大型疏浚船舶项目论证及其方法研究
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摘要
全球经济一体化的发展，国际间贸易额的增长，使得港口向大型化、深水化发展，船舶向大型化、智能化发展，对航道水深的要求越来越高。原有的码头及航道设施已难以适应现代化航运的要求。我国在上海建设“国际航运中心”目标的提出，使得疏浚业具有了巨大的发展空间。但是目前我国疏浚业的疏浚能力小于疏浚市场的需要，在目前的市场环境下，疏浚业如何应对国内、国际市场的变化，即本文研究的问题。
基建疏浚、维护疏浚工程是疏浚业目前的主要工程。但是随着社会的发展，人们对于环境的要求越来越高，使得其它疏浚工程业务量逐渐上升。对于具体参与疏浚工程的公司，选择何种疏浚船舶提高公司在市场中的竞争力，则是需要慎重考虑的。
针对上述情况，本文从疏浚工程的类型、从事相应疏浚工程的疏浚船舶及各种疏浚工程的市场进行研究，以L系数体系等合理的定量分析方法，对投资大型疏浚船舶的方案进行研究。
论文分为六章，分别就购建大型疏浚船舶的必要性、现有疏浚市场的状况、各种疏浚工程设备特点的比较和购建大型疏浚船舶方法作了分析与研究。
本文采用L系数体系这一崭新的技术经济分析方法与传统技术经济分析方法相结合，对方案的微观经济效果进行财务评价，得出该项目的购建大性自航耙吸式挖泥船方案在经济上更具有可行性，同时证明了L系数体系在工程经济评价中的便捷、实用等特点。
通过以上分析，作者认为进行方式选择时，有关部门应进行广泛的调研，不能只从企业的微观经济利益考虑，而应从整个社会的角度来考虑和分析项目对社会目标的贡献(如我国自主的知识产权及疏浚工程对环境的影响)，来进行项目的综合评价。
With the development of economic globalization, the continuously increasing volume in international trade has evoked a trend to the building of monstrous ships with artificial intelligence, thus causing the problem that the existing depths of the channels, the wharves, and the channel facilities can never meet the requirements of modern navigation. Our country has already decided to build Shanghai into one of the international navigation centers in the world, which provides a huge opportunity for the dredging industry.But our dredging operation capacity can't meet the demands of dredge market. This thesis tries to solve the problem of how to act in accordance with the changing market under the specific circumstances when facing the giant commercial opportunity.
construction and maintenance in dredge projects are the main tasks .nowadays. With the development of the society, people require a better environment and the volume of other dredging operations has been increasing ever since. But for the firms participating in these projects, what dredge equipment will be chosen to upgrade the firms' competitiveness should be taken into consideration.
In view of the above-mentioned situation, this article concentrates on the study of investment in large dredge equipment with quantitative analysis of L Coefficient System, in accordance with the type of dredge project, the dredge equipment used, and the market in relevance.
This thesis comprises six chapters, including the analysis and study in the necessity for the purchase of large dredge equipment, the state of existing dredge market, the comparison between different dredge equipment, and the different methods for purchase or building of large or small dredge equipment.
The article adopts the L Coefficient System, a method of new technical and economic analysis, to evaluate financially the microeconomic effects of the scheme and comes to the conclusion that the purchase or building of large Trailing suction hopper dredger is more economically feasible and the L Coefficient System is very convenient and practical in project economic evaluation. When doing macroeconomic analysis, this article evaluates comprehensively the alternative schemes with the method of level analysis and reaches the conclusion that the project is feasible.
Through the above analysis, the writer holds the point that a comprehensive investigation and research should be made by the departments concerned when choice has to be made. We can't only take firms' microeconomic benefits into consideration. Instead, we should take into account and analysis what contribution the project will make to the whole
society (for example, our independent intellectual property and the effects of dredge project on environment), that is, to evaluate the project comprehensively.
基建疏浚、维护疏浚工程是疏浚业目前的主要工程。但是随着社会的发展，人们对于环境的要求越来越高，使得其它疏浚工程业务量逐渐上升。对于具体参与疏浚工程的公司，选择何种疏浚船舶提高公司在市场中的竞争力，则是需要慎重考虑的。
针对上述情况，本文从疏浚工程的类型、从事相应疏浚工程的疏浚船舶及各种疏浚工程的市场进行研究，以L系数体系等合理的定量分析方法，对投资大型疏浚船舶的方案进行研究。
论文分为六章，分别就购建大型疏浚船舶的必要性、现有疏浚市场的状况、各种疏浚工程设备特点的比较和购建大型疏浚船舶方法作了分析与研究。
本文采用L系数体系这一崭新的技术经济分析方法与传统技术经济分析方法相结合，对方案的微观经济效果进行财务评价，得出该项目的购建大性自航耙吸式挖泥船方案在经济上更具有可行性，同时证明了L系数体系在工程经济评价中的便捷、实用等特点。
通过以上分析，作者认为进行方式选择时，有关部门应进行广泛的调研，不能只从企业的微观经济利益考虑，而应从整个社会的角度来考虑和分析项目对社会目标的贡献(如我国自主的知识产权及疏浚工程对环境的影响)，来进行项目的综合评价。
With the development of economic globalization, the continuously increasing volume in international trade has evoked a trend to the building of monstrous ships with artificial intelligence, thus causing the problem that the existing depths of the channels, the wharves, and the channel facilities can never meet the requirements of modern navigation. Our country has already decided to build Shanghai into one of the international navigation centers in the world, which provides a huge opportunity for the dredging industry.But our dredging operation capacity can't meet the demands of dredge market. This thesis tries to solve the problem of how to act in accordance with the changing market under the specific circumstances when facing the giant commercial opportunity.
construction and maintenance in dredge projects are the main tasks .nowadays. With the development of the society, people require a better environment and the volume of other dredging operations has been increasing ever since. But for the firms participating in these projects, what dredge equipment will be chosen to upgrade the firms' competitiveness should be taken into consideration.
In view of the above-mentioned situation, this article concentrates on the study of investment in large dredge equipment with quantitative analysis of L Coefficient System, in accordance with the type of dredge project, the dredge equipment used, and the market in relevance.
This thesis comprises six chapters, including the analysis and study in the necessity for the purchase of large dredge equipment, the state of existing dredge market, the comparison between different dredge equipment, and the different methods for purchase or building of large or small dredge equipment.
The article adopts the L Coefficient System, a method of new technical and economic analysis, to evaluate financially the microeconomic effects of the scheme and comes to the conclusion that the purchase or building of large Trailing suction hopper dredger is more economically feasible and the L Coefficient System is very convenient and practical in project economic evaluation. When doing macroeconomic analysis, this article evaluates comprehensively the alternative schemes with the method of level analysis and reaches the conclusion that the project is feasible.
Through the above analysis, the writer holds the point that a comprehensive investigation and research should be made by the departments concerned when choice has to be made. We can't only take firms' microeconomic benefits into consideration. Instead, we should take into account and analysis what contribution the project will make to the whole
society (for example, our independent intellectual property and the effects of dredge project on environment), that is, to evaluate the project comprehensively.
引文
1．上海航道勘察设计研究所．上海国际航运中心洋山港区一期工程航道工程工程可行性研究报告．2001
2．十五国家重大技术装备工作重点．http://jd.sina.net/new_develop/33.html.
3．洋山深水港港区一期工程全面开工．File://E: \洋山港.htm
4．郭豫鹏 顾勇．长江口深水航道治理工程一期工程设计介绍．水运工程．2000．12
5．林风．国外疏浚船舶和疏浚技术发展动态．上海航道科技，2001．3
6．毛志铨．“十五”期间上海的港航建设规划构思．上海航道科技，2000．2
7．张家琪．当今环保疏浚综述．上海航道勘察设计院，上海航道科技 2000．2
8．王珉球等．自航耙吸式挖泥船在长江口深水航道治理工程一期疏浚维护工程中的施工效率测试．上海航道科技，2001．1
9．张卫明．自航耙吸式挖泥船的几种节能航行法简介．上海航道科技，2001．1
10．世界疏浚市场的大热点．Dredging &ports Construction，2000．8
11．John Riddlell. 疏浚2000年后的挑战与机遇．航道技术译文，2000．7
12．二十世纪疏浚．World Dredging & Construction, January 2000
13．Netherland Stefaan Vandycke. 喷水技术提供新的动力和精度．Proceeding-CEDA Dredging Days, 18-19 November 1999
14．IADC & CEDA．疏浚的环境方面 指南四—机械、方法和缓解．国际疏浚公司协会和中部地区疏浚协会，1998
15．我国第一艘大型耙吸式挖泥船问世．www.ctiin.com.cn中国技术创新网
16．杨诗鸿、郭祥融．我国第一艘大型斗轮式挖泥船的研制．www.ctiin.com.cn中国技术创新网
17．章明为．加速流动资金周转降低流动资金成本．上海航道科技，2001．3
18．王彩当．船型技术经济论证．人民交通出版社，1996
19．天津港招商建设10万吨级航道方案2000
20．上海航道勘察设计研究所．连云港7万吨级航道扩建工程施工图设计说明书，2001
21．李晨冈．现金流等值新论—L系数体系初步．中国经济出版社，2000．1
22．谢新连．船舶运输管理与经营．大连海事大学出版社，1997
23．荷兰IHC公司Select dredging equipment
24．[荷兰] H．A．Greve．疏浚设备的选择．2001
25．谢志华．财务管理．中央广播电视大学出版社，1998
26．上海东方疏浚工程公司调研课题细．内河疏浚船舶与机具．上海航道科技，2000．2
2．十五国家重大技术装备工作重点．http://jd.sina.net/new_develop/33.html.
3．洋山深水港港区一期工程全面开工．File://E: \洋山港.htm
4．郭豫鹏 顾勇．长江口深水航道治理工程一期工程设计介绍．水运工程．2000．12
5．林风．国外疏浚船舶和疏浚技术发展动态．上海航道科技，2001．3
6．毛志铨．“十五”期间上海的港航建设规划构思．上海航道科技，2000．2
7．张家琪．当今环保疏浚综述．上海航道勘察设计院，上海航道科技 2000．2
8．王珉球等．自航耙吸式挖泥船在长江口深水航道治理工程一期疏浚维护工程中的施工效率测试．上海航道科技，2001．1
9．张卫明．自航耙吸式挖泥船的几种节能航行法简介．上海航道科技，2001．1
10．世界疏浚市场的大热点．Dredging &ports Construction，2000．8
11．John Riddlell. 疏浚2000年后的挑战与机遇．航道技术译文，2000．7
12．二十世纪疏浚．World Dredging & Construction, January 2000
13．Netherland Stefaan Vandycke. 喷水技术提供新的动力和精度．Proceeding-CEDA Dredging Days, 18-19 November 1999
14．IADC & CEDA．疏浚的环境方面 指南四—机械、方法和缓解．国际疏浚公司协会和中部地区疏浚协会，1998
15．我国第一艘大型耙吸式挖泥船问世．www.ctiin.com.cn中国技术创新网
16．杨诗鸿、郭祥融．我国第一艘大型斗轮式挖泥船的研制．www.ctiin.com.cn中国技术创新网
17．章明为．加速流动资金周转降低流动资金成本．上海航道科技，2001．3
18．王彩当．船型技术经济论证．人民交通出版社，1996
19．天津港招商建设10万吨级航道方案2000
20．上海航道勘察设计研究所．连云港7万吨级航道扩建工程施工图设计说明书，2001
21．李晨冈．现金流等值新论—L系数体系初步．中国经济出版社，2000．1
22．谢新连．船舶运输管理与经营．大连海事大学出版社，1997
23．荷兰IHC公司Select dredging equipment
24．[荷兰] H．A．Greve．疏浚设备的选择．2001
25．谢志华．财务管理．中央广播电视大学出版社，1998
26．上海东方疏浚工程公司调研课题细．内河疏浚船舶与机具．上海航道科技，2000．2