胜利原油加剂改性研究
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摘要
易凝高粘原油节能、安全输送一直是我国石油储运界面临的主要技术难题。经过40多年的不懈努力,我国在该领域取得了许多重要成果,但目前胜利高含蜡原油的节能安全输送方面仍有很多技术难题亟待解决。由于胜利原油富含对现有改进剂具有抑制作用的胶质成分,加剂改性的难度很大。为抑制集油过程能耗的上升和降低新建二、三次加密井基建投资,降低采油成本,开展了胜利油田常温和低温集油化学剂的研制和应用研究。目前,胜利油田建设设计研究院已研制了3种可用于胜利油田不同区块的常温和低温集油化学剂,命名为VOE系列原油流动改进剂。胜利油田采用该原油流动改进剂实施低温集油后,集油温度大幅度降低,经济效益明显。添加VOE系列流动改进剂后油水形成的拟乳状液在圆管中流动是石油开采和油气集输过程中的新现象。与常规油水混合物流动相比,加剂后不仅可以明显降低冷启动压力,还可以大大降低管流沿程阻力。但这种流动现象的机理及其定量关系尚未解决,因此开展本课题,主要研究圆管中油水拟乳状液静止分层后的冷启动压力规律以及圆管中拟乳状液沿程阻力规律,从而为添加流动改进剂实现原油的常温和低温集输提供理论基础。本论文主要研究了流动改进剂的作用机理、冷启动压力梯度的影响因素和沿程阻力压降与粘度的影响因素以及各因素的影响程度,最终确定了拟乳状液的流体类型,建立了压降和粘度等的计算公式,并对实验数据进行了回归,深入探讨添加流动改进剂后油水混合物的流变学特性。
Energy saving and safe transportation of the crude oil with the easy solidification and high viscidity have been the major technological challenges that that oil storage and transportation sector has to face. After more than 40 years of unremitting efforts, great achievements in this field have been made in our country, but many technological difficulties in the energy saving and safe transportation of Shengli crude oil with the high wax content still have remained to be solved at present. Because Shengli crude oil much gelatinous components that have bad influence on the effectiveness of adding agents, it is difficult to to significantly improve the flowability of Shengli oil only by using the common adding agents. In order to reduce the consumption at the oil transportation process and to decrease the capital cost for new construction of the second or third time infilling wells and the cost of oil production, we focused on the preparation and application of the normal temperature and low temperature adding agents for Shengli crude oil. At the present time, Construction Design and Research Institute of Shengli Oil Field has produced three different chemical agents applicable to the normal atmosphere temperature or low-temperature oil transportation in different regions of Shengli Oil Field, named VOE series flow improver for crude oil. After the crude oil flow improvers were applied in the transportation of Shengli crude oil, the transportation oil temperature decreased to a considerable degree, and economic effectiveness was also greatly promoted. The flow in the pipeline of the pseudo emulsion that formed after addtion of the VOE series flow improvers is a new phenomenon in petroleum recovery and oil and gas gathering. In comparison with conventional flow of oil-water mixture, the use of adding agents not only can decrease the cold start pressure very obviously, but also greatly reduce the on-way resistance along the pipeline. However, the mechanisms of this flow phenomenon and the quantitative relationship have not yet been solved, this thesis will investigate the cold start pressure rules and the on-way resistance rule to flow along the pipeline after quiescence and stratification of the oil-water pseudo emulsion, thereby providing the theoretical basis for adding flow improver to achieve the normal atmosphere temperature and low-temperature oil storage and transportation. In this thesis, we mainly studied the action mechanisms of the flow improvers, the factors that affected the cold start-up pressure gradient, the on-way resistance pressure drop and the viscidity influence factors, and the possible results caused by these factors. Based on the theoretical simulation, we determined the fluid type of pseudo emulsion, established the formulae for pressure drop and viscosity, calculated the experimental data, and in-depth discussed the rheological characterization of oil-water mixture after adding the flow improvers.
Energy saving and safe transportation of the crude oil with the easy solidification and high viscidity have been the major technological challenges that that oil storage and transportation sector has to face. After more than 40 years of unremitting efforts, great achievements in this field have been made in our country, but many technological difficulties in the energy saving and safe transportation of Shengli crude oil with the high wax content still have remained to be solved at present. Because Shengli crude oil much gelatinous components that have bad influence on the effectiveness of adding agents, it is difficult to to significantly improve the flowability of Shengli oil only by using the common adding agents. In order to reduce the consumption at the oil transportation process and to decrease the capital cost for new construction of the second or third time infilling wells and the cost of oil production, we focused on the preparation and application of the normal temperature and low temperature adding agents for Shengli crude oil. At the present time, Construction Design and Research Institute of Shengli Oil Field has produced three different chemical agents applicable to the normal atmosphere temperature or low-temperature oil transportation in different regions of Shengli Oil Field, named VOE series flow improver for crude oil. After the crude oil flow improvers were applied in the transportation of Shengli crude oil, the transportation oil temperature decreased to a considerable degree, and economic effectiveness was also greatly promoted. The flow in the pipeline of the pseudo emulsion that formed after addtion of the VOE series flow improvers is a new phenomenon in petroleum recovery and oil and gas gathering. In comparison with conventional flow of oil-water mixture, the use of adding agents not only can decrease the cold start pressure very obviously, but also greatly reduce the on-way resistance along the pipeline. However, the mechanisms of this flow phenomenon and the quantitative relationship have not yet been solved, this thesis will investigate the cold start pressure rules and the on-way resistance rule to flow along the pipeline after quiescence and stratification of the oil-water pseudo emulsion, thereby providing the theoretical basis for adding flow improver to achieve the normal atmosphere temperature and low-temperature oil storage and transportation. In this thesis, we mainly studied the action mechanisms of the flow improvers, the factors that affected the cold start-up pressure gradient, the on-way resistance pressure drop and the viscidity influence factors, and the possible results caused by these factors. Based on the theoretical simulation, we determined the fluid type of pseudo emulsion, established the formulae for pressure drop and viscosity, calculated the experimental data, and in-depth discussed the rheological characterization of oil-water mixture after adding the flow improvers.
引文
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[3]刘清林,张冬敏,高艳清.降凝剂在含蜡原油中作用规律的研究.油气储运,1993,12(3):1-5
[4]庞万忠,王彪,陈立滇.大庆、大港原油对降凝剂的感受性及其非烃组分对降凝剂效 果的影响.石油学报,1995,16(2):125-133
[5]张劲军.易凝高粘原油管输技术及其发展.中国工程科学,2002,4(6):71-73
[6]李国平,杨睿.国外减阻剂研制及生产新进展.油气储运,2000,19:3-5
[7]Motier,J.F.and Prilutski,D.J.Case Histories of Polymer Drag Reduction in Crude Oil Lines.Pipe Line Industry,1985,6:33-37
[8]Jean Boschat,Jerome Sabathier et al.Ecuador Plans Expanded Crude Oil Line.Oil&Gas Journal,1995,1:37-41
[9]胡通年.减阻剂在我国输油管道上的应用试验.油气储运,1997,16(6):11-14
[10]Horn,A.F.,Wu,C.D.et al.High Viscosity Crude Drag Reduction.Oil&Gas Journal,1986,6::24-25
[11]孙寿家,郑彤等.缔合性高分子聚合物与油相减阻.高分子通报.1998,2:81-87
[12]宋昭峥,张雪君,葛际江.原油减阻剂的研究概况.油气田地面工程,2000,19(6):7-8
[13]蔡洁.减阻剂的研制及应用.广东石油化工高等专科学校学报,1999,1:35-38
[14]尹国栋,高淮民.聚合物减阻机理研究.油气储运,2002,7:1-2
[15]马卫荣,谭芳,赵玲莉,赵光勇.减阻剂的发展与应用.新疆石油天然气,2005,1(1):71
[2]Wang S L,Flamberg A,Kikabhai T.Selecting the optimum pour point depressant.Hydrocarbon Process,1999,78(2):59-62
[3]刘清林,张冬敏,高艳清.降凝剂在含蜡原油中作用规律的研究.油气储运,1993,12(3):1-5
[4]庞万忠,王彪,陈立滇.大庆、大港原油对降凝剂的感受性及其非烃组分对降凝剂效 果的影响.石油学报,1995,16(2):125-133
[5]张劲军.易凝高粘原油管输技术及其发展.中国工程科学,2002,4(6):71-73
[6]李国平,杨睿.国外减阻剂研制及生产新进展.油气储运,2000,19:3-5
[7]Motier,J.F.and Prilutski,D.J.Case Histories of Polymer Drag Reduction in Crude Oil Lines.Pipe Line Industry,1985,6:33-37
[8]Jean Boschat,Jerome Sabathier et al.Ecuador Plans Expanded Crude Oil Line.Oil&Gas Journal,1995,1:37-41
[9]胡通年.减阻剂在我国输油管道上的应用试验.油气储运,1997,16(6):11-14
[10]Horn,A.F.,Wu,C.D.et al.High Viscosity Crude Drag Reduction.Oil&Gas Journal,1986,6::24-25
[11]孙寿家,郑彤等.缔合性高分子聚合物与油相减阻.高分子通报.1998,2:81-87
[12]宋昭峥,张雪君,葛际江.原油减阻剂的研究概况.油气田地面工程,2000,19(6):7-8
[13]蔡洁.减阻剂的研制及应用.广东石油化工高等专科学校学报,1999,1:35-38
[14]尹国栋,高淮民.聚合物减阻机理研究.油气储运,2002,7:1-2
[15]马卫荣,谭芳,赵玲莉,赵光勇.减阻剂的发展与应用.新疆石油天然气,2005,1(1):71