辽河小洼油田蒸汽驱数值模拟研究
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摘要
目前,蒸汽驱是开发稠油油藏的主要手段之一,实施的规模正在不断扩大。蒸汽驱的注入参数对蒸汽驱驱油效果影响非常大。为了获得蒸汽驱油藏最大采收率和最佳经济效果,必须对蒸汽驱注入参数进行优选。油藏数值模拟方法是油气田开发过程中进行方案评价及优选、开发指标预测以及剩余油分布研究等有效手段之一,并且随着计算机的发展该方法在油气田开发过程中所起到的作用越来越重要。
油藏数值模拟是利用计算机模型模拟仿真油气复杂开发过程,动态重现开发历史,预测未来开发动态,优选油田开发方案、预测产量和地层压力动态、研究开发中后期剩余油分布和预测采收率和经济效益以及对整个油田开发的重大问题进行决策的一种有效的工具。
本文针对小洼油田洼38块蒸汽驱试验区的阶段实施情况,对区块的地质特征和开发效果进行分析,建立了试验区的精细三维地质模型,运用数值模拟的方法对试验区的蒸汽驱剩余油分布规律及蒸汽驱参数优化进行研究。研究得出的结论是:稠油油藏采用蒸汽吞吐开发,高轮次吞吐之后,为了提高原油采收率必须转变开发方式,本研究区转成蒸汽驱为最适宜开发方式;蒸汽驱剩余油平面上主要分布在试验区周边和中部、对角井间,纵向上主要分布于油层下部和上部整个小层;蒸汽驱阶段储层动用程度受温度场和压力场的影响,温度和压力高的区域油的流动能力强,储层动用程度高;随蒸汽干度的增大,采出程度和油汽比增加,蒸汽干度是影响蒸汽驱开采效果的重要因素,对于不同的蒸汽驱阶段其影响趋势是有差别的;随蒸汽温度的增加,采出程度和油汽比均增加,对各阶段的影响趋势基本一致。用定注汽量和定产液量两个方案研究得出的最优采注比均为1.2-1.3;随注汽压力增加,采出程度增加,超过7MPa后下降,逐渐趋于平缓;生产井的井底流压对产量有较大的影响,降压开采的效果较好;注汽速度直接影响蒸汽的波及效率,随注汽速度的增加采出程度增加、油汽比下降,最优范围100-120m~3/d。本文的研究成果对指导辽河小洼油田蒸汽驱开采获得最大采收率及最佳经济效益具有非常重要的意义。
Steam flooding is one of the main means to develop heavy oilfield, and is conducted in more heavy oil fields in the world. Steam injection parameters design is very important, which extremely affects success of steam flooding. In order to achieve maximum recovery rate and the optimum economic results, steam injection parameters must be optimized. Numerical simulation is the most effective method for program evaluation and optimization and the forecast of development index and describing the distribution of remaining oil, and the method increasingly is playing a more important role in the process of oil and gas field development with the development of the computer technology.
Numerical simulation can simulate complex process of oil and gas development, match the dynamic development history and forecast the development trend, optimize development program, predict production and reservoir pressure, research distribution discipline of remaining oil, provide recovery rate forecast and economic evaluation.
In the dissertation, on the basis of current dynamic result of steam flooding pilot in Wa 38 block, comprehensive geological analysis and development evaluation are conducted, three dimensions geological models are built, and distribution discipline of remaining oil and steam injection optimization are studied in numerical simulation. After too many times CSS, production declines extremely and economic profit becomes bad, development strategy must be transformed so as to enhance recovery, and steam flooding is the most appropriate development strategy for this block. The distribution of remaining oil in area is primarily in the center , and between cornerways wells of pilot , vertical distribution is in lower part of layers and upper layers. Temperature field and pressure field impact steam flooding effect, heavy oil in the high temperature and pressure area flows easily. Steam dryness has serious effect on steam heating capability, and effect degree is different in different stage. Degree of reserve recovery and oil and gas ratio increase because of the increasing of steam temperature, temperature influence is basically consistent in different phases of steam flooding. Optimal production injection ratio by two designs of invariability steam injection and invariability liquid production is 1.2-1.3. Higher injection pressure is, higher recovery rate is, but when the pressure is more than 7MPa, rising trend of the recovery rate becomes lower. Production pressure drawdown controls well production, lower well bottom pressure is favorable. Steam injection rate affects conformance efficiency of steam, degree of reserve recovery and oil and gas ratio decline with the increasing of steam injection rate, optimal range is 100-120m~3/d. The results of this study have very important significance for acquiring maximum recovery rate and the best economic results for steam flooding of xiaowa oil field in liaohe oil area.
油藏数值模拟是利用计算机模型模拟仿真油气复杂开发过程,动态重现开发历史,预测未来开发动态,优选油田开发方案、预测产量和地层压力动态、研究开发中后期剩余油分布和预测采收率和经济效益以及对整个油田开发的重大问题进行决策的一种有效的工具。
本文针对小洼油田洼38块蒸汽驱试验区的阶段实施情况,对区块的地质特征和开发效果进行分析,建立了试验区的精细三维地质模型,运用数值模拟的方法对试验区的蒸汽驱剩余油分布规律及蒸汽驱参数优化进行研究。研究得出的结论是:稠油油藏采用蒸汽吞吐开发,高轮次吞吐之后,为了提高原油采收率必须转变开发方式,本研究区转成蒸汽驱为最适宜开发方式;蒸汽驱剩余油平面上主要分布在试验区周边和中部、对角井间,纵向上主要分布于油层下部和上部整个小层;蒸汽驱阶段储层动用程度受温度场和压力场的影响,温度和压力高的区域油的流动能力强,储层动用程度高;随蒸汽干度的增大,采出程度和油汽比增加,蒸汽干度是影响蒸汽驱开采效果的重要因素,对于不同的蒸汽驱阶段其影响趋势是有差别的;随蒸汽温度的增加,采出程度和油汽比均增加,对各阶段的影响趋势基本一致。用定注汽量和定产液量两个方案研究得出的最优采注比均为1.2-1.3;随注汽压力增加,采出程度增加,超过7MPa后下降,逐渐趋于平缓;生产井的井底流压对产量有较大的影响,降压开采的效果较好;注汽速度直接影响蒸汽的波及效率,随注汽速度的增加采出程度增加、油汽比下降,最优范围100-120m~3/d。本文的研究成果对指导辽河小洼油田蒸汽驱开采获得最大采收率及最佳经济效益具有非常重要的意义。
Steam flooding is one of the main means to develop heavy oilfield, and is conducted in more heavy oil fields in the world. Steam injection parameters design is very important, which extremely affects success of steam flooding. In order to achieve maximum recovery rate and the optimum economic results, steam injection parameters must be optimized. Numerical simulation is the most effective method for program evaluation and optimization and the forecast of development index and describing the distribution of remaining oil, and the method increasingly is playing a more important role in the process of oil and gas field development with the development of the computer technology.
Numerical simulation can simulate complex process of oil and gas development, match the dynamic development history and forecast the development trend, optimize development program, predict production and reservoir pressure, research distribution discipline of remaining oil, provide recovery rate forecast and economic evaluation.
In the dissertation, on the basis of current dynamic result of steam flooding pilot in Wa 38 block, comprehensive geological analysis and development evaluation are conducted, three dimensions geological models are built, and distribution discipline of remaining oil and steam injection optimization are studied in numerical simulation. After too many times CSS, production declines extremely and economic profit becomes bad, development strategy must be transformed so as to enhance recovery, and steam flooding is the most appropriate development strategy for this block. The distribution of remaining oil in area is primarily in the center , and between cornerways wells of pilot , vertical distribution is in lower part of layers and upper layers. Temperature field and pressure field impact steam flooding effect, heavy oil in the high temperature and pressure area flows easily. Steam dryness has serious effect on steam heating capability, and effect degree is different in different stage. Degree of reserve recovery and oil and gas ratio increase because of the increasing of steam temperature, temperature influence is basically consistent in different phases of steam flooding. Optimal production injection ratio by two designs of invariability steam injection and invariability liquid production is 1.2-1.3. Higher injection pressure is, higher recovery rate is, but when the pressure is more than 7MPa, rising trend of the recovery rate becomes lower. Production pressure drawdown controls well production, lower well bottom pressure is favorable. Steam injection rate affects conformance efficiency of steam, degree of reserve recovery and oil and gas ratio decline with the increasing of steam injection rate, optimal range is 100-120m~3/d. The results of this study have very important significance for acquiring maximum recovery rate and the best economic results for steam flooding of xiaowa oil field in liaohe oil area.
引文
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