition, the slab will be used in underdeveloped region of our country. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom. The research information of the slab that has been used for forepassed decades is extremely few. There is a lack of the method of calculating load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom in our bridge criterion.
To evaluate load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom, and provide scientific basis for strengthening and remaking and designing the slab, this paper discuss the method of calculating load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom according to the ministry of communications' scientific research project, that is Technique Research of Detection , Evaluation and Strengthening and its Spread.
This paper discusses the performance of load bearing under different boundary conditions by model test and finite element analysis. The x-side binding of the supporting surface connecting with up-side chord member of slice arch is the most important factor that affects membrane effect of the slab. The load bearig capacity of the slab with fixed end increased forty percent of the capacity of the simple-supported slab, because membrane effect of the slab with fixed end is remarkable. On the basis of the test and finite element analysis, and on the experience of exsting research payoffs, this paper advance the method of calculating load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom considering membrane effect of the slab, and deduce the corresponding formulas. Test has proved that the calculation result is safe and reliable and actual using the method of this paper.
为了对其承载力做出较正确评价，并能为加固改造、设计提供科学依据，根据交通部《公路旧桥检测评定和加固技术研究及推广应用》科研项目的要求，本文对微弯板的承载力确定方法进行研究。
本文通过模型试验和有限元分析，较深入地探讨了在不同边界条件下微弯板的受力性能，结果发现与拱片上弦杆连接的支承面有侧向约束条件是影响微弯板的薄膜效应最重要的因素，当该支承面为固结状态时，薄膜效应十分显著，其承载力比简支约束微弯板的承载力提高了约40％。在试验和有限元分析的基础上，借鉴已有的研究成果，本文提出了考虑薄膜效应时确定微弯板承载力的方法，并推导出相应承载力计算公式。试验证明，用本文方法计算所确定的承载力是安全可靠的，并能较好地反映微弯板实际的承载力状况。
Because it is simple to make manufacture slab with slightly curved bottom, and is economical to use steel, and is relatively great in aspect of load bearing potential capacity, the slab often has been used as braced arch and rigid-frame arch bridges' deck slab in 1970s and 1980s. The slab has been used more than 30 years. The mass of the slab have diseases in varying degrees by investigation, so the problem faced us is to strengthen and remake the slab. In addition, the slab will be used in underdeveloped region of our country. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom. The research information of the slab that has been used for forepassed decades is extremely few. There is a lack of the method of calculating load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom in our bridge criterion.
To evaluate load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom, and provide scientific basis for strengthening and remaking and designing the slab, this paper discuss the method of calculating load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom according to the ministry of communications' scientific research project, that is Technique Research of Detection , Evaluation and Strengthening and its Spread.
This paper discusses the performance of load bearing under different boundary conditions by model test and finite element analysis. The x-side binding of the supporting surface connecting with up-side chord member of slice arch is the most important factor that affects membrane effect of the slab. The load bearig capacity of the slab with fixed end increased forty percent of the capacity of the simple-supported slab, because membrane effect of the slab with fixed end is remarkable. On the basis of the test and finite element analysis, and on the experience of exsting research payoffs, this paper advance the method of calculating load bearing capacity of slab with slightly curved bottom considering membrane effect of the slab, and deduce the corresponding formulas. Test has proved that the calculation result is safe and reliable and actual using the method of this paper.
引文
1．范立础．桥梁工程(上册)．北京：人民交通出版社．1997
2．范立础．桥梁工程(下册)．北京：人民交通出版社．1997
3．姚玲森．桥梁工程．北京：人民交通出版社．1996
4．中华人民共和国交通部．公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范(JTJ023-85)．北京：人民交通出版社．1985
5．华东水利学院．弹性力学问题的有限单元法北京：水利电力出版社．1974
6．叶见曙主编．结构设计原理．北京：人民交通出版社．1997
7．邵容光编．结构设计原理．北京：人民交通出版社．1987
8．曾威等著．新型公路桥面板—钢筋混凝土肋腋板的性能及应用．北京：人民交通出版社．1991
9．俞同华，林长川，郑信光编．钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥(第二版)．北京：人民交通出版社．1984
10．交通部科学研究院重庆分院编．江津预应力混凝土拱桁桥．北京：人民交通出版社．1980
11．陈精一，蔡国忠编著．电脑辅助工程分析—ANSYS使用指南．北京：中国铁道出版社．2001
12．谭建国编著．使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析．北京：北京大学出版社．2002
13. ANSYS Element Reference. Solid 45. SASIP, Inc.,1998
14. ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide. Solid 45. SASIP, Inc.,1998
15. ANSYS Structure Analysis Guide. Solid 45. SASIP,Inc.,1998
16．王勖成等．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1998
17. K.J.Bathe. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1982
18．丁浩江，何福保，谢贻权等．弹性和塑性力学中的有限元方法(第二版)．机械工业出版社．1987
19．郭永深，叶见曙编．桥梁技术改造．北京：人民交通出版社，1991
20. Cope R.J.,Sawko F., Tickell R.G..Comupter Method for Civil Engineering. Mc-Graw-Hill, 1982
21. S.S. Morcos, R. Rjorhoved. Fracture Modeling of Concrete and Steel. J. of str. Eng, 1995(7)
22．王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及其在Ansys上的实践．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1999
23．R.Sziland著，陈太平等译．板的理论与分析．北京：中国铁道出版社．1984
24．黄国桢，成源华译．钢筋混凝土板．上海．同济大学出版社．1992
25．结构试验方法标准．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
26．交通部公路规划设计院．公路桥涵设计图(JT／GQS019-80)．1980
27．王娴明编著．建筑结构试验．北京：清华大学出版社．1988
28．李德寅，王邦楣等．结构模型实验．北京：科学出版社．1996
29．童岳生等．钢筋混凝土不规则板的试验与分析．建筑结构．No.12，1997 12
30．童岳生，钱国芳，吴豹．钢筋棍凝土异形板的试验研究．土木工程学报Vol.26 No.4 1993
31．沈聚敏等．钢筋混凝土有限元与板壳极限分析．清华大学出版社，1993．11
32．朱伯芳．有限元法原理与应用．北京：水利电力出版社．1979
33．李宏江，叶见曙，虞建成．伊家河刚架拱桥病害的结构分析．桥梁建设．2002年第5期
34．邵容光．少筋微弯板桥面极限承载能力的理论探讨．江苏省公路学会桥梁专业学术交流资料汇编，1981
35．赵瑜，史庆德，崔艳玲．钢筋混凝土矩形孔口结构配筋的试验研究．华北水利水电学院学报．第20卷第3期
36．方诗圣，何敏，胡成，李宏国．配变形钢筋T形截面连续梁的微混凝土结构模型试验．合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol.25No.22002年4月
37．胡成．微混凝土模型板的试验研究．合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)，1998,21
38．吴文清，叶见曙，胡成等．坝内孔口结构的微混凝土结构模型试验．东南大学学报(自然科学版)．2000,30
39．赵永平，李洪生，李进超．安邦河大桥加宽改造设计．森林工程．第16卷第3期2000年5月
40．陈宇新，王玉泉等．浅析钢筋混凝土刚架拱桥病害分析及加固设计．东北公路．第26卷第3期
41．洪俊明．狮子潭桥桥面损坏的修复和原因浅析．广东公路交通．1996年第1期
42．杨文渊，徐犇编．桥梁维修与加固．北京．人民交通出版社，1986
43．顾安邦，孙国柱主编．《公路桥涵设计手册》拱桥(上册)北京．人民交通出版社，1994
44．顾安邦，孙国柱主编．《公路桥涵设计手册》拱桥(下册)北京．人民交通出版社，1994
45．姚振纲，刘祖华．建筑结构试验．上海．同济大学出版社．1996
46．湖南大学，太原工学院，福州大学编．建筑结构试验．中国建筑工业出版
社．1985
47．张娟秀 姚伟发．微弯板常见病害及原因分析．西安：西北水电．2004第1期
48．刘庆潭主编．材料力学．北京：机械工业出版社．2003
49．龙驭球 包世华编．结构力学(上、下册)．北京：人民教育出版社．1981
50. M.P. Nielsen. Limit Analysis and Concrete Plasticity (A,B). Prentice-hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632. 1984
51. R. Park and T. Paulay. Reinforced concrete structures. Wiley, New York, 1975
52. J.C. Jifreut. Flexural Cracking of Concrete Flat Plates. Proc. ACI, Vol. 70, December 1973
53. Fan zhiliang and shi Dong. Large. deformation analysis of plates and shells including post ducklings In: Prooc, of the Fourth East Asia-Pacific conf, on struct Engng,& Construction Seoul, 1993
54. Schnobrich W C. Reflections on the behavior of RC shell. Engng Struct, 1991
55. Mang, HA, Meschke G. Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Engng struct, 1991,13(2)
56. Fan zhiliang. Load carrying mechanism of restrained plates at large deflection. J Eng Mech, 1994,120(6)
57. Jiang jian jing. Finite Element Technique for Static Analysis of Structures in Reinforced Concrete. Chalmers University of Technology. 1983, Sweden
58. Jonatan Paulsson and Johan Silfwerbrarnd. Durability of Repaired Bridge Deck Overlays. Concrete International. v02 n2 Feb 1998
59. C. R. Middleton. Concrete bridge assessment:an alternative approach. Structural Engineer v75 n23-24 Dec9 1997
60. Dimitri V. Val and Robert E. Melchers. Reliability of Deteriorating RC Slab Bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering. V123 n12 Dec 1997
2．范立础．桥梁工程(下册)．北京：人民交通出版社．1997
3．姚玲森．桥梁工程．北京：人民交通出版社．1996
4．中华人民共和国交通部．公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范(JTJ023-85)．北京：人民交通出版社．1985
5．华东水利学院．弹性力学问题的有限单元法北京：水利电力出版社．1974
6．叶见曙主编．结构设计原理．北京：人民交通出版社．1997
7．邵容光编．结构设计原理．北京：人民交通出版社．1987
8．曾威等著．新型公路桥面板—钢筋混凝土肋腋板的性能及应用．北京：人民交通出版社．1991
9．俞同华，林长川，郑信光编．钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥(第二版)．北京：人民交通出版社．1984
10．交通部科学研究院重庆分院编．江津预应力混凝土拱桁桥．北京：人民交通出版社．1980
11．陈精一，蔡国忠编著．电脑辅助工程分析—ANSYS使用指南．北京：中国铁道出版社．2001
12．谭建国编著．使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析．北京：北京大学出版社．2002
13. ANSYS Element Reference. Solid 45. SASIP, Inc.,1998
14. ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide. Solid 45. SASIP, Inc.,1998
15. ANSYS Structure Analysis Guide. Solid 45. SASIP,Inc.,1998
16．王勖成等．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1998
17. K.J.Bathe. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1982
18．丁浩江，何福保，谢贻权等．弹性和塑性力学中的有限元方法(第二版)．机械工业出版社．1987
19．郭永深，叶见曙编．桥梁技术改造．北京：人民交通出版社，1991
20. Cope R.J.,Sawko F., Tickell R.G..Comupter Method for Civil Engineering. Mc-Graw-Hill, 1982
21. S.S. Morcos, R. Rjorhoved. Fracture Modeling of Concrete and Steel. J. of str. Eng, 1995(7)
22．王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及其在Ansys上的实践．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1999
23．R.Sziland著，陈太平等译．板的理论与分析．北京：中国铁道出版社．1984
24．黄国桢，成源华译．钢筋混凝土板．上海．同济大学出版社．1992
25．结构试验方法标准．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1997
26．交通部公路规划设计院．公路桥涵设计图(JT／GQS019-80)．1980
27．王娴明编著．建筑结构试验．北京：清华大学出版社．1988
28．李德寅，王邦楣等．结构模型实验．北京：科学出版社．1996
29．童岳生等．钢筋混凝土不规则板的试验与分析．建筑结构．No.12，1997 12
30．童岳生，钱国芳，吴豹．钢筋棍凝土异形板的试验研究．土木工程学报Vol.26 No.4 1993
31．沈聚敏等．钢筋混凝土有限元与板壳极限分析．清华大学出版社，1993．11
32．朱伯芳．有限元法原理与应用．北京：水利电力出版社．1979
33．李宏江，叶见曙，虞建成．伊家河刚架拱桥病害的结构分析．桥梁建设．2002年第5期
34．邵容光．少筋微弯板桥面极限承载能力的理论探讨．江苏省公路学会桥梁专业学术交流资料汇编，1981
35．赵瑜，史庆德，崔艳玲．钢筋混凝土矩形孔口结构配筋的试验研究．华北水利水电学院学报．第20卷第3期
36．方诗圣，何敏，胡成，李宏国．配变形钢筋T形截面连续梁的微混凝土结构模型试验．合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol.25No.22002年4月
37．胡成．微混凝土模型板的试验研究．合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)，1998,21
38．吴文清，叶见曙，胡成等．坝内孔口结构的微混凝土结构模型试验．东南大学学报(自然科学版)．2000,30
39．赵永平，李洪生，李进超．安邦河大桥加宽改造设计．森林工程．第16卷第3期2000年5月
40．陈宇新，王玉泉等．浅析钢筋混凝土刚架拱桥病害分析及加固设计．东北公路．第26卷第3期
41．洪俊明．狮子潭桥桥面损坏的修复和原因浅析．广东公路交通．1996年第1期
42．杨文渊，徐犇编．桥梁维修与加固．北京．人民交通出版社，1986
43．顾安邦，孙国柱主编．《公路桥涵设计手册》拱桥(上册)北京．人民交通出版社，1994
44．顾安邦，孙国柱主编．《公路桥涵设计手册》拱桥(下册)北京．人民交通出版社，1994
45．姚振纲，刘祖华．建筑结构试验．上海．同济大学出版社．1996
46．湖南大学，太原工学院，福州大学编．建筑结构试验．中国建筑工业出版
社．1985
47．张娟秀 姚伟发．微弯板常见病害及原因分析．西安：西北水电．2004第1期
48．刘庆潭主编．材料力学．北京：机械工业出版社．2003
49．龙驭球 包世华编．结构力学(上、下册)．北京：人民教育出版社．1981
50. M.P. Nielsen. Limit Analysis and Concrete Plasticity (A,B). Prentice-hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632. 1984
51. R. Park and T. Paulay. Reinforced concrete structures. Wiley, New York, 1975
52. J.C. Jifreut. Flexural Cracking of Concrete Flat Plates. Proc. ACI, Vol. 70, December 1973
53. Fan zhiliang and shi Dong. Large. deformation analysis of plates and shells including post ducklings In: Prooc, of the Fourth East Asia-Pacific conf, on struct Engng,& Construction Seoul, 1993
54. Schnobrich W C. Reflections on the behavior of RC shell. Engng Struct, 1991
55. Mang, HA, Meschke G. Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Engng struct, 1991,13(2)
56. Fan zhiliang. Load carrying mechanism of restrained plates at large deflection. J Eng Mech, 1994,120(6)
57. Jiang jian jing. Finite Element Technique for Static Analysis of Structures in Reinforced Concrete. Chalmers University of Technology. 1983, Sweden
58. Jonatan Paulsson and Johan Silfwerbrarnd. Durability of Repaired Bridge Deck Overlays. Concrete International. v02 n2 Feb 1998
59. C. R. Middleton. Concrete bridge assessment:an alternative approach. Structural Engineer v75 n23-24 Dec9 1997
60. Dimitri V. Val and Robert E. Melchers. Reliability of Deteriorating RC Slab Bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering. V123 n12 Dec 1997