沥青路面节能减排量化分析方法及评价体系研究
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摘要
在目前资源与环境问题日益突出的国际背景下，沥青路面建设和运营养护产生的能耗高、温室气体及有害烟尘排放量大等环境问题已日益引起国内外的广泛重视。但是目前我国对于沥青路面能耗与排放多采用定性分析，缺乏量化分析与评价体系，无法明确节能减排效果和生态效益，这在一定程度上阻碍了沥青路面节能减排技术的推广和应用。因此，建立科学合理的节能减排量化分析评价体系是目前沥青路面节能减排研究领域的一项重要研究课题。
以生命周期的分析视角，采用文献调查与现场调查相结合的方式，调查目前国内外沥青混合料生产过程、沥青路面建设过程以及沥青路面运营和使用过程中的能源消耗与气体排放现状，收集路面材料、生产工艺、建设流程以及机械设备和车辆参数，分析影响沥青路面能耗与排放的关键因素和工艺流程，在此基础上确定沥青路面能耗与排放流程及影响因素。
论证生命周期分析方法用于沥青路面能耗与排放量化分析的可行性，通过比较三种不同类型的生命周期分析方法，选择基于流程的生命周期分析用于沥青路面能耗与排放量化分析，同时参照ISO14040对生命周期分析的相关规定，建立沥青路面节能减排量化分析体系的基本框架。
以定额法和排放因子法为基础，结合调查法和理论法，提出沥青路面建设阶段能耗与排放量化计算方法和详细计算过程；在此基础上，建立沥青路面建设阶段能耗与排放量化分析模型，并应用该分析模型对新建沥青路面工程进行了量化分析，为建设工程节能减排措施的应用提供科学的指导。
分析路面使用时间t、平整度指数IRI、车辆行驶速度v以及油耗Fc之间的量化关系，提出“路面状况-车速-能耗与排放”量化预估模型建立方法，并采用参数传递法建立基于路面状况的能耗量化预估模型。同时，结合养护工程材料与机械设备的特点，在定额法与排放因子法的基础上，提出沥青路面养护维修阶段能耗与排放量化分析方法，建立了养护维修阶段能耗与排放量化模型。最终，建立沥青路面使用阶段能耗与排放量化分析模型，并采用该模型对新建沥青路面工程进行量化分析，提出采用低碳技术、提高沥青路面路用性能等节能减排方向。
从科学性、约束性和激励性的角度，选取了沥青路面节能减排评价指标，并分别提出I水平和II水平评价指标的基准值，建立沥青路面节能减排评价指标体系。以此为基础，采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法，建立三阶段的沥青路面节能减排综合评价方法及其评价流程。同时，以Excel为平台，设计开发具有实用简便的沥青路面节能减排分析评价系统E3SAP。
本文研究成果可以为沥青路面节能减排评价提供科学指导，弥补我国节能减排量化评价方法空白，具有重要的理论意义和良好的推广应用前景。
Under the international background of resources and environmental issues are becomingincreasingly prominent, environmental problems such as high energy consumption, largeemissions of greenhouse gases and harmful dust resulted from construction, operation andmaintenance of asphalt pavement have drawn extensive attention at home and abroad. Butrecently, there is still lack of quantitative analysis method and evaluation system, analysis ofenergy consumption and air emissions of asphalt pavement are usually based on qualitativeanalysis. So, the effects of energy-saving and emission-reduction and its ecological benefitsare still unknown, which hindering the application and promotion of energy saving andemission reduction technology used in asphalt pavement. Therefore, establishing a scientificand reasonable quantitative analysis of energy conservation and emissions reductionevaluation system is an important research subject in the field of the energy conservation andemission reduction study for asphalt pavement.
According to the perspective of life cycle assessment, combining literature survey andfield investigation, the current situation of energy consumption and air emission during theprocess of asphalt mixture production, asphalt pavement construction, asphalt pavementoperation and maintenance was investigated, the construction materials, productivetechnology, construction process, mechanical equipment and vehicle parameters werecollected, key factors and process which influencing energy consumption and air emission ofasphalt pavement were analyzed. According to that, the flow and influencing factors ofenergy consumption and air emission of asphalt pavement were determined.
The feasibility of life cycle assessment used for energy consumption and air emissionwas analyzed, and according to comparative analysis of three different types of life cycleassessment methods, the process LCA was selected to conduct quantitative analysis of asphaltpavement energy consumption and air emission. Then, based on the provisions of ISO14040,the framework of quantitative analysis of asphalt pavement energy saving and air emissionreduction was established.
Based on quota and emission factor, combing with investigation and theoretical method,the quantitative calculation method and its detailed process of asphalt pavement energyconsumption and air emission during asphalt pavement construction were proposed.According to that, the quantitative analysis model was established, and this model was usedto conduct a quantitative analysis for new asphalt pavement project, the analysis results couldprovide scientific guidance for application of energy saving and emission reductiontechnology.
The quantitative relation of asphalt pavement service time, international roughness index,vehicle speed and fuel consumption was analyzed, and the quantitative prediction model‘pavement surface condition-vehicle speed-energy consumption and air emission’ wasestablished. At the same time, according to the feature of materials and equipments used inasphalt pavement maintenance project, the energy consumption and air emission model forasphalt pavement maintenance phase was established. Finally, the quantitative analysis modelfor this phase was established and used for a new asphalt pavement project. The energysaving and emission reduction measures, such as applying low carbon technology andimproving asphalt pavement performance were proposed according to the analysis results.
From the perspective of scientific, binding and incentive, the evaluation indicators forenergy saving and emission reduction of asphalt pavement were selected, and the referencevalue of these indicators for I level and II level were proposed respectively, according to that,the evaluation indicators system for energy saving and emission reduction of asphaltpavement was established. Applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzycomprehensive evaluation method, the three phase comprehensive evaluation method andprocess of energy saving and emission reduction of asphalt pavement was proposed. Then,based on Excel program, the simple and practical program E3SAP was designed.
以生命周期的分析视角，采用文献调查与现场调查相结合的方式，调查目前国内外沥青混合料生产过程、沥青路面建设过程以及沥青路面运营和使用过程中的能源消耗与气体排放现状，收集路面材料、生产工艺、建设流程以及机械设备和车辆参数，分析影响沥青路面能耗与排放的关键因素和工艺流程，在此基础上确定沥青路面能耗与排放流程及影响因素。
论证生命周期分析方法用于沥青路面能耗与排放量化分析的可行性，通过比较三种不同类型的生命周期分析方法，选择基于流程的生命周期分析用于沥青路面能耗与排放量化分析，同时参照ISO14040对生命周期分析的相关规定，建立沥青路面节能减排量化分析体系的基本框架。
以定额法和排放因子法为基础，结合调查法和理论法，提出沥青路面建设阶段能耗与排放量化计算方法和详细计算过程；在此基础上，建立沥青路面建设阶段能耗与排放量化分析模型，并应用该分析模型对新建沥青路面工程进行了量化分析，为建设工程节能减排措施的应用提供科学的指导。
分析路面使用时间t、平整度指数IRI、车辆行驶速度v以及油耗Fc之间的量化关系，提出“路面状况-车速-能耗与排放”量化预估模型建立方法，并采用参数传递法建立基于路面状况的能耗量化预估模型。同时，结合养护工程材料与机械设备的特点，在定额法与排放因子法的基础上，提出沥青路面养护维修阶段能耗与排放量化分析方法，建立了养护维修阶段能耗与排放量化模型。最终，建立沥青路面使用阶段能耗与排放量化分析模型，并采用该模型对新建沥青路面工程进行量化分析，提出采用低碳技术、提高沥青路面路用性能等节能减排方向。
从科学性、约束性和激励性的角度，选取了沥青路面节能减排评价指标，并分别提出I水平和II水平评价指标的基准值，建立沥青路面节能减排评价指标体系。以此为基础，采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法，建立三阶段的沥青路面节能减排综合评价方法及其评价流程。同时，以Excel为平台，设计开发具有实用简便的沥青路面节能减排分析评价系统E3SAP。
本文研究成果可以为沥青路面节能减排评价提供科学指导，弥补我国节能减排量化评价方法空白，具有重要的理论意义和良好的推广应用前景。
Under the international background of resources and environmental issues are becomingincreasingly prominent, environmental problems such as high energy consumption, largeemissions of greenhouse gases and harmful dust resulted from construction, operation andmaintenance of asphalt pavement have drawn extensive attention at home and abroad. Butrecently, there is still lack of quantitative analysis method and evaluation system, analysis ofenergy consumption and air emissions of asphalt pavement are usually based on qualitativeanalysis. So, the effects of energy-saving and emission-reduction and its ecological benefitsare still unknown, which hindering the application and promotion of energy saving andemission reduction technology used in asphalt pavement. Therefore, establishing a scientificand reasonable quantitative analysis of energy conservation and emissions reductionevaluation system is an important research subject in the field of the energy conservation andemission reduction study for asphalt pavement.
According to the perspective of life cycle assessment, combining literature survey andfield investigation, the current situation of energy consumption and air emission during theprocess of asphalt mixture production, asphalt pavement construction, asphalt pavementoperation and maintenance was investigated, the construction materials, productivetechnology, construction process, mechanical equipment and vehicle parameters werecollected, key factors and process which influencing energy consumption and air emission ofasphalt pavement were analyzed. According to that, the flow and influencing factors ofenergy consumption and air emission of asphalt pavement were determined.
The feasibility of life cycle assessment used for energy consumption and air emissionwas analyzed, and according to comparative analysis of three different types of life cycleassessment methods, the process LCA was selected to conduct quantitative analysis of asphaltpavement energy consumption and air emission. Then, based on the provisions of ISO14040,the framework of quantitative analysis of asphalt pavement energy saving and air emissionreduction was established.
Based on quota and emission factor, combing with investigation and theoretical method,the quantitative calculation method and its detailed process of asphalt pavement energyconsumption and air emission during asphalt pavement construction were proposed.According to that, the quantitative analysis model was established, and this model was usedto conduct a quantitative analysis for new asphalt pavement project, the analysis results couldprovide scientific guidance for application of energy saving and emission reductiontechnology.
The quantitative relation of asphalt pavement service time, international roughness index,vehicle speed and fuel consumption was analyzed, and the quantitative prediction model‘pavement surface condition-vehicle speed-energy consumption and air emission’ wasestablished. At the same time, according to the feature of materials and equipments used inasphalt pavement maintenance project, the energy consumption and air emission model forasphalt pavement maintenance phase was established. Finally, the quantitative analysis modelfor this phase was established and used for a new asphalt pavement project. The energysaving and emission reduction measures, such as applying low carbon technology andimproving asphalt pavement performance were proposed according to the analysis results.
From the perspective of scientific, binding and incentive, the evaluation indicators forenergy saving and emission reduction of asphalt pavement were selected, and the referencevalue of these indicators for I level and II level were proposed respectively, according to that,the evaluation indicators system for energy saving and emission reduction of asphaltpavement was established. Applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzycomprehensive evaluation method, the three phase comprehensive evaluation method andprocess of energy saving and emission reduction of asphalt pavement was proposed. Then,based on Excel program, the simple and practical program E3SAP was designed.
引文
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