不规则波作用下沉箱防波堤兼作岸式波力发电装置性能研究
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摘要
沉箱防波堤兼作岸式波力发电装置是一种新型的港工建筑物,它是集合了防波堤与岸式振荡水柱波力发电装置的共性特点设计而成。它除了能防浪消浪,为港区提供良好的泊稳条件,还能将入射的波能吸收转换为电能。将沉箱隔舱作为OWC (Oscillationg Water Column)气室,不仅节省了沉箱防波堤工程造价,而且解决了岸式振荡水柱波力发电装置建造费用高的问题,可谓一举两得。本文正是在前期研究的基础上,通过物理模型试验对不规则波作用下装置的捕能效果进行进一步研究。
本文主要是在物理模型的基础上,研究了沉箱气室捕能效果。模型试验主要包括波压力试验和气室捕能效果试验。本文根据微幅波理论推导出适于本装置大开孔的波压力公式,并将波压力试验数据与公式计算结果对比验证,二者吻合良好,表明波压力公式适用于本装置的理论计算。
在沉箱气室捕能效果模型试验中,本文主要采集了沉箱气室内的波高、气压以及输气管的空气流速等数据。试验数据处理结果显示,沉箱气室内波幅、气室压强幅值以及输气管内空气流速具有一定的联动性,气室捕能效果主要受入射波要素、气室工作水位、前墙吃水深度及负载因素等影响。为获得良好的捕能效果,本装置更适合于大波高、长周期的入射波的条件,同时,装置应处于较低前墙吃水深度的工作状态。
本文根据试验数据计算了沉箱防波堤兼作岸式波力发电装置的一次转换效率。结果显示,当入射波周期较长、装置吃水深度较低时,装置一次转换效率较高。这与前期研究成果具有一致性。
本文主要是基于物理模型试验,得出装置在不规则波作用下的工作规律,提出了关于装置捕能效果的合理化建议,为本装置的进一步研究奠定了基础。
Caisson breakwater as OWC is a new coastal engineering structure, which is designed above the similar features between caisson breakwater and onshore OWC wave energy convertor. This structure can not only prevent wave, but also convert wave energy into electricity. Also, Caisson chamber as OWC air chamber reduces engineering cost. The study carries out the task through unit analysis and experimental investigations.
Model test includes wave pressure test and energy capturing effect research. According to liner wave theory, a wave pressure formula is derived for caisson with a scale hole. Compared with experiment contests, the result indicates that the theoretical derivation is acceptable.
Energy capturing effect model experiment is carried out to obtain wave height in caisson chamber, air pressure in caisson chamber, and air velocity in the duct. The model test data show that there are interior relations among wave height, air pressure, and air velocity, the energy capturing efficiency is mostly determined by incident wave elements, water depth, draft of the chamber skirt and load parameters. To capture more energy, the structure with low draft of the chamber skirt needs to run under the condition of big wave height and long period.
Conversion efficiency of caisson chamber is obtained from test data, and it has the same trend as the energy capturing.
The research is based on model test, the characteristic of structure under irregular waves is obtained, which lays a foundation to further study.
本文主要是在物理模型的基础上,研究了沉箱气室捕能效果。模型试验主要包括波压力试验和气室捕能效果试验。本文根据微幅波理论推导出适于本装置大开孔的波压力公式,并将波压力试验数据与公式计算结果对比验证,二者吻合良好,表明波压力公式适用于本装置的理论计算。
在沉箱气室捕能效果模型试验中,本文主要采集了沉箱气室内的波高、气压以及输气管的空气流速等数据。试验数据处理结果显示,沉箱气室内波幅、气室压强幅值以及输气管内空气流速具有一定的联动性,气室捕能效果主要受入射波要素、气室工作水位、前墙吃水深度及负载因素等影响。为获得良好的捕能效果,本装置更适合于大波高、长周期的入射波的条件,同时,装置应处于较低前墙吃水深度的工作状态。
本文根据试验数据计算了沉箱防波堤兼作岸式波力发电装置的一次转换效率。结果显示,当入射波周期较长、装置吃水深度较低时,装置一次转换效率较高。这与前期研究成果具有一致性。
本文主要是基于物理模型试验,得出装置在不规则波作用下的工作规律,提出了关于装置捕能效果的合理化建议,为本装置的进一步研究奠定了基础。
Caisson breakwater as OWC is a new coastal engineering structure, which is designed above the similar features between caisson breakwater and onshore OWC wave energy convertor. This structure can not only prevent wave, but also convert wave energy into electricity. Also, Caisson chamber as OWC air chamber reduces engineering cost. The study carries out the task through unit analysis and experimental investigations.
Model test includes wave pressure test and energy capturing effect research. According to liner wave theory, a wave pressure formula is derived for caisson with a scale hole. Compared with experiment contests, the result indicates that the theoretical derivation is acceptable.
Energy capturing effect model experiment is carried out to obtain wave height in caisson chamber, air pressure in caisson chamber, and air velocity in the duct. The model test data show that there are interior relations among wave height, air pressure, and air velocity, the energy capturing efficiency is mostly determined by incident wave elements, water depth, draft of the chamber skirt and load parameters. To capture more energy, the structure with low draft of the chamber skirt needs to run under the condition of big wave height and long period.
Conversion efficiency of caisson chamber is obtained from test data, and it has the same trend as the energy capturing.
The research is based on model test, the characteristic of structure under irregular waves is obtained, which lays a foundation to further study.
引文
[1]霍华德·格尔勒.能源革命通向可持续发展未来的政策.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2006.3
[2]BP. Statistical Review of World Energy. London:Beyond petroleum,2006.2-4
[3]王革华.能源与可持续发展—21世纪可持续能源丛书.北京：化学工业出版社,2005.12-13
[4]中国可再生能源发展战略研究项目组.中国可再生能源发展战略研究丛书.北京：中国电力出版社,2008.37
[5]王传崑,芦苇.海洋能资源分析方法及储量评估.北京：海洋出版社,2009.2-4
[6]楮同金.海洋能资源开发利用—21世纪可持续能源丛书.北京：化学工业出版社.2005.24-38
[7]孙洪,李永祺.中国海洋高技术及其产业化发展战略研究.青岛：中国海洋大学出版社.2003.3-15
[8]任建莉、钟英杰等.海洋波能发电的现状与前景.浙江工业大学学报.2006,34(1)：69-73
[9]陈勇.中国能源与可持续发展/中国可持续发展总纲(第三卷).北京：科学出版社.2007.1-20
[10]余志、蒋念东等.大万山岸式振荡水柱波力发电电站的输出功率.海洋工程.1996.14(2)：77-82
[11]黄良民.中国海洋资源与可持续发展/中国可持续发展总纲(第八卷).北京：科学出版社,2007.1-18
[12]刘臻.岸式振荡水柱波能发电装置的试验及数值模拟研究：[博士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学海洋工程系,2008
[13]Falca~o A. F. Design and construction of the OWC wave power plant at the Azores. In:Wave power—moving towards commercial viability, London, UK:Institution of Mechanical Engineers Seminar.1999.35-42
[14]Falca~o A. F. The shoreline OWC wave power plant at the Azores. In:The fourth European Wind Energy Conference. Aalborg, Denmark.2000.123-129
[15]Alcorn R. G, Beattie W. C. Observations of time domain data on the Wells Turbine in the Islay wave power plant. In:Proceedings of the eighth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Montreal, Canada:International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,1998.12-18
[16]Heath T, Whittaker T, Boake C. B. The design, construction and operation of the LIMPET wave energy converter (Islay Scotland). In:The fourth European Wind Energy Conference. Aalborg, Denmark.2000.78-83
[17]Alcorn R, Hunter S, Signorelli C. Results of the Testing of the Energetic Wave Energy Plant at Port Kembla. Energetic Australia Pty Limited.2005.2-7
[18]杜文朋、包凤英等.浅议当今世界海洋发电的发展趋势.广东电力.2001.14(1)：16-18
[19]梁贤光,孙培亚,游亚戈.汕尾100kW波力电站气室模型性能试验.海洋工程.2003,21：113-116
[20]严恺,梁其荀.海岸工程(第一版)北京：海洋出版社,2002.429-430
[21]Tanimoto K and Takahashi S. Design and Construction of Caisson Breakwater-the Japanese experience. Coastal Engineering.1994,22(1-2):57-77
[22]FraneoL. Vertical breakwaters:the Italian experience. Coastal Engineering,1994,22:31 -55
[23]Isaaeson M, Baldwin J, Alimental. Wave interactions with perforated breakwater. Journal of Waterway, port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE,2000,126(5):229-235
[24]谢世楞.深水防波堤技术的最新进展-94深水防波堤国际会议报道.港工技术,1994,2：1-10
[25]李炎保.韩国海岸港口工程概况.海洋工程,2001,19(2)：61-68
[26]李玉成,孙大鹏等.大连港大窑湾港区11#-16#泊位结构断面物理模型试验报告.大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,2002年
[27]谢世楞.防波堤工程的发展与海浪研究问题.港工技术,1987,1：1-8
[28]Marks M.Jarlan G E. Experimental study on a fixed perforated breakwater. Proceedings Of the 11th Coastal Engineering Conference, London, UK, ASCE,1968,3:1121 - 1140
[29]Terret, F.L, Osorio, J.D.C. and Lean, G.H., Model Studies of a Perforated Breakwater. Proceedings of 11th Coastal Engineering Conference, London, UK:ASCE,1968, Vol.3: 1104-1120
[30]Franco, L., De Gerloni, M., Passoni, G. and Zaeeoni, D., Wave Forces on Solid and Perforated Caisson Breakwaters:Comparison of Field and Laboratory Measurements. Proceedings of the 26th Coastal Engineering Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark:ASCE, 1998, Vol.2:1945-1958
[31]Tabet-Aoul, E.H., Rousset, J.M. and Belorgey, M., Analysis of Horizontal Forces Acting on vertical walls of Perforated Breakwater. Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Brest, France:ISOPE,1999, Vol.3:712-717
[32]戴冠英.波浪作用下开孔直立结构的反射与透射性能.水利水运科学研究.1993,Vo1.3：292-300
[33]张琴,戴冠英.波浪对开孔直立结构作用力的试验研究.水利水运科学研究.1994,Vo1.4：367-373
[341陈雪峰,李玉成,孙大鹏,陈仁友.波浪与开孔沉箱作用的实验研究.中国海洋平台2001,06-0001-06
[35]李玉成.不规则波作用下无顶板开孔沉箱波浪力的计算方法.中国海洋平台,2005,Vo1.20,No.2：19
[36]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ298-98,中华人民共和国行业标准—防波堤设计与施工规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998-8
[37]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ290-98,中华人民共和国行业标准—重力式码头设计与施工规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998-8
[38]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ213-98,中华人民共和国行业标准—海港水文规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998-8
[39]李海峰.沉箱防波堤兼作岸式振荡水柱波力发电装置捕能气室的设计与试验研究：[硕士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学海洋工程系,2009
[40]林建忠,阮晓东,陈邦国,王建平,周洁,任安禄.流体力学.北京：清华大学出版社,2005.449-453
[41]谈庆明.量纲分析.合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.12-14
[42]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ/T234-2001.中华人民共和国行业标准.北京：人民交通出版社,2002-4
[43]Takahashi S, Design of Vertical Breakwaters[M]. Portland Harbor Research Institute, Reference Document N 34,1996
[44]Tabet-Aoul E. H, and ambert E, Tentative New Formula for Maximum Horizontal Wave Forces Acting On Perforated Caisson [J]. J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering,2003, Vo 1.129, No.1:34-40
[45]文圣常、余宙文.海浪理论与计算原理.北京：科学出版社,1985.31-36
[46]邱大洪.波浪理论及其在工程中的应用.北京：海洋出版社,1985.
[47]Li Chunzhu, ShiHongda, Yu Dingyong and Wang Aiqun. Calculation of Wave Pressure and Pressure Spectrum for Perforated-Pipe Breakwater. China Ocean Engineering,1997, Vol.11, No.1
[2]BP. Statistical Review of World Energy. London:Beyond petroleum,2006.2-4
[3]王革华.能源与可持续发展—21世纪可持续能源丛书.北京：化学工业出版社,2005.12-13
[4]中国可再生能源发展战略研究项目组.中国可再生能源发展战略研究丛书.北京：中国电力出版社,2008.37
[5]王传崑,芦苇.海洋能资源分析方法及储量评估.北京：海洋出版社,2009.2-4
[6]楮同金.海洋能资源开发利用—21世纪可持续能源丛书.北京：化学工业出版社.2005.24-38
[7]孙洪,李永祺.中国海洋高技术及其产业化发展战略研究.青岛：中国海洋大学出版社.2003.3-15
[8]任建莉、钟英杰等.海洋波能发电的现状与前景.浙江工业大学学报.2006,34(1)：69-73
[9]陈勇.中国能源与可持续发展/中国可持续发展总纲(第三卷).北京：科学出版社.2007.1-20
[10]余志、蒋念东等.大万山岸式振荡水柱波力发电电站的输出功率.海洋工程.1996.14(2)：77-82
[11]黄良民.中国海洋资源与可持续发展/中国可持续发展总纲(第八卷).北京：科学出版社,2007.1-18
[12]刘臻.岸式振荡水柱波能发电装置的试验及数值模拟研究：[博士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学海洋工程系,2008
[13]Falca~o A. F. Design and construction of the OWC wave power plant at the Azores. In:Wave power—moving towards commercial viability, London, UK:Institution of Mechanical Engineers Seminar.1999.35-42
[14]Falca~o A. F. The shoreline OWC wave power plant at the Azores. In:The fourth European Wind Energy Conference. Aalborg, Denmark.2000.123-129
[15]Alcorn R. G, Beattie W. C. Observations of time domain data on the Wells Turbine in the Islay wave power plant. In:Proceedings of the eighth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Montreal, Canada:International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,1998.12-18
[16]Heath T, Whittaker T, Boake C. B. The design, construction and operation of the LIMPET wave energy converter (Islay Scotland). In:The fourth European Wind Energy Conference. Aalborg, Denmark.2000.78-83
[17]Alcorn R, Hunter S, Signorelli C. Results of the Testing of the Energetic Wave Energy Plant at Port Kembla. Energetic Australia Pty Limited.2005.2-7
[18]杜文朋、包凤英等.浅议当今世界海洋发电的发展趋势.广东电力.2001.14(1)：16-18
[19]梁贤光,孙培亚,游亚戈.汕尾100kW波力电站气室模型性能试验.海洋工程.2003,21：113-116
[20]严恺,梁其荀.海岸工程(第一版)北京：海洋出版社,2002.429-430
[21]Tanimoto K and Takahashi S. Design and Construction of Caisson Breakwater-the Japanese experience. Coastal Engineering.1994,22(1-2):57-77
[22]FraneoL. Vertical breakwaters:the Italian experience. Coastal Engineering,1994,22:31 -55
[23]Isaaeson M, Baldwin J, Alimental. Wave interactions with perforated breakwater. Journal of Waterway, port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE,2000,126(5):229-235
[24]谢世楞.深水防波堤技术的最新进展-94深水防波堤国际会议报道.港工技术,1994,2：1-10
[25]李炎保.韩国海岸港口工程概况.海洋工程,2001,19(2)：61-68
[26]李玉成,孙大鹏等.大连港大窑湾港区11#-16#泊位结构断面物理模型试验报告.大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,2002年
[27]谢世楞.防波堤工程的发展与海浪研究问题.港工技术,1987,1：1-8
[28]Marks M.Jarlan G E. Experimental study on a fixed perforated breakwater. Proceedings Of the 11th Coastal Engineering Conference, London, UK, ASCE,1968,3:1121 - 1140
[29]Terret, F.L, Osorio, J.D.C. and Lean, G.H., Model Studies of a Perforated Breakwater. Proceedings of 11th Coastal Engineering Conference, London, UK:ASCE,1968, Vol.3: 1104-1120
[30]Franco, L., De Gerloni, M., Passoni, G. and Zaeeoni, D., Wave Forces on Solid and Perforated Caisson Breakwaters:Comparison of Field and Laboratory Measurements. Proceedings of the 26th Coastal Engineering Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark:ASCE, 1998, Vol.2:1945-1958
[31]Tabet-Aoul, E.H., Rousset, J.M. and Belorgey, M., Analysis of Horizontal Forces Acting on vertical walls of Perforated Breakwater. Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Brest, France:ISOPE,1999, Vol.3:712-717
[32]戴冠英.波浪作用下开孔直立结构的反射与透射性能.水利水运科学研究.1993,Vo1.3：292-300
[33]张琴,戴冠英.波浪对开孔直立结构作用力的试验研究.水利水运科学研究.1994,Vo1.4：367-373
[341陈雪峰,李玉成,孙大鹏,陈仁友.波浪与开孔沉箱作用的实验研究.中国海洋平台2001,06-0001-06
[35]李玉成.不规则波作用下无顶板开孔沉箱波浪力的计算方法.中国海洋平台,2005,Vo1.20,No.2：19
[36]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ298-98,中华人民共和国行业标准—防波堤设计与施工规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998-8
[37]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ290-98,中华人民共和国行业标准—重力式码头设计与施工规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998-8
[38]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ213-98,中华人民共和国行业标准—海港水文规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998-8
[39]李海峰.沉箱防波堤兼作岸式振荡水柱波力发电装置捕能气室的设计与试验研究：[硕士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学海洋工程系,2009
[40]林建忠,阮晓东,陈邦国,王建平,周洁,任安禄.流体力学.北京：清华大学出版社,2005.449-453
[41]谈庆明.量纲分析.合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.12-14
[42]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ/T234-2001.中华人民共和国行业标准.北京：人民交通出版社,2002-4
[43]Takahashi S, Design of Vertical Breakwaters[M]. Portland Harbor Research Institute, Reference Document N 34,1996
[44]Tabet-Aoul E. H, and ambert E, Tentative New Formula for Maximum Horizontal Wave Forces Acting On Perforated Caisson [J]. J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering,2003, Vo 1.129, No.1:34-40
[45]文圣常、余宙文.海浪理论与计算原理.北京：科学出版社,1985.31-36
[46]邱大洪.波浪理论及其在工程中的应用.北京：海洋出版社,1985.
[47]Li Chunzhu, ShiHongda, Yu Dingyong and Wang Aiqun. Calculation of Wave Pressure and Pressure Spectrum for Perforated-Pipe Breakwater. China Ocean Engineering,1997, Vol.11, No.1