浅层稠油油藏低电阻成因机理研究与识别方法
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摘要
在准噶尔盆地西北缘九区南部齐古组稠油油藏滚动勘探、开发过程中,发现有些低于油层电测井解释标准的储层在取芯井中有稠油显示,经试油这些储集层具有很好的产能,经进一步研究与验证,确定了研究区内存在浅层低电阻稠油油藏(层)。
本论文依据研究区浅层低电阻稠油油藏成藏背景及油藏特点,以沉积学、储层地质学、岩石物理学和测井物理学等理论为基础,结合岩心测试分析和试油、试采等生产动态信息,从宏观上分析研究了区内齐古组J3q3层储集层沉积、微幅度构造、成藏模式等因素对稠油低电阻油藏(层)的形成与分布的控制作用;从微观上分析研究了储层岩石特征、粘土矿物、导电矿物、孔隙结构、孔隙类型等因素对形成稠油低电阻油藏(层)的影响;同时对储集层中束缚水饱和度、地层水矿化度、原油粘度等因素在形成稠油低电阻油藏(层)中的作用进行分析研究。
研究结果表明,九区南齐古组浅层稠油低电阻油藏(层)的形成主要受粘土附加导电性、高含水饱和度、导电矿物、含油性及原油粘度等因素的影响。①油藏处在盆地边缘斜坡上的辫状河三角洲平原亚相和前缘亚相,岩性较细,岩石分选较差,泥质含量增加,粘土矿物发育,粘土附加导电能力增强,从而形成低电阻率油层;②宏观上齐古组油藏是在单斜、低幅度构造背景上形成的次生浅层稠油油藏,构造对油水分布控制较弱,油水过度带较宽,导致次生成藏过程中地层水被驱替不彻底,造成储层含水饱和度较高,从而降低了储层电阻率;③储层在成岩阶段及成岩后还原环境下自生黄铁矿普遍发育,也是导致浅层稠油油藏低电阻油藏(层)形成的一个主要因素;④由于油藏埋藏浅及断裂发育,地层温度低,储集层内原油受淋滤氧化、微生物降解作用强烈,普遍形成高粘度稠油油藏,导致稠油油层电阻率偏高,但在远离断裂或封闭性较好的区块内原油稠变作用较弱,原油粘度较低,则形成相对较低电阻率稠油油层。
为充分利用已有测井资料和便于在老井区内对稠油低电阻油层进行复查,本论文利用九区南综合测井数据、试油试井及生产动态资料建立九区南齐古组稠油低电阻油层的测井解释模型,重新确定油水层解释标准;认识到密度测井是稠油低电阻油层识别的另一个重要参数;提出定性、半定量识别方法;对该区稠油低电阻油藏(层)在区内的平面上和垂向上的分布特征进行研究并做出预测。
通过以上研究,解决了困扰九区南稠油油藏滚动开发后备产能不足的地质难题,为九区南部的滚动开发提供新的认识和拓宽了找油思路。同时,为在九区内部老井区齐古组及其它层系进行低电阻率稠油油层的重新评价和复查提供可靠的理论依据和有效方法。这一研究成果应用于油田生产实践,使油层判别下限标准从28Ω·m降低到13Ω·m,大大地解放了油层,新增含油面积10.2km~2,新增探明储量1500×10~4t,取得了巨大经济效益和社会效益。
The ongoing exploration in the Jiuqunan Qigu Formation heavy-oil reservoir, which is located at the Karamay Oilfield in the northwestern margin of the Jungger Basin, revealed that heavy-oil occurs in some pays collected from drilling core, which is of lower logging resistivity than interpretation standard for poor oil-bearing reservoirs. Analysis indicates that they are of the potential of oil reservoir, and further research also confirms the occurrence of shallow low resistivity pay zones in the studied area.
Based on the forming characteristics and settings of shallow heavy-oil reservoirs, and combined with sedimentology, geology, lithological and logging physics, well test, production test and core experiment: from the macroscopic view, this dissertation analyzed sedimentation of the Qigu Formation J3q3 reservior pays and the control factors including reservoir sediment, micro-amplitude structure and reservoir model and their control on the formation and distribution of heavy oil low resistivity pay zone; from the microscopic view, it also discussed the influencing factors as characteristic of reservoir rock, clay minerals, conductivity minerals, pore texture and type; and analysed the influence of the bound water saturation, salinity of stratum water and oil viscosity.
The results shows that low resistivity heavy oil reservoirs in the Jiuqunan Qigu Formation are mainly controlled by the additive electric conductivities of clay, high water saturation, conductivity minerals(pyrite), and oil viscosity.①the reservoir locate in foreland subfacies and flatland subfacies of braided channel delta, its rock is fine and contains more clay minerals, enhance the ability of clay additional conducting, result in the lowing of resistivity;②the reservoir is a secondary shallow heavy-oil reservoir, and locate in a low amplitude structure area, result in high stratum water content and high water saturation, result in the lowing of resistivity;③a large number of authigenic pyrites formed in diagenetic stage and later is an important factor of forming the lowing of resistivity;④high viscosity heavy-oil lead to high resistivity, in the area of low viscosity forming a relatively low resistivity heavy-oil reservoir.
For using existing logging-data and easy to find the low resistivity heavy-oil reservoir in other oil fileds, this paper rebuilt the model of logging interpretation with Jiuqunan general logging-data, well test data and production test data. Confirmed DEN is an important parameter to identify the low resistivity heavy-oil pay. Provied quantitative and semi-quantitative identify methods. Researched and predicated the distribution of low resistivity heavy-oil pay in vertical and plane in Jiuqunan area.
The above study solved the geological problems of shorting heavy oil production capacity in rolling development and broaden the idea of looking for heavy-oil in Jiuqunan. Provided new reliable theoretical basis and effective methods to evaluate low resistivity heavy-oil pay in adjacent area. The research applied to the production of oil field, so that the low limit RT standard of oil discriminant from 28Ω·m down to 13Ω·m, added oil-bearing area 10.2km~2, added proved reserves 1500×10~4t, has made great economic and social benefits.
本论文依据研究区浅层低电阻稠油油藏成藏背景及油藏特点,以沉积学、储层地质学、岩石物理学和测井物理学等理论为基础,结合岩心测试分析和试油、试采等生产动态信息,从宏观上分析研究了区内齐古组J3q3层储集层沉积、微幅度构造、成藏模式等因素对稠油低电阻油藏(层)的形成与分布的控制作用;从微观上分析研究了储层岩石特征、粘土矿物、导电矿物、孔隙结构、孔隙类型等因素对形成稠油低电阻油藏(层)的影响;同时对储集层中束缚水饱和度、地层水矿化度、原油粘度等因素在形成稠油低电阻油藏(层)中的作用进行分析研究。
研究结果表明,九区南齐古组浅层稠油低电阻油藏(层)的形成主要受粘土附加导电性、高含水饱和度、导电矿物、含油性及原油粘度等因素的影响。①油藏处在盆地边缘斜坡上的辫状河三角洲平原亚相和前缘亚相,岩性较细,岩石分选较差,泥质含量增加,粘土矿物发育,粘土附加导电能力增强,从而形成低电阻率油层;②宏观上齐古组油藏是在单斜、低幅度构造背景上形成的次生浅层稠油油藏,构造对油水分布控制较弱,油水过度带较宽,导致次生成藏过程中地层水被驱替不彻底,造成储层含水饱和度较高,从而降低了储层电阻率;③储层在成岩阶段及成岩后还原环境下自生黄铁矿普遍发育,也是导致浅层稠油油藏低电阻油藏(层)形成的一个主要因素;④由于油藏埋藏浅及断裂发育,地层温度低,储集层内原油受淋滤氧化、微生物降解作用强烈,普遍形成高粘度稠油油藏,导致稠油油层电阻率偏高,但在远离断裂或封闭性较好的区块内原油稠变作用较弱,原油粘度较低,则形成相对较低电阻率稠油油层。
为充分利用已有测井资料和便于在老井区内对稠油低电阻油层进行复查,本论文利用九区南综合测井数据、试油试井及生产动态资料建立九区南齐古组稠油低电阻油层的测井解释模型,重新确定油水层解释标准;认识到密度测井是稠油低电阻油层识别的另一个重要参数;提出定性、半定量识别方法;对该区稠油低电阻油藏(层)在区内的平面上和垂向上的分布特征进行研究并做出预测。
通过以上研究,解决了困扰九区南稠油油藏滚动开发后备产能不足的地质难题,为九区南部的滚动开发提供新的认识和拓宽了找油思路。同时,为在九区内部老井区齐古组及其它层系进行低电阻率稠油油层的重新评价和复查提供可靠的理论依据和有效方法。这一研究成果应用于油田生产实践,使油层判别下限标准从28Ω·m降低到13Ω·m,大大地解放了油层,新增含油面积10.2km~2,新增探明储量1500×10~4t,取得了巨大经济效益和社会效益。
The ongoing exploration in the Jiuqunan Qigu Formation heavy-oil reservoir, which is located at the Karamay Oilfield in the northwestern margin of the Jungger Basin, revealed that heavy-oil occurs in some pays collected from drilling core, which is of lower logging resistivity than interpretation standard for poor oil-bearing reservoirs. Analysis indicates that they are of the potential of oil reservoir, and further research also confirms the occurrence of shallow low resistivity pay zones in the studied area.
Based on the forming characteristics and settings of shallow heavy-oil reservoirs, and combined with sedimentology, geology, lithological and logging physics, well test, production test and core experiment: from the macroscopic view, this dissertation analyzed sedimentation of the Qigu Formation J3q3 reservior pays and the control factors including reservoir sediment, micro-amplitude structure and reservoir model and their control on the formation and distribution of heavy oil low resistivity pay zone; from the microscopic view, it also discussed the influencing factors as characteristic of reservoir rock, clay minerals, conductivity minerals, pore texture and type; and analysed the influence of the bound water saturation, salinity of stratum water and oil viscosity.
The results shows that low resistivity heavy oil reservoirs in the Jiuqunan Qigu Formation are mainly controlled by the additive electric conductivities of clay, high water saturation, conductivity minerals(pyrite), and oil viscosity.①the reservoir locate in foreland subfacies and flatland subfacies of braided channel delta, its rock is fine and contains more clay minerals, enhance the ability of clay additional conducting, result in the lowing of resistivity;②the reservoir is a secondary shallow heavy-oil reservoir, and locate in a low amplitude structure area, result in high stratum water content and high water saturation, result in the lowing of resistivity;③a large number of authigenic pyrites formed in diagenetic stage and later is an important factor of forming the lowing of resistivity;④high viscosity heavy-oil lead to high resistivity, in the area of low viscosity forming a relatively low resistivity heavy-oil reservoir.
For using existing logging-data and easy to find the low resistivity heavy-oil reservoir in other oil fileds, this paper rebuilt the model of logging interpretation with Jiuqunan general logging-data, well test data and production test data. Confirmed DEN is an important parameter to identify the low resistivity heavy-oil pay. Provied quantitative and semi-quantitative identify methods. Researched and predicated the distribution of low resistivity heavy-oil pay in vertical and plane in Jiuqunan area.
The above study solved the geological problems of shorting heavy oil production capacity in rolling development and broaden the idea of looking for heavy-oil in Jiuqunan. Provided new reliable theoretical basis and effective methods to evaluate low resistivity heavy-oil pay in adjacent area. The research applied to the production of oil field, so that the low limit RT standard of oil discriminant from 28Ω·m down to 13Ω·m, added oil-bearing area 10.2km~2, added proved reserves 1500×10~4t, has made great economic and social benefits.
引文
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