复合微生物菌剂发酵马铃薯渣生产蛋白饲料的研究
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摘要
中国是世界上的马铃薯生产大国之一。近年来,由于马铃薯淀粉加工业的飞速发展,我国每年都会产生大量的马铃薯渣。如果不能及时合理的处理这些马铃薯渣,就会造成资源的浪费和环境的污染,此与经济的可持续发展相矛盾,因此探寻及时合理的马铃薯渣处理方法势在必行。
本试验以马铃薯渣为发酵底物,选用合适的辅料,以无机氮源为添加剂,系统的研究了单一菌种和复合菌种固态发酵后发酵产物粗蛋白含量的变化,确定了发酵的最佳菌种组合、菌种接种比例和接种量;通过单因素试验,确定了无机氮源类型和添加量及分析了八种辅料的添加效果,同时确定了最合适的培养基水分含量、发酵温度、pH值、料层厚度和发酵时间;通过L~(16)(5~4)正交试验,确定了最优化的菌种接种量、发酵温度、尿素添加量、料层厚度和发酵时间;最后通过对猪的饲喂试验确定了在最优工艺下发酵的马铃薯渣蛋白饲料是否具有良好饲喂效果。
试验结果表明,马铃薯渣发酵的最佳菌种组合为黑曲霉、热带假丝酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌,当其接种比例为2:2:1、接种量在1%时,添加尿素2%,在料层厚度30cm、发酵温度33℃、发酵时间48h、pH自然、水分含量自然的发酵条件下,能得到粗蛋白含量高达13.5%的发酵产品,同发酵原料相比,粗蛋白含量提高126%。饲喂试验可以表明,发酵产品对猪有明显的增重效果,试验组平均日增重610.2g,对照组平均日增重512.6g,增加率14%;发酵产品降低了饲料转化比,试验组料重比为3.85:1,对照组料重比为4.39:1,降低12.3%;发酵产品对猪肉品质及其组织器官有保健促长功能;发酵产品提高了经济效益,试验组的投入出比为1:1.45,对照组的投入出比为1:1.35,提高7.4%,所以确定马铃薯渣蛋白饲料具有良好的饲喂效果。
本试验所确定的发酵工艺不仅解决了农业废弃物马铃薯渣浪费和对环境污染的问题,而且为畜牧业的发展提供了新型微生物发酵蛋白饲料,同时本工艺简单易行、便于操作,降低了生产成本,提高了经济效益。
China is one of the world's largest potato-producing countries. Every year China produces a large number of potato pulp as a result of rapid potato starch production. If the potato pulp is not to be dealed timely and reasonably, it would be a waste of resources and a pollution to the environment. So it will be a contradiction to the sustainable development of China's economy. Therefore it is imperative to explore the timely and reasonable approach of dealing the potato pulp.
In this experiment, we use potato pulp as fermentable substrate, chose appropriate accessories, add inorganic nitrogen, and systematically study the change of crude protein content after the fermentation of single or multiple bacterial in order to ascertain the best combination , proportion and number of bacteria; by testing we also ascertain the additive amount of inorganic nitrogen, the best moisture content , fermentation temperature, pH, thickness of fermentable substrate and fermentation time; by L~(16)(5~4) orthogonal test, we ascertain the optimizational number of bacteria, fermentation temperature, additive amount of inorganic nitrogen, thickness of fermentable substrate and fermentation time; finally,we make sure that the feeding experiment of pigs can reach to a good feeding effect or not.
The experiment results show that the best combination of bacteria to fermentate the potato pulp is Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and Bacillus subtilis, the best proportion is 2:2:1, the best number is 1%, the best additive amount of inorganic nitrogen is 2%. When the thickness of fermentable substrate is 30cm, fermentation temperature is 33℃, pH and moisture content is natural, fermentation time is 48h, the crude protein content after fermentation can reach to the number 13.5%. After the feeding experiment of pigs, the test group is 610.2g, while control group daily gain is 512.6g, so we can make sure that the product can gain weight significantly; the test group's ratio of material to weight is 3.85:1, while the control group is 4.39:1, so we also make sure the product can lower feed conversion ratio; the test group's ratio of input to output is 1:1.45, while the control is 1:1.35,so we also make sure that the product can increase economic efficiency.
The experiment process not only solves the problem of agricultural waste and envionmental pollution, but also provide the new type of microbial protein feed. Besides, the technique is simple enough to operate ,while can lower production costs and improve economic efficiency.
本试验以马铃薯渣为发酵底物,选用合适的辅料,以无机氮源为添加剂,系统的研究了单一菌种和复合菌种固态发酵后发酵产物粗蛋白含量的变化,确定了发酵的最佳菌种组合、菌种接种比例和接种量;通过单因素试验,确定了无机氮源类型和添加量及分析了八种辅料的添加效果,同时确定了最合适的培养基水分含量、发酵温度、pH值、料层厚度和发酵时间;通过L~(16)(5~4)正交试验,确定了最优化的菌种接种量、发酵温度、尿素添加量、料层厚度和发酵时间;最后通过对猪的饲喂试验确定了在最优工艺下发酵的马铃薯渣蛋白饲料是否具有良好饲喂效果。
试验结果表明,马铃薯渣发酵的最佳菌种组合为黑曲霉、热带假丝酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌,当其接种比例为2:2:1、接种量在1%时,添加尿素2%,在料层厚度30cm、发酵温度33℃、发酵时间48h、pH自然、水分含量自然的发酵条件下,能得到粗蛋白含量高达13.5%的发酵产品,同发酵原料相比,粗蛋白含量提高126%。饲喂试验可以表明,发酵产品对猪有明显的增重效果,试验组平均日增重610.2g,对照组平均日增重512.6g,增加率14%;发酵产品降低了饲料转化比,试验组料重比为3.85:1,对照组料重比为4.39:1,降低12.3%;发酵产品对猪肉品质及其组织器官有保健促长功能;发酵产品提高了经济效益,试验组的投入出比为1:1.45,对照组的投入出比为1:1.35,提高7.4%,所以确定马铃薯渣蛋白饲料具有良好的饲喂效果。
本试验所确定的发酵工艺不仅解决了农业废弃物马铃薯渣浪费和对环境污染的问题,而且为畜牧业的发展提供了新型微生物发酵蛋白饲料,同时本工艺简单易行、便于操作,降低了生产成本,提高了经济效益。
China is one of the world's largest potato-producing countries. Every year China produces a large number of potato pulp as a result of rapid potato starch production. If the potato pulp is not to be dealed timely and reasonably, it would be a waste of resources and a pollution to the environment. So it will be a contradiction to the sustainable development of China's economy. Therefore it is imperative to explore the timely and reasonable approach of dealing the potato pulp.
In this experiment, we use potato pulp as fermentable substrate, chose appropriate accessories, add inorganic nitrogen, and systematically study the change of crude protein content after the fermentation of single or multiple bacterial in order to ascertain the best combination , proportion and number of bacteria; by testing we also ascertain the additive amount of inorganic nitrogen, the best moisture content , fermentation temperature, pH, thickness of fermentable substrate and fermentation time; by L~(16)(5~4) orthogonal test, we ascertain the optimizational number of bacteria, fermentation temperature, additive amount of inorganic nitrogen, thickness of fermentable substrate and fermentation time; finally,we make sure that the feeding experiment of pigs can reach to a good feeding effect or not.
The experiment results show that the best combination of bacteria to fermentate the potato pulp is Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and Bacillus subtilis, the best proportion is 2:2:1, the best number is 1%, the best additive amount of inorganic nitrogen is 2%. When the thickness of fermentable substrate is 30cm, fermentation temperature is 33℃, pH and moisture content is natural, fermentation time is 48h, the crude protein content after fermentation can reach to the number 13.5%. After the feeding experiment of pigs, the test group is 610.2g, while control group daily gain is 512.6g, so we can make sure that the product can gain weight significantly; the test group's ratio of material to weight is 3.85:1, while the control group is 4.39:1, so we also make sure the product can lower feed conversion ratio; the test group's ratio of input to output is 1:1.45, while the control is 1:1.35,so we also make sure that the product can increase economic efficiency.
The experiment process not only solves the problem of agricultural waste and envionmental pollution, but also provide the new type of microbial protein feed. Besides, the technique is simple enough to operate ,while can lower production costs and improve economic efficiency.
引文
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