胶凝材料组成和温度对补偿收缩混凝土变形性能的影响
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摘要
针对水泥-HCSA膨胀剂-粉煤灰三元复合胶凝材料体系，以补偿收缩砂浆和补偿收缩混凝土为研究对象，通过正交试验和平行试验，系统研究了各因素对膨胀剂膨胀效能发挥的的影响程度及影响规律，其中重点研究了高温养护对膨胀效能的影响；运用水化热、化学结合水量、XRD、SEM等微观测试手段讨论了补偿收缩复合胶凝材料的水化过程、水化产物及其微观形貌。主要的研究结论如下：
常温下，硫铝酸钙-氧化钙类膨胀剂在补偿收缩砂浆中膨胀效能发挥迅速，早期膨胀大，稳定期早；膨胀剂掺量越大，粉煤灰掺量越小，限制膨胀率越大；采用水中限制膨胀率、干空限制膨胀率、干燥收缩落差率三个参数评价膨胀剂的膨胀效能时具有很好地一致性。三因素对膨胀效能的影响在7d后趋于稳定，其中膨胀剂掺量的影响最大，粉煤灰掺量居中，水胶比最小；膨胀剂掺量不是唯一的膨胀量决定因素，通过调整胶凝材料组成，可以达到不同的限制膨胀率目标。
在水量充足的情况下膨胀剂与水泥的水化相互促进，如果水量不足，两者的关系转变为相互抑制，膨胀剂先于水泥水化，会优先争夺到水，产生理想的膨胀。高温虽然显著地促进了膨胀剂和水泥的水化，但也加剧了膨胀剂和水泥对有限水分的争夺，使得膨胀与强度的矛盾得以显现，室温下得出的各因素对限制膨胀率和强度的影响程度及影响规律，很多在高温下不再适应。高温时1d限制膨胀率接近或达到最大值，其后发展缓慢，早期较高的膨胀会抑制强度的发展，使得膨胀与强度发展不再如20℃时那么协调。在膨胀剂一定的情况下，水胶比对膨胀率的影响受温度影响很大，在40℃养护时，水胶比越大，膨胀率越大，与20℃和60℃时的规律相反；粉煤灰掺量越大，膨胀率越小，在不同温度下其影响规律不变。
粉煤灰的掺加能促进膨胀剂在混凝土中膨胀效能的发挥，适量的粉煤灰可以显著地促进膨胀增长，掺量过大会因早期约束不足而减弱对膨胀的促进作用，对于高膨胀效率的硫铝酸钙-氧化钙类膨胀剂和粉煤灰复掺的补偿收缩混凝土，可以通过调整胶凝材料组成，使其不产生收缩，且膨胀剂的掺量要求可以适当降低。
膨胀剂对低水胶比混凝土中的自收缩也有良好的补偿作用，在水化1d内没有补偿效果，之后开始发挥补偿作用，粉煤灰掺量越大，水胶比越大，其补偿效果越明显。水胶比0.34时，膨胀剂可以补偿全部的自收缩，使混凝土在30h后持续保持膨胀状态。
Expansive mortar and expansive concrete of composite cementitious materials wereinvestigated. The influence of factors on the expansion efficiency of expansive agentwas studied by orthogonal test and parallel test and the influence of high temperaturecuring on the expansive efficiency was discussed emphatically. The hydration process,hydration products, and microstructure of shrinkage-compensating composite binderwere studied by hydration heat, non-evaporable water, XRD, SEM. The main contentsand results are listed as follows:
Sulfoaluminate–calcium expansive agent can produce a larger expansion and agreater expansion speed at early ages. The restrained expansion rate (RER) of mortarcured moistly, RER residue and expansion decline of mortars after dry shrinkage arewell consistent with each other to assess the expansion performance of expansive agent.The increased content of expansive agent and the decreased content of fly ash canincrease RER. The amount of expansive agent is the major factor of expansionperformance, followed by content of fly ash and water-binder ratio, but not the onlydecisive one. By adjusting composition of binding materials, different expansionexpectation can be achieved.
During the hydration process, when the water is sufficient, expansive agent andcement promote hydration with each other in early ages. While the water is insufficient,the competitive demand of water between expansive agent and cement makes expansiveagent hinder hydration of cement. The hydration of expansive agent is faster than thecement, so it obtained the water firstly and produces appropriate expansion. Hightemperature can not only improve the hydration of expansive agent; but also make thecompetitive water-demanding show up, so the conclusions got under the condition ofroom temperature don’t work at high temperature. In high temperature the RER can beclose to or reach the maximum value at1d，but develop very slowly at later ages; thelarge expansion in the early stage can hinder compressive strength of mortar, make itselfno longer agree with the development of strength.Temperature has an important role inthe influence trend of water-binder ratio on the RER of mortar. The effect that RERincreases with water-binder ratio rising at40℃is opposite to that at20℃and60℃. The RER declines with the increase of fly ash; this influence trend of fly ash on theRER of mortar is the same under different temperatures;
The addition of fly ash can promote the expansion of expansive agent, properdosage of fly ash can increase expansion significantly, but larger dosage of fly ashdecreases the increase variation of expansion because of low early strength. Forconcrete with fly ash and HCSA, the minmum dosage of expansive agent can be lowerand shrinkage can be totally compensated by appropriate composition of bindingmaterials
Expansive agent can reduce the autogenous shrinkage of concrete with lowwater-binder ratio after1d. The elevated fly ash amount and water-binder ratio canimprove the compensating efficiency of expansive agent.6%HCSA can generateenough expansion to compensate all autogenous shrinkage of concrete underwater-binder ratio of0.34, make concrete expand after30h.
常温下，硫铝酸钙-氧化钙类膨胀剂在补偿收缩砂浆中膨胀效能发挥迅速，早期膨胀大，稳定期早；膨胀剂掺量越大，粉煤灰掺量越小，限制膨胀率越大；采用水中限制膨胀率、干空限制膨胀率、干燥收缩落差率三个参数评价膨胀剂的膨胀效能时具有很好地一致性。三因素对膨胀效能的影响在7d后趋于稳定，其中膨胀剂掺量的影响最大，粉煤灰掺量居中，水胶比最小；膨胀剂掺量不是唯一的膨胀量决定因素，通过调整胶凝材料组成，可以达到不同的限制膨胀率目标。
在水量充足的情况下膨胀剂与水泥的水化相互促进，如果水量不足，两者的关系转变为相互抑制，膨胀剂先于水泥水化，会优先争夺到水，产生理想的膨胀。高温虽然显著地促进了膨胀剂和水泥的水化，但也加剧了膨胀剂和水泥对有限水分的争夺，使得膨胀与强度的矛盾得以显现，室温下得出的各因素对限制膨胀率和强度的影响程度及影响规律，很多在高温下不再适应。高温时1d限制膨胀率接近或达到最大值，其后发展缓慢，早期较高的膨胀会抑制强度的发展，使得膨胀与强度发展不再如20℃时那么协调。在膨胀剂一定的情况下，水胶比对膨胀率的影响受温度影响很大，在40℃养护时，水胶比越大，膨胀率越大，与20℃和60℃时的规律相反；粉煤灰掺量越大，膨胀率越小，在不同温度下其影响规律不变。
粉煤灰的掺加能促进膨胀剂在混凝土中膨胀效能的发挥，适量的粉煤灰可以显著地促进膨胀增长，掺量过大会因早期约束不足而减弱对膨胀的促进作用，对于高膨胀效率的硫铝酸钙-氧化钙类膨胀剂和粉煤灰复掺的补偿收缩混凝土，可以通过调整胶凝材料组成，使其不产生收缩，且膨胀剂的掺量要求可以适当降低。
膨胀剂对低水胶比混凝土中的自收缩也有良好的补偿作用，在水化1d内没有补偿效果，之后开始发挥补偿作用，粉煤灰掺量越大，水胶比越大，其补偿效果越明显。水胶比0.34时，膨胀剂可以补偿全部的自收缩，使混凝土在30h后持续保持膨胀状态。
Expansive mortar and expansive concrete of composite cementitious materials wereinvestigated. The influence of factors on the expansion efficiency of expansive agentwas studied by orthogonal test and parallel test and the influence of high temperaturecuring on the expansive efficiency was discussed emphatically. The hydration process,hydration products, and microstructure of shrinkage-compensating composite binderwere studied by hydration heat, non-evaporable water, XRD, SEM. The main contentsand results are listed as follows:
Sulfoaluminate–calcium expansive agent can produce a larger expansion and agreater expansion speed at early ages. The restrained expansion rate (RER) of mortarcured moistly, RER residue and expansion decline of mortars after dry shrinkage arewell consistent with each other to assess the expansion performance of expansive agent.The increased content of expansive agent and the decreased content of fly ash canincrease RER. The amount of expansive agent is the major factor of expansionperformance, followed by content of fly ash and water-binder ratio, but not the onlydecisive one. By adjusting composition of binding materials, different expansionexpectation can be achieved.
During the hydration process, when the water is sufficient, expansive agent andcement promote hydration with each other in early ages. While the water is insufficient,the competitive demand of water between expansive agent and cement makes expansiveagent hinder hydration of cement. The hydration of expansive agent is faster than thecement, so it obtained the water firstly and produces appropriate expansion. Hightemperature can not only improve the hydration of expansive agent; but also make thecompetitive water-demanding show up, so the conclusions got under the condition ofroom temperature don’t work at high temperature. In high temperature the RER can beclose to or reach the maximum value at1d，but develop very slowly at later ages; thelarge expansion in the early stage can hinder compressive strength of mortar, make itselfno longer agree with the development of strength.Temperature has an important role inthe influence trend of water-binder ratio on the RER of mortar. The effect that RERincreases with water-binder ratio rising at40℃is opposite to that at20℃and60℃. The RER declines with the increase of fly ash; this influence trend of fly ash on theRER of mortar is the same under different temperatures;
The addition of fly ash can promote the expansion of expansive agent, properdosage of fly ash can increase expansion significantly, but larger dosage of fly ashdecreases the increase variation of expansion because of low early strength. Forconcrete with fly ash and HCSA, the minmum dosage of expansive agent can be lowerand shrinkage can be totally compensated by appropriate composition of bindingmaterials
Expansive agent can reduce the autogenous shrinkage of concrete with lowwater-binder ratio after1d. The elevated fly ash amount and water-binder ratio canimprove the compensating efficiency of expansive agent.6%HCSA can generateenough expansion to compensate all autogenous shrinkage of concrete underwater-binder ratio of0.34, make concrete expand after30h.
引文
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