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中国航空油料总公司分销制度创新研究
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摘要
中国已经正式加入世界贸易组织(WTO),在中国经济逐步与WTO基本规则相适应的过程中,在民航发展中扮演重要角色的中国航油市场将出现一系列深刻变化。依照加入世贸组织的承诺,入世后我国成品油市场规则将发生三大变化:一是减让关税;二是取消非关税壁垒;三是逐步放开分销市场。入世后3年内允许外商从事成品油零售业务,5年内允许外商从事成品油批发业务,届时外国石油企业就享有在我国的贸易权和分销权。其中开放成品油分销服务市场对中国航油供应企业的冲击最大。
     中国航空油料总公司(简称中航油)作为国内唯一一家集航空油品采购、运输、供应、销售于一体的企业,在国内航空油品销售市场上占有独家垄断地位。与其他行业性垄断企业一样,总资产达76.3亿元的中航油,内部资产关系错综复杂,很难称得上是一个按照经济规律有效链接起来的经济实体。中航油成立于1990年2月,实行的是中航油承担部分政府职能,集航油资源采购、运输、储存、检测、加注为一体的航油供应管理体制,该体制在当时特定历史条件下发挥了积极的作用。但随着我国市场化进程的加快,这种体制带来的问题日显突出:由于航油供应市场的上游没有放开,两大石油集团垄断国内资源,航油出厂价由国家统一制定,航油的加注市场虽由中航油和地方航油公司多家经营,但每个机场只有一家航油供应公司,航空公司无法选择供油商和加油商。因此,必须尽快对航油供应体制进行改革,通过引入市场竞争机制,促使航油供应企业降低成本进而降低航油价格,提高效率和服务质量,以满足国内航空运输发展
    
    的需要。
     本文通过分析我国航油分销体制的现状,借鉴国外先进机场供油企
    业的改革经验,应用市场营销基本理论,以中航油作为实例,对我国航油
    分销制度改革进行了系统研究,在充分评价现有改革方案的基础上,提出
    航油分销制度改革的过渡性方案,希望能对国内航油供应企业改革提供一
    定的参考价值。
With China' s entering into the WTO, Chinese economy are adjusting to the general principles of WTO gradually. Thus, profound changes will occur in Chinese aviation oil market, which plays a significant role in the development of Chinese Civil Aviation. According to the made-promise by the WTO, there will be three changes in the principles in the market of fully-produced oil. First, reduction in tariff; Second, the abolishment of non-customs barrier; Third, opening the market step by step. Within 3 years after entering the WTO, our government allow the foreign ventures to set their hands on the selling of the retailed oil. Within five years, allow them to deal in the wholesale of fully-produced oil. By then, the foreign petrolic companies will enjoy their commercial and agential rights. The opening of the oil agential market poses the greatest challenge to the Chinese oil companies which provides aviation oil.
    China Aviation Oil Supply Company (CAOSC), acts as the only one domestic company, which combines purchasing, conveyance, supply and selling together. It also occupies the unique monopolistic position. Similar to other companies, CAOSC has 7,630,000,000 capitals. Due to the complexity of the internal capital, it is
    
    
    hardly called as an economic entity which is linked effectively under the economy rules. CAOSC was founded in February, 1990. CAOSC partially fulfils the government' s functions. The aviation oil managerial system includes purchasing of resources, conveyance, storing and testing. This system played an active role in the certain historic periods. However, with the speeding up of the development of the market system, the problem, brought about by this system, seemed to become prominent. Viewing from the supplying system of the aviation oil, and owing to the lacking of restrictions of the aviation supply market, two biggest petrolic monopoly communities have to comply with the petroleum price set by the government. Although the affluxing market of aviation oil is run by CAOAC and other regional aviation companies, each airport has only one aviation oil company to supply it with aviation materials. The aviation companies have no rights to make their choices. Therefore, we must carry out reforms in the aviation oil supply system. By means of importing the market competition mechanism , it will oblige the aviation oil supply companies to reduce their costs. In the meanwhile, the price of the aviation oil will be reduced. The aviation oil supply companies will improve their efficiency and the quality of their service, in order to keep up with the development of Domestic Aviation Transportation.
    
    By analyzing the present condition in the aviation oil selling system in the article, learning some reformatory experiences from the foreign aviation system and taking CAOSC as an example and applying the basic rules of marketing, the article makes creative research of the selling system in the aviation oil field and put forward some transitional schemes about the aviation oil selling. I want to provide some available references to our domestic oil supplying companies.
引文
【1】内部资料:《中国航空油料总公司统计年鉴》1990-2000年
    【2】内部资料:《从统计看民航》1990-2000年
    【3】内部资料:《中国石化总公司统计年鉴》1970-2000年
    【4】内部资料:《中国石油部统计年鉴》1970-2000年
    【5】内部资料:《中国石油天然气总公司统计年鉴》1998-2000年
    【6】H.克里斯.刘易斯著:《管理经济学》,中国人民大学出版社,1998年
    【7】斯蒂格利茨著:《经济学》,中国人民大学出版社,1996年
    【8】菲利普.科特勒著:《营销管理》,上海人民出版社,1996年
    【9】林明华著:《民航发展片论》,经济管理出版社,1999年
    【10】《国际石油经济》,中国石油学会石油经济专业委员会会刊,1999-2001年
    【11】张二震著:《亚太企业大环境》,经济管理出版社,2000年
    【12】康明平著:《成功企业如何做好策略管理》,中国人民大学出版社,2001年
    【13】杨志著:《新经济管理模式》,经济管理出版社,2000年
    【14】余永定、郑秉文著:《中国“入世”研究报告-进入WTO的中国产业》,社会科学文献出版社,1999年
    【15】周志新著:《入世手册》
    【16】张曙光著:《中国宏观经济分析报告》,经济管理出版社,2000年
    
    
    【17】胡鞍钢著:《全球化挑战中国》,北大出版社,2000年
    【18】胡鞍钢著:《能源与发展》,北大出版社,2000年
    【19】米切尔.C.奥森伯格:《未来中国》,中国财政经济出版社,2000年
    【20】罗伯特.S.罗斯:《中国经济发展对国际经济和安全的意义》,中国财政经济出版社,2000年
    【21】克赤罗.优卡萨库著:《中国经济转型及贸易政策改革》,中国财政经济出版社,2000年
    【22】钱颖一著:《中国市场化过渡的制度基础》,经济管理出版社,2000年
    【23】李玉书 阮同英著:《迈入21世纪的中国经济》,中国金融出版社,2000年
    【24】国际货币基金组织:《世界经济展望》,中国金融出版社,2000年
    【25】国家统计局:《国民经济统计报告》1980-1999年
    【26】内部资料:《中国航油》1999-2001年
    【27】内部资料:《2001年加德士为中国航空油料举办的经营研讨会资料》全套
    【1】《China Joins The World Trade Organization: The Impact On Chinese Enterprise Management》,上海科学技术文献出版社,2000年
    【2】Michael R. Czinkota Masaaki Kotabe: 《Marketing Management》, China Machine Press,2001年
    【3】James R. McGuigan:《Managerial Economics-Applications,
    
    Strategy and Tactics》,China Machine Press,2002年
    [4] Michael A.Hitt:《Strategic Management Competitiveness and Globalization》,China Machine Press,2001年

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