IPv6路由器的测试控制数据的规划与描述技术研究
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摘要
从IPv4向以IPv6为代表的下一代Internet的过渡，涉及网络硬软件产品的全面升级换代，因此，对基于IPv6的新一代网络产品研制和开发就成为整个过渡期的重要任务。相应地，对以IPv6为基础的网络产品进行测试的工作也重新受到学术界和网络界的重视。路由器作为通信子网的核心设备，其测试技术的研究具有尤为重要的意义。
本文涉及的研究与开发工作的大背景是四川省网络通信技术重点实验室的路由器“多端口并发测试技术”研究和系统开发。该项目的研究与建设目标是：探讨与IPv6路由器相关的多端口并发测试的关键技术，并以此为基础开发面向测试中心的两层结构的分布式路由器测试环境，即由上一级的多端口并发测试管理器和下级的多个双端口测试器组成的分布式测试环境。本文的工作主要涉及该项工作中的第一阶段研究工作，即路由器双端口测试环境的研发；论文作者的工作主要是该环境中的测试控制数据的规划与测试控制数据的描述技术研究。
网络协议测试环境由测试系统与测试支撑工具两大部分组成。测试系统通过执行可执行的测试控制数据(测试集、组、子组和测试例)实现对被测对象的观测。可执行控制数据则是根据测试对象相关的协议的理解分析，为不同测试目的需要(协议实现是否符合相关协议、性能指标、与同类设备的互通能力或系统的鲁棒性可靠性等)，归纳和描述相应的测试集，并最终获得测试系统可执行的测试控制数据。尽管ISO将协议测试控制数据界定为：通用测试集、抽象测试集和可执行测试集三大类，但迄今为止，学术界和业界尚无对如何规划通用测试集以及如何从通用测试集获得与测试方法相关的抽象测试集的方法学的研究。加上IETF目前尚未制定出标准的IP协议测试集，本项研究工作既是项目研究与开发的需要，也可以作为同类研究开发工作的借鉴。
本文作者的在相关研究中的贡献在于：
1、探讨性地提出了通用测试集的规划方法；完成了IPv6、ICMPv6以及RIPng协议通用测试集(GTS-Generic Test Suite)的规划，并在多个协议规划的基础上探讨性地总结出单状态协议和多状态协议GTS规划的一般方法。
2、探索性地提出了“抽象测试信息表”(ATIT-Abstrct Test Information
西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文
第H页
Table)，从而简化了oTs到抽象测试集(灯S一Abstraet介st Suite)的过渡。
3、用TTeN一3部分完成了Ipv6、ICMpv6、咫png三个协议的ATS描述，并
通过了本实验室TTcN一3编译程序的语法和语义检查以及oPenTTcN[7’]
的在线语法和语义分析器的检查。
协议控制数据的规划与描述是一项涉及面广、系统性强而且耗费人力的
长期性工作，由于实验室的测试系统及相关测试支撑工具的开发工作尚未完
成，作者定义的测试集尚无可应用的实际测试环境，不能不留下一些遗憾，
由后面的同学来完成。
Migration from IPv4 to IPv6-based NGI (Next Generation Internet) involves updating of existing network products, and testing of IPv6 products becomes an important task. As a result, relevant testing techniques have drawn considerable attention from academic and business communities, especially those of testing routers.
The background of reseach and development work presented in this dissertation is the activities at SC-Netcom Lab concerning the concurrent multi-port testing for IPv6 routers and such activities aim at a distributed test environment for test centers. The test environment has two-level architecture: the Concurrent Multi-Prot Test Manager (CMPTM) at the top level, and the Two-Port Tester (TPT) at the bottom. The author's work presented in this dissertation chiefly involves the first phase research, i.e. the reseach and development with TPT, and an emphsis has been given to techniques of planning and specification of test control data for IPv6 routers.
A test environment is composed of a test system and a test support tool set. The test system runs executable test control data, issues stimuli to the router under test, and observes its responses; while test support tools provide means for test specification in test specification languages and convert them into maching executable codes.
Due to lack of systematic methodologies in test suite planning and standard test suites for IP routers in IETF, the author has dedicated her work to test suite planning and specification. This work is not only required by the development of CMPT test environment, but also meaningful for other people working in the same area.
The author's contribution in this dissertation can be summarized as follows:
1. Tentatively introduced a planning method for Generic Test Suites (GTS) and applied it to GTS planning for IPv6, ICMPv6, and RIPng summarized from experience with single-state and multiple-state protocols.
2. Simplified the refinement process from GTS to test method relevant
ATS (Abstract Test Suite) by introduction of the ATIT (Abstract Test Information Table).
3. Partially specified the ATS for IPv6, ICMPv6, and RIPng, and accomplished the ATS's syntactic and semantic verification with a TTCN-3 compiler developed by our lab and with the online TTCN-3 analyser of OpenTTCN.
Planning and specification of test control data is a systematic and time-consuming work, and it involves understanding of relevant protocols. For the first-phase development work at SC-Netcom Lab has not yet been completed and therefore no operation environment for test suites specified by the author can be used in real testing. For the very reason, the author felt in debt to my collegues to leave some of the work uncompleted.
本文涉及的研究与开发工作的大背景是四川省网络通信技术重点实验室的路由器“多端口并发测试技术”研究和系统开发。该项目的研究与建设目标是：探讨与IPv6路由器相关的多端口并发测试的关键技术，并以此为基础开发面向测试中心的两层结构的分布式路由器测试环境，即由上一级的多端口并发测试管理器和下级的多个双端口测试器组成的分布式测试环境。本文的工作主要涉及该项工作中的第一阶段研究工作，即路由器双端口测试环境的研发；论文作者的工作主要是该环境中的测试控制数据的规划与测试控制数据的描述技术研究。
网络协议测试环境由测试系统与测试支撑工具两大部分组成。测试系统通过执行可执行的测试控制数据(测试集、组、子组和测试例)实现对被测对象的观测。可执行控制数据则是根据测试对象相关的协议的理解分析，为不同测试目的需要(协议实现是否符合相关协议、性能指标、与同类设备的互通能力或系统的鲁棒性可靠性等)，归纳和描述相应的测试集，并最终获得测试系统可执行的测试控制数据。尽管ISO将协议测试控制数据界定为：通用测试集、抽象测试集和可执行测试集三大类，但迄今为止，学术界和业界尚无对如何规划通用测试集以及如何从通用测试集获得与测试方法相关的抽象测试集的方法学的研究。加上IETF目前尚未制定出标准的IP协议测试集，本项研究工作既是项目研究与开发的需要，也可以作为同类研究开发工作的借鉴。
本文作者的在相关研究中的贡献在于：
1、探讨性地提出了通用测试集的规划方法；完成了IPv6、ICMPv6以及RIPng协议通用测试集(GTS-Generic Test Suite)的规划，并在多个协议规划的基础上探讨性地总结出单状态协议和多状态协议GTS规划的一般方法。
2、探索性地提出了“抽象测试信息表”(ATIT-Abstrct Test Information
西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文
第H页
Table)，从而简化了oTs到抽象测试集(灯S一Abstraet介st Suite)的过渡。
3、用TTeN一3部分完成了Ipv6、ICMpv6、咫png三个协议的ATS描述，并
通过了本实验室TTcN一3编译程序的语法和语义检查以及oPenTTcN[7’]
的在线语法和语义分析器的检查。
协议控制数据的规划与描述是一项涉及面广、系统性强而且耗费人力的
长期性工作，由于实验室的测试系统及相关测试支撑工具的开发工作尚未完
成，作者定义的测试集尚无可应用的实际测试环境，不能不留下一些遗憾，
由后面的同学来完成。
Migration from IPv4 to IPv6-based NGI (Next Generation Internet) involves updating of existing network products, and testing of IPv6 products becomes an important task. As a result, relevant testing techniques have drawn considerable attention from academic and business communities, especially those of testing routers.
The background of reseach and development work presented in this dissertation is the activities at SC-Netcom Lab concerning the concurrent multi-port testing for IPv6 routers and such activities aim at a distributed test environment for test centers. The test environment has two-level architecture: the Concurrent Multi-Prot Test Manager (CMPTM) at the top level, and the Two-Port Tester (TPT) at the bottom. The author's work presented in this dissertation chiefly involves the first phase research, i.e. the reseach and development with TPT, and an emphsis has been given to techniques of planning and specification of test control data for IPv6 routers.
A test environment is composed of a test system and a test support tool set. The test system runs executable test control data, issues stimuli to the router under test, and observes its responses; while test support tools provide means for test specification in test specification languages and convert them into maching executable codes.
Due to lack of systematic methodologies in test suite planning and standard test suites for IP routers in IETF, the author has dedicated her work to test suite planning and specification. This work is not only required by the development of CMPT test environment, but also meaningful for other people working in the same area.
The author's contribution in this dissertation can be summarized as follows:
1. Tentatively introduced a planning method for Generic Test Suites (GTS) and applied it to GTS planning for IPv6, ICMPv6, and RIPng summarized from experience with single-state and multiple-state protocols.
2. Simplified the refinement process from GTS to test method relevant
ATS (Abstract Test Suite) by introduction of the ATIT (Abstract Test Information Table).
3. Partially specified the ATS for IPv6, ICMPv6, and RIPng, and accomplished the ATS's syntactic and semantic verification with a TTCN-3 compiler developed by our lab and with the online TTCN-3 analyser of OpenTTCN.
Planning and specification of test control data is a systematic and time-consuming work, and it involves understanding of relevant protocols. For the first-phase development work at SC-Netcom Lab has not yet been completed and therefore no operation environment for test suites specified by the author can be used in real testing. For the very reason, the author felt in debt to my collegues to leave some of the work uncompleted.
引文
[1] International Standard, Open Systems Interconnection, Conformance testing methodology and framework-Part 1 (ISO/IEC 9646-1): General concepts, 1994
[2] (ISO/IEC 9646-2):Abstract test suite specification, 1994
[3] (ISO/IEC 9646-3):Tree and Tabular Combined Notation, 1994
[4] (ISO/IEC 9646-4):Test Realization, 1994
[5] (ISO/IEC 9646-5):Requirements on test laboratoriesand clients for the conformance assessment process, 1994
[6] (ISO/IEC 9646-6):Protocol Profile Test Specification, 1994
[7] (ISO/IEC 9646-7):Implementation Conformance Statements,1994
[8] ISO IS 8648, "Internal Organization of the network Layer", 1990.
[9] Huaxin Zeng, Xun Zhou,and Bo Song,"On Testing of IP Routers", in:Proceedings of PACAT03, IEEE press,PP.535-540,Aug(2003)
[10] RFC0791: Internet Protocol Specification, September 1981
[11] RFC2373: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture,July 1998
[12] RFC 1058: Routing Information Protocol, June 1988
[13] RFC 1654: A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4),July 1994
[14] RFC 1723: Routing Information Protocol version2,November 1994
[15] RFC 1981: Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6, August 1996
[16] RFC2080: RIPng for IPv6, January 1997
[17] RFC2460:Internet Protocol, Version 6(IPv6) Specification,December 1998
[18] RFC2461: Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6),December 1998
[19] RFC2462:IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, December 1998
[20] RFC2463: Internet Control Message Protoeol(ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6) Specification,December 1998
[21] RFC2740:OSPF for IPv6, December 1999
[22] RFC2766: Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT), February 2000
[23] RFC2402:IP Authentication Header, November 1998
[24] RFC2406:IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP),November 1998
[25] RFC2893: Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers, August 2000
[26] RFC3315: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6), July 2003
[27] RFC3484: Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
[28] RFC3053:IPv6 Tunnel Broker, January 2001
[29] draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-20: Mobility Support in IPv6 (MN part is contributed by Linux Technology Center, IBM)
[30] draft-ietf-ipv6-dns-discovery-07: DNS Discovery
[31] draft-ietf-ipv6-router-selection-02: Default Router Preferences, More-Specific Routes, and Load Sharing
[32] J. Grabowski etc, "On the design of the new testing language TTCN-3", Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Testing of Communicating Systems (TestCom), Ottawa,2000.
[33] J,Tian,Z.Li. "The Next Generation lnternet Protocol and its Test". IEEE International Conference of Communication, Helsinki,Finland,Jun.2001.p210～215
[34] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-1 TTCN-3 :Core Language,2003.
[35] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-2 TTCN-3:Tabular Presentation Format for TTCN-3(TFT),2003.
[36] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-3 TTCN-3: Graphical Presentation Format for TTCN-3(GFT),2003.
[37] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-4 TTCN-3:Operational Semantics,2003.
[38] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-5 TTCN-3:The TTCN-3 Runtime Interface(TRI),2003.
[39] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-6 TTCN-3: The TTCN-3 Control Interface(TCI),2003.
[40] Huaxin Zeng and Dave Rayner,"Gateway Testing Technique", in:"Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification",IV edited By Y.Yemini,and etc.,North-holland Publishers, 1984,pp.637-656
[41] HuaxinZeng etc,"Single Physical Layer U-Plane Architecture(SUPA) for Next Generation Internet". IEC Annual Review of IP Applications and Services,2004
[42] 张宏科．IPv6路由协议技术研究的现状和未来．电信技术，2003．7：10～13
[43] 杨建华等．OSPFv3协议一致性测试系统设计与实现．计算机应用，2003，No．7：18～21
[44] 刘霞，钱向红．新一代测试描述语言TTCN-3的研究与应用．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：168～171．
[45] 李秀峰等．IPv6协议测试技术的探讨．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：29～32．
[46] 古天龙，网络协议的形式化分析与设计．电子工业出版社．2003
[47] 宋波，岳丽全，骆昊．多端口路由器测试技术研究．计算机科学(已录用)
[48] 余营志，赵保华等．基于Tcl的路由协议一致性测试．北京邮电大学学报，2003，Vol．26(增刊)：37～41
[49] 郝瑞兵，吴建平等．一种形式化的基于TTCN的测试执行方法．软件学报，1997，Vol．8．No．5：367～375
[50] 李忠诚，张玉军．IPv6协议一致性测试的实现．电信技术，2003，7：29～32．
[51] 陈建荣等．协议一致性测试执行系统的体系结构研究，2003，Vol．29，No．8：78～80．
[52] 郝松侠，吴铁楠等．IPv6基本描述协议一致性测试的探讨．内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，No．33：470～474．
[53] 张玉军，田军等IPv6中Neigbor Discovery协议及其测试．计算机工程与应用，2002，No．7：177～180
[54] 王建国，吴建平等．基于协议集成测试系统的IPv4协议一致性测试．软件学报，2000．11(2)：207～212
[55] 卢小青，张宏科．新一代路由信息协议及其在Linux平台上的实现．铁路计算机应用，2001．No．5：26～29
[56] 曲军，李彤，基于IPv6的RIPng路由协议．中国数据通信，2003，No．9：78～81
[57] 贾佳，张思东等．RIP路由协议的研究与实现．产品与技术．2001：p35
[58] 魏亮．路由器的测试．电信科学．2001，No．7：36～40
[59] 吴建平，尹霞．基于形式化方法的协议测试理论．2001，Vol．41，No．4／5：203～208
[60] Glenford J.Myers著，周之英，郑人杰译．计算机软件测试技巧．清华大学出版社．2001
[61] 姜志强．网络协议测试技术研究．西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文，1998
[62] 李津生，洪佩琳等编著．下一代Internet的网络技术．人民邮电出版社．2001
[63] 王乐春，龚正虎等编著．高端路由器测试技术．人民邮电出版社．2002
[64] Marcus Goncalves, Kitty Niles著．IPv6网络．人民邮电出版社．2000
[65] Pete Loshin著．IPv6祥解．机械工业出版社．2000
[66] 伍海桑，陈茂科等著．IPv6原理与实践．人民邮电出版社．2000
[67] TTCN-3测试描述语言．http://www.etsi.org
[68] CNGI的建设．http://www.ipv6.net.cn
[69] Moonv6项目建设．http://moonv6.com
[70] 6-bone的建设．http://www.6bone.net.
[71] OpenTTCN语法语义在线分析器．http://www.openttcn.com
[2] (ISO/IEC 9646-2):Abstract test suite specification, 1994
[3] (ISO/IEC 9646-3):Tree and Tabular Combined Notation, 1994
[4] (ISO/IEC 9646-4):Test Realization, 1994
[5] (ISO/IEC 9646-5):Requirements on test laboratoriesand clients for the conformance assessment process, 1994
[6] (ISO/IEC 9646-6):Protocol Profile Test Specification, 1994
[7] (ISO/IEC 9646-7):Implementation Conformance Statements,1994
[8] ISO IS 8648, "Internal Organization of the network Layer", 1990.
[9] Huaxin Zeng, Xun Zhou,and Bo Song,"On Testing of IP Routers", in:Proceedings of PACAT03, IEEE press,PP.535-540,Aug(2003)
[10] RFC0791: Internet Protocol Specification, September 1981
[11] RFC2373: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture,July 1998
[12] RFC 1058: Routing Information Protocol, June 1988
[13] RFC 1654: A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4),July 1994
[14] RFC 1723: Routing Information Protocol version2,November 1994
[15] RFC 1981: Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6, August 1996
[16] RFC2080: RIPng for IPv6, January 1997
[17] RFC2460:Internet Protocol, Version 6(IPv6) Specification,December 1998
[18] RFC2461: Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6),December 1998
[19] RFC2462:IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, December 1998
[20] RFC2463: Internet Control Message Protoeol(ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6) Specification,December 1998
[21] RFC2740:OSPF for IPv6, December 1999
[22] RFC2766: Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT), February 2000
[23] RFC2402:IP Authentication Header, November 1998
[24] RFC2406:IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP),November 1998
[25] RFC2893: Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers, August 2000
[26] RFC3315: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6), July 2003
[27] RFC3484: Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
[28] RFC3053:IPv6 Tunnel Broker, January 2001
[29] draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-20: Mobility Support in IPv6 (MN part is contributed by Linux Technology Center, IBM)
[30] draft-ietf-ipv6-dns-discovery-07: DNS Discovery
[31] draft-ietf-ipv6-router-selection-02: Default Router Preferences, More-Specific Routes, and Load Sharing
[32] J. Grabowski etc, "On the design of the new testing language TTCN-3", Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Testing of Communicating Systems (TestCom), Ottawa,2000.
[33] J,Tian,Z.Li. "The Next Generation lnternet Protocol and its Test". IEEE International Conference of Communication, Helsinki,Finland,Jun.2001.p210～215
[34] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-1 TTCN-3 :Core Language,2003.
[35] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-2 TTCN-3:Tabular Presentation Format for TTCN-3(TFT),2003.
[36] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-3 TTCN-3: Graphical Presentation Format for TTCN-3(GFT),2003.
[37] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-4 TTCN-3:Operational Semantics,2003.
[38] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-5 TTCN-3:The TTCN-3 Runtime Interface(TRI),2003.
[39] ETSI European Standard (ES) 201 873-6 TTCN-3: The TTCN-3 Control Interface(TCI),2003.
[40] Huaxin Zeng and Dave Rayner,"Gateway Testing Technique", in:"Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification",IV edited By Y.Yemini,and etc.,North-holland Publishers, 1984,pp.637-656
[41] HuaxinZeng etc,"Single Physical Layer U-Plane Architecture(SUPA) for Next Generation Internet". IEC Annual Review of IP Applications and Services,2004
[42] 张宏科．IPv6路由协议技术研究的现状和未来．电信技术，2003．7：10～13
[43] 杨建华等．OSPFv3协议一致性测试系统设计与实现．计算机应用，2003，No．7：18～21
[44] 刘霞，钱向红．新一代测试描述语言TTCN-3的研究与应用．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：168～171．
[45] 李秀峰等．IPv6协议测试技术的探讨．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：29～32．
[46] 古天龙，网络协议的形式化分析与设计．电子工业出版社．2003
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[60] Glenford J.Myers著，周之英，郑人杰译．计算机软件测试技巧．清华大学出版社．2001
[61] 姜志强．网络协议测试技术研究．西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文，1998
[62] 李津生，洪佩琳等编著．下一代Internet的网络技术．人民邮电出版社．2001
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[67] TTCN-3测试描述语言．http://www.etsi.org
[68] CNGI的建设．http://www.ipv6.net.cn
[69] Moonv6项目建设．http://moonv6.com
[70] 6-bone的建设．http://www.6bone.net.
[71] OpenTTCN语法语义在线分析器．http://www.openttcn.com
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