西北地区城市景观水体的水质改善技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着国家“西部开发”战略的实施,西北地区城市的经济得到飞速发展、城市规模也不断扩大,造成生态需水量普遍难以保证,城市内湖富营养化不断加重、城市水生态系统严重退化,直接影响到城市景观和水环境质量。城市景观水体作为城市生态系统的重要组成部分,在城市生态建设中显现出非常重要的作用与功能。因此,受污染景观水体的治理显得非常必要。
对西安市两处代表性的景观水体进行了现状调查和取样分析,并进行了水质评价。莲湖公园湖水为V类水,护城河水为劣V类水,均没有达到《景观娱乐用水水质标准》中C类水质标准,而且有继续恶化的趋势,急需采取措施进行水质改善。从可持续发展的战略角度出发,同时考虑到城市防洪的要求,提出复合植物-生物生态浮床水质改善技术。并进行了复合植物-生物生态浮床技术改善景观水体水质的模拟试验。
通过试验得出以风车草、美人蕉和白芋与组合填料组成的复合植物-生物生态浮床技术具有很好的水质净化效果,特别是对水体中氮、磷等营养物质的去除效果明显。试验结果表明,对水体中TN的去除率达到72.66%-78.91%,NH_4~+-N的去除率达到78.76%-90.64%,TP的去除率达到62.63%-82.57%,高锰酸钾指数的去除率达到53.75%-62.12%,去除效率都比单一植物的生态浮床技术的要高,陆生植物生长状况良好,生物量增长迅速。
In recent years, along with implementation of the strategy of "west development" in our country, the western region's economy is stepping into a nice stage, the size of cities is enlarging all the time. All these factors contribute to the result that the amount of water for demand of ecosystem is hardly assured. Eutrophication of urban inside lakes is more and more serious. The city water ecosystem declines seriously, which directly make the urban scenery and the quality of the water environment get worse. The cityscape water body regarded as an important component of the urban ecosystem is demonstrated its irreplaceable function in urban ecology construction. Therefore, it is necessary to control the situation of the cityscape water pollution.
Two representative scenery water of Xi'an are investigated and analyzed. Water quality was evaluated. The result shows that the water of Lianhu Park is of the Category V, and the moat water of Xi'an is the Category inferior V. Both of them don't reach the Category C in "water quality standard for scenery and entertainment water". The water mentioned above have the trend of becoming worse and are in dire need of taking measures to be improved. Considering the strategic of sustainable development and the demand of urban flood control, the compound plants-organic biological floating bed technology to improve water quality is studied and developed, and the simulating experiment of the compound plants-organic biological floating bed technology is carried out.
The result of experiment shows that the compound plants-organic biological floating bed technology which consists of cyperus alternifolius linn, canna generalis, Spathiphyllum kochii and combined medium has a good effect on water purification, especially on the removal of nutriment such as nitrogen, phosphor etc in water. The result of test shows that the removal rate of TN reaches 72.66%-78.91%, the removal rate of NH/-N reach78.76%-90.64%, the removal rate of TP reach 62.63%-82.57%, the removal rate of permanganate index reach 53.75%-62.12%, all of which are higher than that of the single plant-organic biological floating bed technology, the growth status of economic terraneous plant is in good condition, and biology quantity increases quickly.
对西安市两处代表性的景观水体进行了现状调查和取样分析,并进行了水质评价。莲湖公园湖水为V类水,护城河水为劣V类水,均没有达到《景观娱乐用水水质标准》中C类水质标准,而且有继续恶化的趋势,急需采取措施进行水质改善。从可持续发展的战略角度出发,同时考虑到城市防洪的要求,提出复合植物-生物生态浮床水质改善技术。并进行了复合植物-生物生态浮床技术改善景观水体水质的模拟试验。
通过试验得出以风车草、美人蕉和白芋与组合填料组成的复合植物-生物生态浮床技术具有很好的水质净化效果,特别是对水体中氮、磷等营养物质的去除效果明显。试验结果表明,对水体中TN的去除率达到72.66%-78.91%,NH_4~+-N的去除率达到78.76%-90.64%,TP的去除率达到62.63%-82.57%,高锰酸钾指数的去除率达到53.75%-62.12%,去除效率都比单一植物的生态浮床技术的要高,陆生植物生长状况良好,生物量增长迅速。
In recent years, along with implementation of the strategy of "west development" in our country, the western region's economy is stepping into a nice stage, the size of cities is enlarging all the time. All these factors contribute to the result that the amount of water for demand of ecosystem is hardly assured. Eutrophication of urban inside lakes is more and more serious. The city water ecosystem declines seriously, which directly make the urban scenery and the quality of the water environment get worse. The cityscape water body regarded as an important component of the urban ecosystem is demonstrated its irreplaceable function in urban ecology construction. Therefore, it is necessary to control the situation of the cityscape water pollution.
Two representative scenery water of Xi'an are investigated and analyzed. Water quality was evaluated. The result shows that the water of Lianhu Park is of the Category V, and the moat water of Xi'an is the Category inferior V. Both of them don't reach the Category C in "water quality standard for scenery and entertainment water". The water mentioned above have the trend of becoming worse and are in dire need of taking measures to be improved. Considering the strategic of sustainable development and the demand of urban flood control, the compound plants-organic biological floating bed technology to improve water quality is studied and developed, and the simulating experiment of the compound plants-organic biological floating bed technology is carried out.
The result of experiment shows that the compound plants-organic biological floating bed technology which consists of cyperus alternifolius linn, canna generalis, Spathiphyllum kochii and combined medium has a good effect on water purification, especially on the removal of nutriment such as nitrogen, phosphor etc in water. The result of test shows that the removal rate of TN reaches 72.66%-78.91%, the removal rate of NH/-N reach78.76%-90.64%, the removal rate of TP reach 62.63%-82.57%, the removal rate of permanganate index reach 53.75%-62.12%, all of which are higher than that of the single plant-organic biological floating bed technology, the growth status of economic terraneous plant is in good condition, and biology quantity increases quickly.
引文
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[11]张锡辉.水环境修复工程学原理与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[12]孙厚钧.水体增氧技术是改善城市河流湖泊水质的有效措施[J].北京水利,2002,4:35-36
[13]孙从军,张明旭.河道曝气技术在河流污染治理中的应用[J].环境保护,2001,(4):12-15
[14]周杰,章永泰.人工曝气复氧治理黑臭河流[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(4):47-49
[15]张锡辉.水环境修复工程学原理与应用[M].化学工业出版社,2002
[16]邹平,江霜英,高廷耀.城市景观水的处理方法[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(2):24-25
[17]李勇,王超.城市浅水型湖泊底泥磷释放的环境因子影响实验研究[J].江苏环境科技,2002,15(4):4-6
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[19]和丽萍.利用化学杀藻剂控制滇池蓝藻水华研究[J].云南环境科学,2001,20(2):43-44
[20]王国祥,成小英,濮培民.湖泊藻型富营养化控制-技术、理论及应用[J].湖泊科学,2002,14(3):273-282
[21]蔡启铭.太湖环境生态研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1998:188-201
[22]沈德中.污染环境的生物修复[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[23]王海珍,陈德辉,王全喜.水生植被对富营氧化湖泊生态恢复的作用[J].自然杂 志,2001,24(1):33-36
[24]朱斌,陈飞星.利用水生植物净化富营养化水体的研究进展[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(9):564-567
[25]吴振斌,邱东茹,贺锋.水生植物对富营养化水体水质净化作用研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2001,19(4):299-303.
[26]黄亚,傅以钢,赵建夫.富营养化水体水生植物修复机理的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24:379-383
[27]丁吉震.CBS水体修复技术[J].洁净煤技术,2000,6(4):36-38.
[28]李捍东,王庆生.优势复合菌群用于城市生活污水净化新技术的研究[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(5):14-16
[29]李正魁,濮培民.辐射聚合固定化反硝化菌去除污水中硝酸盐[J].江苏农业学报,2000,16(1):37-40
[30]李正魁,濮培民,胡维平.固定化细菌技术及其在物理生态工程中的应用-固定化氮循环细菌对水生生态系统的修复[J].江苏农业学报,2001,17(4):248-252
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