桓仁铅锌矿深部开采隔离矿柱留设方案研究
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摘要
地下矿床开采必然形成采空区,而采空区的形成,使周边一定范围的岩体应力重新分布,导致岩石变形、破坏和移动,成为生产的安全隐患。随着国内一部分矿山进入深部开采,由采空区引起的地压问题更加突出。
本文总结归纳了国内外采空区分类情况以及采空区处理的主要方法,详细阐述了采空区处理的几个关键问题。提出隔离矿柱的概念,并对隔离矿柱的作用、影响因素、适用条件等进行详细阐述。依据桓仁铅锌矿实际情况,对不同情况下留设隔离矿柱方案进行分析讨论,为矿山安全生产提供依据。本文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)对桓仁铅锌矿的两个生产坑口(向阳坑和松兰坑)现有的采空区进行现场详细调查,查清了对矿山深部开采有影响的大型采空区的暴露面积、暴露时间、最大跨度等详细信息。
(2)通过大量的岩石力学试验及对已有采空区失稳破坏情况的反演分析,确定了主要岩石力学参数。
(3)依据桓仁铅锌矿实际情况,确定隔离矿柱留设方案,应用三维FLAC软件,对隔离矿柱多种留设方案进行对比分析,确定了确保深部安全开采的隔离矿柱的主要结构参数。
(4)依据松兰坑下部全面法开采的实际情况,通过数值模拟分析,确定合理的全面法采矿结构参数。
(5)依据已经确定的隔离矿柱留设方案,通过应力场分析,确定了应力集中和可能的破坏区位置,提出针对性的地压监测方案,保证矿山安全生产。
The mine-out area, which is inevitably experienced during undergoudn mining, may lead to the stress redistribution in the surrounding rockmass, the deformation, failure and statra movement, and thereore it is one of potential safety problems in mines. As the undergoung mine goes deep, the ground pressure problems caused by mined-out area become more prominent.
Based on the summary of main categories of mine-out area and their processing methods, several key related issues are discussed. The basic function, influential factors and applicable conditions of isolation pillar are summaried, and based on actual situation of Huanren lead-zinc mine, the layout of the isolation pillar under different circumstances is presented, which lays the basis for the mining safety. The main work is as follows::
(1)The existing mined-out areas in the two stopes of huanren mining are investigated in detail, and based on which, the details of the large mined-out area that may influence the deep mining, such as exposed area, the exposure time and the largest span, are understood.
(2)Through a large amount of rock mechanics test and the comprehensive analysis on the instability damage of the existing mined-out area, the main rock mechanics parameters are determined.
(3) According to the actual situation at Huanren lead-zinc mine, the schemes of the isolation pillars are determined. By utilizing the three-dimensional FLAC software, a variety of selected schems for isolation pillars are compared and analyzed to determine the structural parameters of the isolation pillar in order for ensuring the safety of deep mining.
(4) Based on the actual situation of the longwall mining method in songlan stope, by using the numerical simulation analysis, the reasonable structural parameters of this mining method are determined.
(5) According to the stress analysis of the isolation pillars that have been selected, the location where the stress concentration and possible damage may occur, are determined. The ground pressure monitoring measures to ensure the mining safety are put forward
本文总结归纳了国内外采空区分类情况以及采空区处理的主要方法,详细阐述了采空区处理的几个关键问题。提出隔离矿柱的概念,并对隔离矿柱的作用、影响因素、适用条件等进行详细阐述。依据桓仁铅锌矿实际情况,对不同情况下留设隔离矿柱方案进行分析讨论,为矿山安全生产提供依据。本文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)对桓仁铅锌矿的两个生产坑口(向阳坑和松兰坑)现有的采空区进行现场详细调查,查清了对矿山深部开采有影响的大型采空区的暴露面积、暴露时间、最大跨度等详细信息。
(2)通过大量的岩石力学试验及对已有采空区失稳破坏情况的反演分析,确定了主要岩石力学参数。
(3)依据桓仁铅锌矿实际情况,确定隔离矿柱留设方案,应用三维FLAC软件,对隔离矿柱多种留设方案进行对比分析,确定了确保深部安全开采的隔离矿柱的主要结构参数。
(4)依据松兰坑下部全面法开采的实际情况,通过数值模拟分析,确定合理的全面法采矿结构参数。
(5)依据已经确定的隔离矿柱留设方案,通过应力场分析,确定了应力集中和可能的破坏区位置,提出针对性的地压监测方案,保证矿山安全生产。
The mine-out area, which is inevitably experienced during undergoudn mining, may lead to the stress redistribution in the surrounding rockmass, the deformation, failure and statra movement, and thereore it is one of potential safety problems in mines. As the undergoung mine goes deep, the ground pressure problems caused by mined-out area become more prominent.
Based on the summary of main categories of mine-out area and their processing methods, several key related issues are discussed. The basic function, influential factors and applicable conditions of isolation pillar are summaried, and based on actual situation of Huanren lead-zinc mine, the layout of the isolation pillar under different circumstances is presented, which lays the basis for the mining safety. The main work is as follows::
(1)The existing mined-out areas in the two stopes of huanren mining are investigated in detail, and based on which, the details of the large mined-out area that may influence the deep mining, such as exposed area, the exposure time and the largest span, are understood.
(2)Through a large amount of rock mechanics test and the comprehensive analysis on the instability damage of the existing mined-out area, the main rock mechanics parameters are determined.
(3) According to the actual situation at Huanren lead-zinc mine, the schemes of the isolation pillars are determined. By utilizing the three-dimensional FLAC software, a variety of selected schems for isolation pillars are compared and analyzed to determine the structural parameters of the isolation pillar in order for ensuring the safety of deep mining.
(4) Based on the actual situation of the longwall mining method in songlan stope, by using the numerical simulation analysis, the reasonable structural parameters of this mining method are determined.
(5) According to the stress analysis of the isolation pillars that have been selected, the location where the stress concentration and possible damage may occur, are determined. The ground pressure monitoring measures to ensure the mining safety are put forward
引文
[1].桓仁矿业公司地质灾害治理及资源可持续开采与综合利用可行性研究报告[R],辽宁省环境检测总站,2007
[2].桓仁铜锌矿竖井保安矿柱回采方案研究报告[R],东北工学院,1991
[3].桓仁铜锌矿采空区住宅群稳定性分析[R],东北大学,1994
[4].董峻岭、庞曰宏、任吉明.全面采矿法研究与应用[J],矿业快报,2006,67-68
[5].李明、伍衡山、李蒲姣等.浅孔留矿法在国内矿山应用的若干技术问题[J],采矿技术,4(2)2004.6,1-3
[6].郭建伟、孙国飞、朱扬明.浅述留矿采矿法在我国的应用[J],黄金,23卷,19-23
[7].刘德强、吴仲雄.留矿全面法在德保铜矿的应用[J],广西大学学报,29(3),236-239
[8].焦永会、黄昊.留矿全面采矿法在庙岭金矿的应用实践[J],黄金,26(8),25-27
[9].霍米亚科夫著.国外矿山充填经验[M].长沙矿山研究院,1989
[10].蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[11].杨殿编著.金属矿床地下开采[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1999
[12].周崇仁.矿柱回采与空区处理[M].冶金工业出版社,1989
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[14].王彦武,曹维勤,陈德标.采空区充填治理封闭工程设计与施工[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(1)：4-5.
[15].乔春生,田治友.大团山矿床采空区处理方法[J].中国有色金属学报,1998,8(4)；734-738.
[16].任高峰,王官宝,石栓虎.特大地下采空区稳定性评价及处理措施[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005(2)：22-25.
[17].郑怀昌,张晓君.大规模采空区灾害控制技术研究[J].IM&P化工矿物与加工,2005(12)：18-20.
[18].张晓君.影响采空区稳定性的因素敏感性分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1)：14-16.
[19].卢清国,蔡美峰.采空区下方厚矿体安全开采的研究与决策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1)：86-91.
[20].大宝山矿业有限公司铜业分公司采空区处理充填工艺与技术[R].中南大学,2005
[21].姜福兴,宋振骐.采场来压预测预报专家系统的基础研究[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(3)：225-228.
[22].徐东强,谢源.大姚铜矿采场围岩破坏时的声发射特征[J].中国矿业,1993,2(2)：42-46.
[23].张绍国,王新民,姚建等.采空区稳定性的非线性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(6)：908-911.
[24].李纯青,姚香.采空区处理新技术的理论研究及应用实践[J].黄金,2004,3(25)：2-3.
[25].郑怀昌,赵小稚,李明,张军等.采空区顶板大面积冒落危害及其控制[J].IM&P化工矿物与加工,2004(12)：28-31.
[26].熊仁钦.顶板大面积冒落破坏机理的研究[J].煤炭学报,1995(6)：38-41.
[27].刘敦文,古德生,徐国元.地下矿山采空区处理方法的评价与优选[J].中国矿业,2004,13(8)：52-55.
[28].李兆平,张弥.南京铅锌银矿地下采空区的治理[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(2)：5862.
[29].刘跃伟.采用硐室爆破处理德兴铜矿采空区[J].工程爆破,1998,4(3)：55-57.
[30].李俊平,彭作为,周创兵等.木架山采空区处理方案研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22)：3884-3890.
[31].Hoek E,Brown E T.Underground Excavation in Rock.London:Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1980
[32].ZHAO Wen.The Rock Failure and Fall of the Large Underground Mined out Area[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science).2001,12 (4): 45-49
[33].张志强,关宝树,翁汉民.岩爆发生条件的基本分析[J].铁道学报,1998,20(4),82-85
[34].李燕辉.再论岩爆的预测与防治[J].四川水利,1994,15(4),20-24
[35].徐林生,王兰生.岩爆形成机理研究[J].重庆大学学报,2001,24(2),115-121
[36].姜彤,李华晔,刘汉东.岩爆理论研究现状[J].华北水利水电学院学报,1998,19(1),45-47
[37].杨伟忠,刘优平,黎剑华等.地下工程岩爆的倾向性预测[J].中国钨业,2007,22(4),18-21
[38].平朔安家岭露井矿之间岩体(边坡)稳定性技术咨询报告,研究报告,中国国际工程咨询公司,2004
[39].刘波,韩彦辉(美国).FLAC原理实例与应用指南[M],北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[40].郭建平.光应力计监测采空区稳定性在遂昌金矿的应用[J],有色金属,2004,56(3),115-117
[2].桓仁铜锌矿竖井保安矿柱回采方案研究报告[R],东北工学院,1991
[3].桓仁铜锌矿采空区住宅群稳定性分析[R],东北大学,1994
[4].董峻岭、庞曰宏、任吉明.全面采矿法研究与应用[J],矿业快报,2006,67-68
[5].李明、伍衡山、李蒲姣等.浅孔留矿法在国内矿山应用的若干技术问题[J],采矿技术,4(2)2004.6,1-3
[6].郭建伟、孙国飞、朱扬明.浅述留矿采矿法在我国的应用[J],黄金,23卷,19-23
[7].刘德强、吴仲雄.留矿全面法在德保铜矿的应用[J],广西大学学报,29(3),236-239
[8].焦永会、黄昊.留矿全面采矿法在庙岭金矿的应用实践[J],黄金,26(8),25-27
[9].霍米亚科夫著.国外矿山充填经验[M].长沙矿山研究院,1989
[10].蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[11].杨殿编著.金属矿床地下开采[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1999
[12].周崇仁.矿柱回采与空区处理[M].冶金工业出版社,1989
[13].段宗银.采空区处理的探讨和实践[J].昆明冶金高等专科学校学报,2001,17(2)：3-4.
[14].王彦武,曹维勤,陈德标.采空区充填治理封闭工程设计与施工[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(1)：4-5.
[15].乔春生,田治友.大团山矿床采空区处理方法[J].中国有色金属学报,1998,8(4)；734-738.
[16].任高峰,王官宝,石栓虎.特大地下采空区稳定性评价及处理措施[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005(2)：22-25.
[17].郑怀昌,张晓君.大规模采空区灾害控制技术研究[J].IM&P化工矿物与加工,2005(12)：18-20.
[18].张晓君.影响采空区稳定性的因素敏感性分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1)：14-16.
[19].卢清国,蔡美峰.采空区下方厚矿体安全开采的研究与决策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1)：86-91.
[20].大宝山矿业有限公司铜业分公司采空区处理充填工艺与技术[R].中南大学,2005
[21].姜福兴,宋振骐.采场来压预测预报专家系统的基础研究[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(3)：225-228.
[22].徐东强,谢源.大姚铜矿采场围岩破坏时的声发射特征[J].中国矿业,1993,2(2)：42-46.
[23].张绍国,王新民,姚建等.采空区稳定性的非线性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(6)：908-911.
[24].李纯青,姚香.采空区处理新技术的理论研究及应用实践[J].黄金,2004,3(25)：2-3.
[25].郑怀昌,赵小稚,李明,张军等.采空区顶板大面积冒落危害及其控制[J].IM&P化工矿物与加工,2004(12)：28-31.
[26].熊仁钦.顶板大面积冒落破坏机理的研究[J].煤炭学报,1995(6)：38-41.
[27].刘敦文,古德生,徐国元.地下矿山采空区处理方法的评价与优选[J].中国矿业,2004,13(8)：52-55.
[28].李兆平,张弥.南京铅锌银矿地下采空区的治理[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1999,10(2)：5862.
[29].刘跃伟.采用硐室爆破处理德兴铜矿采空区[J].工程爆破,1998,4(3)：55-57.
[30].李俊平,彭作为,周创兵等.木架山采空区处理方案研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22)：3884-3890.
[31].Hoek E,Brown E T.Underground Excavation in Rock.London:Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1980
[32].ZHAO Wen.The Rock Failure and Fall of the Large Underground Mined out Area[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science).2001,12 (4): 45-49
[33].张志强,关宝树,翁汉民.岩爆发生条件的基本分析[J].铁道学报,1998,20(4),82-85
[34].李燕辉.再论岩爆的预测与防治[J].四川水利,1994,15(4),20-24
[35].徐林生,王兰生.岩爆形成机理研究[J].重庆大学学报,2001,24(2),115-121
[36].姜彤,李华晔,刘汉东.岩爆理论研究现状[J].华北水利水电学院学报,1998,19(1),45-47
[37].杨伟忠,刘优平,黎剑华等.地下工程岩爆的倾向性预测[J].中国钨业,2007,22(4),18-21
[38].平朔安家岭露井矿之间岩体(边坡)稳定性技术咨询报告,研究报告,中国国际工程咨询公司,2004
[39].刘波,韩彦辉(美国).FLAC原理实例与应用指南[M],北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[40].郭建平.光应力计监测采空区稳定性在遂昌金矿的应用[J],有色金属,2004,56(3),115-117
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