染料脱色真菌的筛选与脱色条件的研究头头是
摘要
近年来，关于微生物对染料的脱色及降解进行了广泛的研究，已经有许多可脱色染料的微生物的报道。我们通过富集筛选，从保定市某化工厂废水中分离到7株具有较强脱色效果的真菌。此7株菌分别为密丝明孢曲霉属(Sartorga)、青霉属(Penicillium)、黄丝曲霉属(Talaromyces)、组丝核菌属(Phacodium)、麦氏曲霉属(Magnusia)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)。
本文研究了碳源、氮源、温度、pH、装液量、染料浓度对脱色率的影响；混合培养对染料的脱色效果，探讨了菌丝球的重复使用及寿命；同时进行了环境条件对拟内孢霉脱色的试验。实验结果如下：
1．KL-1、10B-1、NG-2以纤维素为碳源时脱色率在90％以上；10B-2以糊精为碳源脱色率达到96.3％。其它菌种以玉米浆为碳源较好。玉米浆、NH_4Cl是多数菌种的良好氮源，但由于玉米浆价格低廉、容易得到，考虑到实际应用，以后的试验采用玉米浆为氮源。
2．不同的真菌达到最大脱色率时的温度不同，多在25℃～28℃之间具有最佳的脱色效果；KL-1、HL、NG-3、NG-2、10B-2在pH为5的条件下脱色率最高。NG-1、10B-1在pH值为4时脱色率最高；装液量脱色率也有影响，NG-1菌的脱色率随装液量的增加而降低；KL-1、NG-2、NG-3菌在装液量为50ml时脱色率最高，10B-1在90ml时脱色率大幅度下降；KL-1、HL、NG-2、10B-2及NG-3均可耐受高浓度染料。以上菌株对染料的降解率最大只为20.6％，可见大部分为染料吸附，少部分为降解。
3．混合菌种比单一菌种对染料的耐受性强，对芳胺的最大降解率可达96.39％，对染料的降解率可达100％；菌丝球在重复使用8次后仍有较高的脱色率。
4．拟内孢霉对偶氮染料酸性黑NG、酸性黑10B、活性红在pH5时具有较好的脱色效果。菌株可以耐受一定的染料浓度并且对重金属Hg~(2+)、Ag~+、Cu~(2+)也有一定的耐受性。
In recent years, a number of studies have been done on some microorganisms which are able to biodegrade and biosorb dyes in wastewater. There are many reports about a wide variety of microorganisms which can decolorize dyes. Seven decolorizing strains are screened from the wastewater of the 3rd chemical factory in Baoding. By classic methods of fungus identification, their taxonomic station had been identified. According to their morphologica characteristics and colony features, two strains of them belong to Apergillus ,the others belong to Penicillium , Phacodium, Magnusia, Sartorya, Talaromyces. The seven fungus could mainly biosorb dyes but not biodegradate.
The paper studied carbon resource, nitrogen resource, temperature, pH, volume of culture, and concentration of dyes on decolorization rate. At the same time, the test of reusing fungus pellet and the effect of environment condition on endomycopsi.sp. were studied too. The results showed:
l.The strain of KL-l,10N-l,NG-2 could utilize cellulose as carbon source and the decolorization rates were above 90%.Dextrin was used as the carbon source by 10B-2 and decolorization rate was 96.3%.The other strains' carbon source is com steep liquor. The effect of NHUCl and corn steep liquor were better than others as nitrogen resources, but corn steep liquor was cheaper. Then the following test, com steep liquor was used as nitrogen resources.
2.When the temperature was between 25?-28?, most strains showed the best decolorizing result. Different strains had different optimum pH. The optimum pH of KL-1,HL,NG-3,MG-1,10B-1 was 5;NG-1 and 10B-1 was 4. With the volume of culture increased, the decolorization rate of NG-1 was decreased. When the volume of KL-l,NG-2,NG-3 was 50ml, the decolorization rate was the highest. The
___________________________________________Abstract____________________________________________
decolorization rate was decreased mostly when the volume of culture was
90ml.KL-l,HL,NG-2,10B-2 and NG-3 could endure higher dyes' concentration. The
best result of biodegrade rate was only 20.6%,which showed the effect was mainly
caused by biosorb, not by biodegrade.
3.The endurance ability of Mixed strains was better than single strains. The max biodegrade rate
to aromatic amine compound was 96.39%, and 100% to dyes. The decolorization rate of
reusing fungus pellet was still higher after being used 8 times.
4.The decolorization rate of endomycopsi.sp. to acid black NG, acid black 10B and
active red was best at pHS.O.The strain could endure higher concentration of dyes and
Hg2+. Ag+. Cu2+. heavy metal ions.
本文研究了碳源、氮源、温度、pH、装液量、染料浓度对脱色率的影响；混合培养对染料的脱色效果，探讨了菌丝球的重复使用及寿命；同时进行了环境条件对拟内孢霉脱色的试验。实验结果如下：
1．KL-1、10B-1、NG-2以纤维素为碳源时脱色率在90％以上；10B-2以糊精为碳源脱色率达到96.3％。其它菌种以玉米浆为碳源较好。玉米浆、NH_4Cl是多数菌种的良好氮源，但由于玉米浆价格低廉、容易得到，考虑到实际应用，以后的试验采用玉米浆为氮源。
2．不同的真菌达到最大脱色率时的温度不同，多在25℃～28℃之间具有最佳的脱色效果；KL-1、HL、NG-3、NG-2、10B-2在pH为5的条件下脱色率最高。NG-1、10B-1在pH值为4时脱色率最高；装液量脱色率也有影响，NG-1菌的脱色率随装液量的增加而降低；KL-1、NG-2、NG-3菌在装液量为50ml时脱色率最高，10B-1在90ml时脱色率大幅度下降；KL-1、HL、NG-2、10B-2及NG-3均可耐受高浓度染料。以上菌株对染料的降解率最大只为20.6％，可见大部分为染料吸附，少部分为降解。
3．混合菌种比单一菌种对染料的耐受性强，对芳胺的最大降解率可达96.39％，对染料的降解率可达100％；菌丝球在重复使用8次后仍有较高的脱色率。
4．拟内孢霉对偶氮染料酸性黑NG、酸性黑10B、活性红在pH5时具有较好的脱色效果。菌株可以耐受一定的染料浓度并且对重金属Hg~(2+)、Ag~+、Cu~(2+)也有一定的耐受性。
In recent years, a number of studies have been done on some microorganisms which are able to biodegrade and biosorb dyes in wastewater. There are many reports about a wide variety of microorganisms which can decolorize dyes. Seven decolorizing strains are screened from the wastewater of the 3rd chemical factory in Baoding. By classic methods of fungus identification, their taxonomic station had been identified. According to their morphologica characteristics and colony features, two strains of them belong to Apergillus ,the others belong to Penicillium , Phacodium, Magnusia, Sartorya, Talaromyces. The seven fungus could mainly biosorb dyes but not biodegradate.
The paper studied carbon resource, nitrogen resource, temperature, pH, volume of culture, and concentration of dyes on decolorization rate. At the same time, the test of reusing fungus pellet and the effect of environment condition on endomycopsi.sp. were studied too. The results showed:
l.The strain of KL-l,10N-l,NG-2 could utilize cellulose as carbon source and the decolorization rates were above 90%.Dextrin was used as the carbon source by 10B-2 and decolorization rate was 96.3%.The other strains' carbon source is com steep liquor. The effect of NHUCl and corn steep liquor were better than others as nitrogen resources, but corn steep liquor was cheaper. Then the following test, com steep liquor was used as nitrogen resources.
2.When the temperature was between 25?-28?, most strains showed the best decolorizing result. Different strains had different optimum pH. The optimum pH of KL-1,HL,NG-3,MG-1,10B-1 was 5;NG-1 and 10B-1 was 4. With the volume of culture increased, the decolorization rate of NG-1 was decreased. When the volume of KL-l,NG-2,NG-3 was 50ml, the decolorization rate was the highest. The
___________________________________________Abstract____________________________________________
decolorization rate was decreased mostly when the volume of culture was
90ml.KL-l,HL,NG-2,10B-2 and NG-3 could endure higher dyes' concentration. The
best result of biodegrade rate was only 20.6%,which showed the effect was mainly
caused by biosorb, not by biodegrade.
3.The endurance ability of Mixed strains was better than single strains. The max biodegrade rate
to aromatic amine compound was 96.39%, and 100% to dyes. The decolorization rate of
reusing fungus pellet was still higher after being used 8 times.
4.The decolorization rate of endomycopsi.sp. to acid black NG, acid black 10B and
active red was best at pHS.O.The strain could endure higher concentration of dyes and
Hg2+. Ag+. Cu2+. heavy metal ions.
引文
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[3] Sumathi, S. and Manju, B. S. (2001) Fungal mediated decolorization of media containing procion dyes. water sci. Technol. 43: 285-290.
[4] [日]精细化学品辞典编辑委员会编，禹茂章等译，精细化学品辞典，北京：化学工业出版社，1989．
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