服装生产工艺计算机辅助编排与计划（CAPP）系统的开发与研究
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摘要
本论文是在对实际服装厂具体服装款式缝制流水线的调查、分析和研究的基础上，结合服装生产工艺编排的理论知识，提出了服装生产工艺计算机辅助编排与计划CAPP(Computer Aided Processing PIan)系统的一种基本思想。
论文首先阐述了服装工业的发展过程和生产性质，指出在服装生产中运用计算机进行辅助设计和制造的必要性。接着在论述服装生产工艺编排方法及特性的基础上，简单介绍了服装CAPP系统，并探讨了在服装行业需大力进行CAPP研究的原因。论文还分析了当前服装CAPP系统的研究发展状况和存在问题及原因。
论文的重点部分是对服装生产工艺编排与计划的主要内容进行理论研究的基础上，结合服装企业的具体生产情况，开发出以服装生产流水线工序合并与平衡为侧重点的CAPP系统。本系统按照技术路线，将其划分为信息输入、产品描述、工艺生成、工艺编辑、打印输出和系统维护六个功能模块。即根据服装企业的成衣生产加工过程，对各服装款式按外在款式和内在结构进行描述，通过选择各部位的款式和结构种类，读取款式描述码和结构描述码，然后，通过对工艺知识库的检索提取相应的工艺信息，生成工艺流程图、工艺规程、工艺操作等工艺文件，指导实际生产。其中关键技术在于编码和知识库结构的设计。本系统的编码体系不仅包括：主码—组节码，还设计了类型码、优化码等辅码，使得按最简原则划分的任一服装款式产品的工艺都能描述明白，解决了工艺检索的唯一性问题。其知识库结构的设计也充分利用了系统资源，并做到便于维护，安全可靠。本系统已建立男西装、男衬衫、女衬衫等工艺知识。
本文还对CAPP的重点、难点技术问题——工序合并规则与工序平衡算法作了初步的分析和研究，即在总结工序合并规则的基础上，根据服装生产流水线的生产特点采用目前应用最广泛的一种系统优化方法——线性规划法，将流水线平衡问题转化为线性规划问题，利用系统的基本信息(如订货批量、交货期限等)生成工艺平衡的目标函数，以合并规则、合并概率为约束条件进行计算。合并规则与平衡算法是CAPP系统使用程度的基础与标志，本系统较好的解决了这一问题。
该系统还可实现已有工艺文件的检索、修改和新工艺文件的新建等编辑，且各工艺文件能按具体格式打印输出。
总之整个系统的设计基本达到目前服装企业的生产需要，有一定的实用性，对于服装CIMS的发展也起到了一定的促进作用。
By investigating and analyzing the sewing assembly line of actual apparel factory, and with the theoretic knowledge of process design, this thesis put forward a basic idea of Computer Aided Processing Plan (CAPP) system on garment production.
First the thesis introduced the development processes of garment industry and its production property, pointed out the necessity to use computer to design and manufacture in garment manufacturing. Then based on explaining the method and characteristic of process planning in garment production, simply introduced the garment CAPP system, and indicated the reasons why to study CAPP in garment industry. The thesis also analyzed its development situation, problems and courses at the present time.
The key part of this thesis is by studying the main aspects of process planning and with the practical production in enterprise, developed one CAPP system, which stressed on processing balance in assembly line. According to the technical course, the system is divided into six function models: information input; product describing; process building; process edit; print and output; maintenance. Namely according to the production process in garment enterprise describes its outer style and inner structure of each fashion. By selecting the style and structure of each part, the system can get the code. Then by searching the process knowledge library, it extracts the corresponding process information and generates Flow Diagram, Process Specification and Process Operation to direct the production. The design of code and the structure of knowledge library is the key technology. The code system in this paper includes: the main code-group code, the assistant code-types code and optimize code, which can describe the process of any garment product clearly and it is the only one. The design of knowledge library also makes good use of the system's resource and easy to maintain. This system has built up the knowledge library of men's suit and shirt, blouse.
This paper also preliminarily studied the technical problem, which is key and difficult for the CAPP - the merging rules and balancing arithmetic of working procedure. By summing up the merging rules and with the production characteristic of garment assembly line, adopted one optimize - linear programming method, which has been applied widely at present. Turning the balancing matter to the linear programming matter, the system uses some basic information such as the order size and the deadline to generate its target programming and the rules and probability of merging are its restriction. The rules and the balancing arithmetic are the basis and indicate of the using grade for CAPP system, this system solved the problem preferably.
The system can search, modify the existed files and buildup the new files. Its process files also can be printed and outputted according to certain form.
In a word, the design of the whole system fundamentally meets the current production requirements of the garment enterprises. It has a certain utility and contributes positively to the development of garment CIMS.
论文首先阐述了服装工业的发展过程和生产性质，指出在服装生产中运用计算机进行辅助设计和制造的必要性。接着在论述服装生产工艺编排方法及特性的基础上，简单介绍了服装CAPP系统，并探讨了在服装行业需大力进行CAPP研究的原因。论文还分析了当前服装CAPP系统的研究发展状况和存在问题及原因。
论文的重点部分是对服装生产工艺编排与计划的主要内容进行理论研究的基础上，结合服装企业的具体生产情况，开发出以服装生产流水线工序合并与平衡为侧重点的CAPP系统。本系统按照技术路线，将其划分为信息输入、产品描述、工艺生成、工艺编辑、打印输出和系统维护六个功能模块。即根据服装企业的成衣生产加工过程，对各服装款式按外在款式和内在结构进行描述，通过选择各部位的款式和结构种类，读取款式描述码和结构描述码，然后，通过对工艺知识库的检索提取相应的工艺信息，生成工艺流程图、工艺规程、工艺操作等工艺文件，指导实际生产。其中关键技术在于编码和知识库结构的设计。本系统的编码体系不仅包括：主码—组节码，还设计了类型码、优化码等辅码，使得按最简原则划分的任一服装款式产品的工艺都能描述明白，解决了工艺检索的唯一性问题。其知识库结构的设计也充分利用了系统资源，并做到便于维护，安全可靠。本系统已建立男西装、男衬衫、女衬衫等工艺知识。
本文还对CAPP的重点、难点技术问题——工序合并规则与工序平衡算法作了初步的分析和研究，即在总结工序合并规则的基础上，根据服装生产流水线的生产特点采用目前应用最广泛的一种系统优化方法——线性规划法，将流水线平衡问题转化为线性规划问题，利用系统的基本信息(如订货批量、交货期限等)生成工艺平衡的目标函数，以合并规则、合并概率为约束条件进行计算。合并规则与平衡算法是CAPP系统使用程度的基础与标志，本系统较好的解决了这一问题。
该系统还可实现已有工艺文件的检索、修改和新工艺文件的新建等编辑，且各工艺文件能按具体格式打印输出。
总之整个系统的设计基本达到目前服装企业的生产需要，有一定的实用性，对于服装CIMS的发展也起到了一定的促进作用。
By investigating and analyzing the sewing assembly line of actual apparel factory, and with the theoretic knowledge of process design, this thesis put forward a basic idea of Computer Aided Processing Plan (CAPP) system on garment production.
First the thesis introduced the development processes of garment industry and its production property, pointed out the necessity to use computer to design and manufacture in garment manufacturing. Then based on explaining the method and characteristic of process planning in garment production, simply introduced the garment CAPP system, and indicated the reasons why to study CAPP in garment industry. The thesis also analyzed its development situation, problems and courses at the present time.
The key part of this thesis is by studying the main aspects of process planning and with the practical production in enterprise, developed one CAPP system, which stressed on processing balance in assembly line. According to the technical course, the system is divided into six function models: information input; product describing; process building; process edit; print and output; maintenance. Namely according to the production process in garment enterprise describes its outer style and inner structure of each fashion. By selecting the style and structure of each part, the system can get the code. Then by searching the process knowledge library, it extracts the corresponding process information and generates Flow Diagram, Process Specification and Process Operation to direct the production. The design of code and the structure of knowledge library is the key technology. The code system in this paper includes: the main code-group code, the assistant code-types code and optimize code, which can describe the process of any garment product clearly and it is the only one. The design of knowledge library also makes good use of the system's resource and easy to maintain. This system has built up the knowledge library of men's suit and shirt, blouse.
This paper also preliminarily studied the technical problem, which is key and difficult for the CAPP - the merging rules and balancing arithmetic of working procedure. By summing up the merging rules and with the production characteristic of garment assembly line, adopted one optimize - linear programming method, which has been applied widely at present. Turning the balancing matter to the linear programming matter, the system uses some basic information such as the order size and the deadline to generate its target programming and the rules and probability of merging are its restriction. The rules and the balancing arithmetic are the basis and indicate of the using grade for CAPP system, this system solved the problem preferably.
The system can search, modify the existed files and buildup the new files. Its process files also can be printed and outputted according to certain form.
In a word, the design of the whole system fundamentally meets the current production requirements of the garment enterprises. It has a certain utility and contributes positively to the development of garment CIMS.
引文
1. Sundaresan Jayaraman. Design and Development of an Architecture for Computer Integrated Manufacturing in the Apparel Industry. Textile Research Journal, 1990, 60(5, 6):247-254, 351-360.
2. Braithwaite. A, Hands-off clothing production, Textile Asia, 1991.
3. T.C.Somers Cocks and S, C Harlock, Computer-aided Simulation of Production in the Sewing Room of a Clothing Factory, J. Text Inst 1989, 80 NO3.
4. Chi Leung Patrick Hui and Sau Fun Frency Ng. A study of the effect of time variations for assembly line balancing in the clothing industry. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 1999, (4):181～188
5．王文胜等，计算机辅助服装工艺计划(CAPP)研究．上海纺织科技，1994，(5)：54～57
6．钟漫天等著．当代服装科技文化．中国纺织出版社，1998
7．张爽等．论CAPP在服装生产中的应用．北京服装学院学报，1999，19(2)，70～73
8．姜蕾．成衣生产线的类型与特点．中外缝制设备，2000，(1)：25～28
9．欧阳心力．服装缝制作业中动作、时间问题探微(上)，服装科技，2000，(2)：10～11
10．刘国联(译)．服装生产流水线的设计．国外纺织技术，针织、服装分册，1994，(3)：39～41
11．许树文等．微型计算机辅助服装缝纫流水线优化设计．中国纺织大学学报，1992，18(6)：43～51
12．许树文．服装厂的工厂设计与流水线设计的要领(一)．中外缝制设备，1998，(4)：27～28
13．姜蕾．女士内衣缝制生产线设计．中外缝制设备，2000，(5)：10～14
14．李世波．服装生产企业的重点管理技术．北京纺织，1994，(2)：17～18
15．范福军．服装CAPP开发构想．陕西纺织，2000，(2)：41～43
16．胡洛燕等．计算机辅助服装工艺计划(CAPP)技术分析．郑州纺织工学院学报，1999，10(2)：17～22
17．姜蕾．时装缝制流水线设计．中外缝制设备，2001，(1)：18～20
18．胡觉亮等．服装生产流水线的优化运行模型．纺织学报，2001，22(3)：59～60
19．运筹学教材编写组．运筹学．清华大学出版社，1999
2. Braithwaite. A, Hands-off clothing production, Textile Asia, 1991.
3. T.C.Somers Cocks and S, C Harlock, Computer-aided Simulation of Production in the Sewing Room of a Clothing Factory, J. Text Inst 1989, 80 NO3.
4. Chi Leung Patrick Hui and Sau Fun Frency Ng. A study of the effect of time variations for assembly line balancing in the clothing industry. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 1999, (4):181～188
5．王文胜等，计算机辅助服装工艺计划(CAPP)研究．上海纺织科技，1994，(5)：54～57
6．钟漫天等著．当代服装科技文化．中国纺织出版社，1998
7．张爽等．论CAPP在服装生产中的应用．北京服装学院学报，1999，19(2)，70～73
8．姜蕾．成衣生产线的类型与特点．中外缝制设备，2000，(1)：25～28
9．欧阳心力．服装缝制作业中动作、时间问题探微(上)，服装科技，2000，(2)：10～11
10．刘国联(译)．服装生产流水线的设计．国外纺织技术，针织、服装分册，1994，(3)：39～41
11．许树文等．微型计算机辅助服装缝纫流水线优化设计．中国纺织大学学报，1992，18(6)：43～51
12．许树文．服装厂的工厂设计与流水线设计的要领(一)．中外缝制设备，1998，(4)：27～28
13．姜蕾．女士内衣缝制生产线设计．中外缝制设备，2000，(5)：10～14
14．李世波．服装生产企业的重点管理技术．北京纺织，1994，(2)：17～18
15．范福军．服装CAPP开发构想．陕西纺织，2000，(2)：41～43
16．胡洛燕等．计算机辅助服装工艺计划(CAPP)技术分析．郑州纺织工学院学报，1999，10(2)：17～22
17．姜蕾．时装缝制流水线设计．中外缝制设备，2001，(1)：18～20
18．胡觉亮等．服装生产流水线的优化运行模型．纺织学报，2001，22(3)：59～60
19．运筹学教材编写组．运筹学．清华大学出版社，1999