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湖南省临澧县白土坡膨润土矿物学特征及适宜产品的试制研究
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摘要
膨润土是一种用途相当广泛的非金属矿产资源,由于其特殊的结构及性能,它的应用几乎涵盖人们生产生活的所有领域,对于它的开发、研究和应用成了当今材料研究中最为热门的话题之一。论文在综合分析国内外膨润土研究、应用及市场现状的基础上,运用现代材料测试分析技术对湖南临澧白土坡膨润土矿的矿物学特征进行了系统全面的研究,并选择其适宜的产品进行了实验室试制。本文的主要内容如下:
     在分析前人研究内容的基础上,对临澧白土坡膨润土的物化特征、尤其对其中主要矿物蒙脱石的化学成分、晶体化学特征进行了较为详细的研究。对前人的研究内容及结论进行了分析并进行一定的修正,得出了与前人稍有不同,但通过扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析、差热分析等测试手段及进一步实验证实更为合理的结论,较为全面地揭示了白土坡膨润土的矿物学特征。
     充分了解矿物学特征后,有针对性地对其提纯进行了系统的研究,获得了适合大多数领域应用的膨润土精矿。并对该地膨润土高纯精矿的提纯提出了具有创意的方法:先对粗精矿进行钠化分散处理,再稀释以除微粒石英。这样做不仅提高了精矿的纯度,而且为后续有机化处理准备了直接的原料,省略了有机化处理前一贯常需要进行的钠化改型步骤。
     在对白土坡膨润土的矿物学进行了综合分析后,对其用于冶金球团、钻井泥浆及特种有机膨润土进行了试制研究,确定了工艺流程及参数,对制得的产品采用一定测试技术进行了部分性能特征的测试,得到了较令人满意的结果,并对这几种产品的生产可行性进了简要分析。对原矿制备油脂脱色活性白土的工艺流程及参数进行了探索,并着重就制备过程中耗酸量大、脱色力难以提高的原因进行了探讨,主要就原矿蒙脱石的晶体化学特征(包括对硅铝比低及含铁量高等)分析了对脱色力提高的影响,为今后的生产提出了具有参考价值的建议。
Bentonite is an important nonmetallic mineral resource. It has been applied nearly in all the domains of human being's production and living due to its special framework and performance. The exploitation, research and application of bentonite have attracted great attention among many popular themes in material research nowadays. In this thesis, the mineralogical characters of bentonite in Baitupo, Linli county of Hunan Province is studied systemically and roundly by using modern material testing and analyzing techniques, on the basis of integrated analysis of the research, application and market of bentonite inside and outside our country. And the preparation of several choosing products is studied according to its mineralogical characters. The main contents in this thesis are as follows.
    The physical and chemic characters of the bentonite in Baitupo, especially the chemic compositions and crystal-chemic characters of montmorillonite-the main mineral components in bentonite is studied rather detailed in this thesis based on the analysis of earlier studies. By the means of SEM, XRD, IR and TDA analysis, the mineralogical characters of bentonite in Baitupo are opened out more roundly by us.
    The purification of the bentonite in Baitupo is carried through after its mineralogical characters had been fully understood. Purified bentonite, which is suitable in most domains, has been gotten. For the purpose of obtaining even more purified bentonite, a new technique is put forward in a creative way: First, the bentonite is dispersed by the means of Na-improved treatment; Then the slurry is diluted for getting rid of atomic quartz. Not only the contents of montmorillonite in purified bentonite are enhanced, but also the straight materials for the following organizing treatment are prepared by this new way. And the process of Na-improvement, which is needed in most preparation of organobentonite, is overleaped.
    The preparation of metallurgic agglomerant bentonite, drilling mud bentonite and special type organobentonite is studied in laboratory with
    
    
    the bentonite of Baitupo. The study include the determination of technical flows and parameters, the test of partial capabilities and characters of the products by certain testing techniques and the contracted analysis of the volume-produce feasibility of these products. The technical flows and parameters in preparation of lipin-decolor atlapulgite by the bentonite of Baitupo are groped. The factors (include ratio of Si and Al, high content of Fe etc), which have great influences on acid consume and decolor capacitance, are discussed. Some valuable suggests are brought forward according to the above discussions.
引文
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