喇嘛甸油田砂岩井眼扩大机理和预防技术研究
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摘要
大庆喇嘛甸油田(简称喇区)位于大庆长垣北端,靠近沉积物源,具有高孔隙度、高渗透率的特点。油田经多年注水开发,砂层水洗严重,孔隙胶结结构、岩石力学特征均发生了变化。近年来钻井过程中出现了井眼异常扩大、坍塌问题,严重影响油田开发。砂岩井眼扩大、坍塌是油田注水开发后期出现的新问题,在机理上,与泥岩段井眼扩大有本质的区别。研究砂岩井眼扩大机理和预防技术对于安全高效钻井,确保油田稳产具有重要意义。
论文在统计分析的基础上,对大庆喇嘛甸油田的储层物性变化、电性变化规律、砂岩井眼扩大机理和预防技术、进行了研究。在井眼扩大机理方面,对油田采出水和注入水的化学组成进行了分析和对比,根据离子浓度、固相含量的变化判断注入水对胶结物的破坏方式,并应用X射线衍射技术(XRD)进一步探究胶结物的变化状况。在研究岩石强度变化方面,对岩芯样品进行力学分析,并把力学参数和电性参数结合起来,建立数学模型,应用测井曲线分析岩石的力学性质,通过新老井岩石力学参数的对比,分析岩石强度的变化趋势。在预测砂岩低强度区域方面,依据岩石强度破坏机理,通过计算单层平面流体渗流速度和井点渗流速度剖面划分横向和纵向上砂岩低胶结区域。在防止井眼扩大技术方案研究方面,采取优化钻具组合,规范操作程序,使用低渗透钻井液体系,应用旋流洗井、振动固井等技术保证井眼规则和固井质量。
本文对喇区岩心进行了力学参数测定并对岩石强度纵向分布规律、变化趋势进行了分析,首次建立了砂岩力学参数与电性相关性研究及数学模型,首次提出了根据流体渗流速度预测砂岩低胶结区域的原理和方法。文章根据机理分析结果,开展了防止砂岩井眼扩大、坍塌钻井工艺及大井眼井段固井工艺技术研究工作,经30口井的现场应用,取得了良好效果。
该技术研究过程中运用了油田开发、地球物理、油田化学等领域的理论和方法,为解决油田钻井生产实际问题发挥了重要作用,具有一定的学术价值和应用价值。
Lamadian Oil Field (shortened as La area) located at northward of Daqing placanticline, because of approaches on the deposit provenance, its reservoir has the characteristic of highly porous and high permeability. In process of well drilling recent years, many wells arises the phenomenon which borehole abnormal enlargement and borehole collapse at high permeability sand zone. The phenomenon of borehole enlargement causes the log to distortion, and exerts to interpretation of porosity and permeability and etc. Moreover borehole enlargement may arouse the complex accident during well drilling, and also the difficulty of the cementing operation will be increased, causes the hole cement quality to be worse.
The high permeability sand zone borehole enlargement is the new question which the waterflood oilfield development in later stage, on the mechanisms, it has essential differences with mudstone borehole enlargement and collapsing. In order to study on the mechanism of borehole enlargement and protection techniques in La area, such analysis and research have been done as the following: the research on regularity for change of the formations’property and electric property, comparative analysis on the produced water and the injection water and X ray diffractive analysis on core samples from main formations of oil wells in La area, determination of mechanics parameters of sandstone cores for the first time and research on longitudinal regularities of distribution and variation trend of rock intensity in La area, research on the correlations between mechanics parameters of sandstone and electric property and the establishment of mathematical model, putting forward the theory and methods of predicting low-cementation areas according to fluid penetrating velocity and development of the predicting software, research on preventing enlargement in high-permeability sandstone, on collapse drilling techniques and on cementing techniques in big borehole intervals.
It is concluded that the sedimentary features and exploiting mode of La area have made the injection water produce a destroying effect on formations and have caused borehole enlargement and collapse in sandstone interval of La area in Placanticline Oilfield. The contents of solid particles of the produced water are higher than those of the injection water obviously, which shows the destroying effect of the injection water on formations is mainly washing action currently and the injection water has a strong washing and schlepping effect on clay mineral. The sandstone intensity of La area is comparatively lower, and areas with strong permeation velocity are easily led to borehole enlargement and collapse. Areas with low sandstone intensity can be predicted by calculating penetrating velocity.
According to core sample of Lamadian Oil field in this thesis, mechanics parameter determination、longitudinal distribution rule of rock intensity、change tendency have been studied. For the first time sandstone mechanics parameter、electrical relevant research and mathematical model have been established. According to fluid seepage velocity forecasting principle and method of sandstone low cemented region has been provided. In this thesis, according to mechanism analysis result, developing has been prevented the sandstone bore hole expansion、caving in well drilling craft and big bore hole section well cementation processing technology research work. After 30 well field applications, the good effect has been obtained.
In this engineering research process has utilized domain oil-field development, geophysics, oil field chemistry theories and the methods and so on. In order to solve the oil field well drilling production actual problem to play the vital role. This technology has certain academic value and the application value.
论文在统计分析的基础上,对大庆喇嘛甸油田的储层物性变化、电性变化规律、砂岩井眼扩大机理和预防技术、进行了研究。在井眼扩大机理方面,对油田采出水和注入水的化学组成进行了分析和对比,根据离子浓度、固相含量的变化判断注入水对胶结物的破坏方式,并应用X射线衍射技术(XRD)进一步探究胶结物的变化状况。在研究岩石强度变化方面,对岩芯样品进行力学分析,并把力学参数和电性参数结合起来,建立数学模型,应用测井曲线分析岩石的力学性质,通过新老井岩石力学参数的对比,分析岩石强度的变化趋势。在预测砂岩低强度区域方面,依据岩石强度破坏机理,通过计算单层平面流体渗流速度和井点渗流速度剖面划分横向和纵向上砂岩低胶结区域。在防止井眼扩大技术方案研究方面,采取优化钻具组合,规范操作程序,使用低渗透钻井液体系,应用旋流洗井、振动固井等技术保证井眼规则和固井质量。
本文对喇区岩心进行了力学参数测定并对岩石强度纵向分布规律、变化趋势进行了分析,首次建立了砂岩力学参数与电性相关性研究及数学模型,首次提出了根据流体渗流速度预测砂岩低胶结区域的原理和方法。文章根据机理分析结果,开展了防止砂岩井眼扩大、坍塌钻井工艺及大井眼井段固井工艺技术研究工作,经30口井的现场应用,取得了良好效果。
该技术研究过程中运用了油田开发、地球物理、油田化学等领域的理论和方法,为解决油田钻井生产实际问题发挥了重要作用,具有一定的学术价值和应用价值。
Lamadian Oil Field (shortened as La area) located at northward of Daqing placanticline, because of approaches on the deposit provenance, its reservoir has the characteristic of highly porous and high permeability. In process of well drilling recent years, many wells arises the phenomenon which borehole abnormal enlargement and borehole collapse at high permeability sand zone. The phenomenon of borehole enlargement causes the log to distortion, and exerts to interpretation of porosity and permeability and etc. Moreover borehole enlargement may arouse the complex accident during well drilling, and also the difficulty of the cementing operation will be increased, causes the hole cement quality to be worse.
The high permeability sand zone borehole enlargement is the new question which the waterflood oilfield development in later stage, on the mechanisms, it has essential differences with mudstone borehole enlargement and collapsing. In order to study on the mechanism of borehole enlargement and protection techniques in La area, such analysis and research have been done as the following: the research on regularity for change of the formations’property and electric property, comparative analysis on the produced water and the injection water and X ray diffractive analysis on core samples from main formations of oil wells in La area, determination of mechanics parameters of sandstone cores for the first time and research on longitudinal regularities of distribution and variation trend of rock intensity in La area, research on the correlations between mechanics parameters of sandstone and electric property and the establishment of mathematical model, putting forward the theory and methods of predicting low-cementation areas according to fluid penetrating velocity and development of the predicting software, research on preventing enlargement in high-permeability sandstone, on collapse drilling techniques and on cementing techniques in big borehole intervals.
It is concluded that the sedimentary features and exploiting mode of La area have made the injection water produce a destroying effect on formations and have caused borehole enlargement and collapse in sandstone interval of La area in Placanticline Oilfield. The contents of solid particles of the produced water are higher than those of the injection water obviously, which shows the destroying effect of the injection water on formations is mainly washing action currently and the injection water has a strong washing and schlepping effect on clay mineral. The sandstone intensity of La area is comparatively lower, and areas with strong permeation velocity are easily led to borehole enlargement and collapse. Areas with low sandstone intensity can be predicted by calculating penetrating velocity.
According to core sample of Lamadian Oil field in this thesis, mechanics parameter determination、longitudinal distribution rule of rock intensity、change tendency have been studied. For the first time sandstone mechanics parameter、electrical relevant research and mathematical model have been established. According to fluid seepage velocity forecasting principle and method of sandstone low cemented region has been provided. In this thesis, according to mechanism analysis result, developing has been prevented the sandstone bore hole expansion、caving in well drilling craft and big bore hole section well cementation processing technology research work. After 30 well field applications, the good effect has been obtained.
In this engineering research process has utilized domain oil-field development, geophysics, oil field chemistry theories and the methods and so on. In order to solve the oil field well drilling production actual problem to play the vital role. This technology has certain academic value and the application value.
引文
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