渤南洼陷沙四上段储层地质建模
|
摘要
深层的油气勘探远景是当全球石油工业界普遍关注的问题，它涉及到通过深部勘探来寻找含油气的新层系、新领域等重要问题。渤南洼陷是济阳坳陷深层攻关的主要目标区之一。该区深层沙四上段砂岩油层的勘探开发一直存在较大的难度，集中体现于不能有效获得最佳试采效果并长期稳产，产量有时在短短几天内可由数十吨降至工业品级之下。研究认为该生产问题与储层内严重的非均质性有关，而储层的非均质性则明显受沉积相带展布规律的控制。论文研究的目的就是利用储层地质建模手段，建立储层的沉积相、岩性及储层物性(孔隙度、渗透率)的三维分布模型，从而深化沙四上段的储层非均质性分布规律的认识。
沙四上段发育时期，渤南洼陷处于干旱—半干旱气候条件下，表现为东北陡、西南缓的箕状洼陷。洼陷内的沉积相带展布比较复杂，发育有深水盐湖、水进型扇三角洲、近岸浊积扇、滑塌浊积扇及带供给水道的远岸浊积扇等5种沉积体系。由下向上物源碎屑的供应量迅速减少，表现为扇三角洲的规模急剧变小。物源方向在不同发育时期略有变化，由NNE向NEE逐渐偏转。垂向上，沿东部边界孤西同生断裂带发育的一系列浊积扇和扇三角洲由于迁移摆动，砂体可以相互叠置连片。
应用高分辨率层序地层学原理对沙四上段进行了四级层序划分与对比。研究认为，由下向上盆内的构造起伏逐渐变小，可容纳空间逐渐减小；盆地地形形态由强烈起伏逐渐变得平缓，表现为由初期的4个较分散次级洼陷逐渐演变为晚期的单一洼陷——渤深5洼陷，反映了盆地由裂陷阶段向裂陷萎缩阶段逐渐演化的过程；同时，构造走向也由NW—SE逐渐转为NE—SW。
根据成岩演化分析可知，研究区内共发育有三个次生孔隙发育带，上部的两个带孔隙度较小，下部次生孔隙带较发育，孔隙度可达10～18％，其深度介于3500～3700m之间。对各次生孔隙发育带的储集性能进行了评价。
应用四级层序界面进行控制，利用Gridstat Pro软件开展了等时性相控建模研究，建立了沉积相模型、岩性分布模型及储层物性模型(包括孔隙度、渗透率及产能系数模型)。
综合分析认为，有利储集相带为洼陷东部深洼区附近的义159井区扇三角洲扇端砂体、义160井区扇三角洲的扇中及扇端砂体、近岸浊积扇及滑塌浊积扇的中扇及外扇砂体。垂向上以剖面中上部的砂体最为有利；剖面下部砂体最发育，但该时期洼陷内的深水盐湖相不发育，因此并不利于油气的聚集。
The petroleum exploraion prospective in deep burial strata is an issue concerned on petroleum industry all over the world. It involves in some important problems, such as finding new petroliferous strata or fields by exploring deeper buried strata. Bonan sag is one of the key targets of the Jiyang depression's deep buried strata. But during long time, it is very difficult for the exploration and development of sandstone oil layers on the upper part of the fouth member of Shahejie Formation. It is mainly represented as it can't be got the optimum production test effect and can't keep long term rate-maintenance. Research shows that the production problem is related to serious reservoir heterogenity, which is dominated by the distribution of depositional facies. The aim of the paper is to build 3D geological model, including depositional facies model, lithology model, petrophysical models such as porosity model and permeability model. These models will help reservoir engineer to further understand the distribut
ion of reservoir heterogenity of the upper part of the fouth member of Shahejie Formation.
During the development and deposition about the fouth member of Shahejie Formation, Bonan sag is under the condition of arid to semiarid climate. During this period, Bonan sag was a half graben which is steep in the northeast and gentle in the southwest. The distribution of depositional facies in Bonan sag is very complex, which include five depositional systems, such as salt lake of deep water, transgressive fan delta, proximal turbidite fan, slump turbidite fan, distal turbidite fan. From lower to upper, deliverability of supply source debris rappidly reduced, the result is that the scale of the fan deltas rappidly lessened. The direction of supply source has slightly varied from NNE to NEE in different phases. Vertically, a series of turbidite fans and fan deltas developed along eastern border of Guxi contemporaneous fault zone and sandbodies were overlaped with each other.
Applied the high resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, the upper part of the fouth member of Shahejie Formation is carried on the fouth order sequence classification and correlation. The research shows that with the time goes by, structural relief is smaller and accommondation is smaller as well. Topography of basin becomes to be simple. Four dispersed sub-sag grown to one sag (Boshen 5 sag), which reflected the process of rift stage converted to rift shrinking stage. At the same time, structural strike varied from N W-SE to NE-SW.
With diagenetic evoluation analysis, there are three secondary porosity zones, two of them located in the upper part of the profile whose porosity is small, the other one is located in the lower part whose porosity is up to 10% -18%.
Controlled by the fouth sequence boundary, with chronostratigraphic modeling research with Gridstat Pro software, some models such as depositional facies model, lithology distribution and reservoir quality model(include porosity, permeability and productivity ratio) have been built.
From comprehensive analysis, the conclusion can be drawn that the favorable reservoir of the upper part of the forth member of Shahejie Formation of Bonan sag is the outer fan sandbody of fan delta near the Y159 of the eastern part of the sag, the middle fan and outer fan of Y160, midian fan and distal fan of proximal turbidite and slump turbidite. Vertically, the upper sand body is more favorable. Though the sand of the lower part of the profile is more developed, the salt lake of deep water facies is undeveloped, which is disadvantage for the petroleum's congragation.
沙四上段发育时期，渤南洼陷处于干旱—半干旱气候条件下，表现为东北陡、西南缓的箕状洼陷。洼陷内的沉积相带展布比较复杂，发育有深水盐湖、水进型扇三角洲、近岸浊积扇、滑塌浊积扇及带供给水道的远岸浊积扇等5种沉积体系。由下向上物源碎屑的供应量迅速减少，表现为扇三角洲的规模急剧变小。物源方向在不同发育时期略有变化，由NNE向NEE逐渐偏转。垂向上，沿东部边界孤西同生断裂带发育的一系列浊积扇和扇三角洲由于迁移摆动，砂体可以相互叠置连片。
应用高分辨率层序地层学原理对沙四上段进行了四级层序划分与对比。研究认为，由下向上盆内的构造起伏逐渐变小，可容纳空间逐渐减小；盆地地形形态由强烈起伏逐渐变得平缓，表现为由初期的4个较分散次级洼陷逐渐演变为晚期的单一洼陷——渤深5洼陷，反映了盆地由裂陷阶段向裂陷萎缩阶段逐渐演化的过程；同时，构造走向也由NW—SE逐渐转为NE—SW。
根据成岩演化分析可知，研究区内共发育有三个次生孔隙发育带，上部的两个带孔隙度较小，下部次生孔隙带较发育，孔隙度可达10～18％，其深度介于3500～3700m之间。对各次生孔隙发育带的储集性能进行了评价。
应用四级层序界面进行控制，利用Gridstat Pro软件开展了等时性相控建模研究，建立了沉积相模型、岩性分布模型及储层物性模型(包括孔隙度、渗透率及产能系数模型)。
综合分析认为，有利储集相带为洼陷东部深洼区附近的义159井区扇三角洲扇端砂体、义160井区扇三角洲的扇中及扇端砂体、近岸浊积扇及滑塌浊积扇的中扇及外扇砂体。垂向上以剖面中上部的砂体最为有利；剖面下部砂体最发育，但该时期洼陷内的深水盐湖相不发育，因此并不利于油气的聚集。
The petroleum exploraion prospective in deep burial strata is an issue concerned on petroleum industry all over the world. It involves in some important problems, such as finding new petroliferous strata or fields by exploring deeper buried strata. Bonan sag is one of the key targets of the Jiyang depression's deep buried strata. But during long time, it is very difficult for the exploration and development of sandstone oil layers on the upper part of the fouth member of Shahejie Formation. It is mainly represented as it can't be got the optimum production test effect and can't keep long term rate-maintenance. Research shows that the production problem is related to serious reservoir heterogenity, which is dominated by the distribution of depositional facies. The aim of the paper is to build 3D geological model, including depositional facies model, lithology model, petrophysical models such as porosity model and permeability model. These models will help reservoir engineer to further understand the distribut
ion of reservoir heterogenity of the upper part of the fouth member of Shahejie Formation.
During the development and deposition about the fouth member of Shahejie Formation, Bonan sag is under the condition of arid to semiarid climate. During this period, Bonan sag was a half graben which is steep in the northeast and gentle in the southwest. The distribution of depositional facies in Bonan sag is very complex, which include five depositional systems, such as salt lake of deep water, transgressive fan delta, proximal turbidite fan, slump turbidite fan, distal turbidite fan. From lower to upper, deliverability of supply source debris rappidly reduced, the result is that the scale of the fan deltas rappidly lessened. The direction of supply source has slightly varied from NNE to NEE in different phases. Vertically, a series of turbidite fans and fan deltas developed along eastern border of Guxi contemporaneous fault zone and sandbodies were overlaped with each other.
Applied the high resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, the upper part of the fouth member of Shahejie Formation is carried on the fouth order sequence classification and correlation. The research shows that with the time goes by, structural relief is smaller and accommondation is smaller as well. Topography of basin becomes to be simple. Four dispersed sub-sag grown to one sag (Boshen 5 sag), which reflected the process of rift stage converted to rift shrinking stage. At the same time, structural strike varied from N W-SE to NE-SW.
With diagenetic evoluation analysis, there are three secondary porosity zones, two of them located in the upper part of the profile whose porosity is small, the other one is located in the lower part whose porosity is up to 10% -18%.
Controlled by the fouth sequence boundary, with chronostratigraphic modeling research with Gridstat Pro software, some models such as depositional facies model, lithology distribution and reservoir quality model(include porosity, permeability and productivity ratio) have been built.
From comprehensive analysis, the conclusion can be drawn that the favorable reservoir of the upper part of the forth member of Shahejie Formation of Bonan sag is the outer fan sandbody of fan delta near the Y159 of the eastern part of the sag, the middle fan and outer fan of Y160, midian fan and distal fan of proximal turbidite and slump turbidite. Vertically, the upper sand body is more favorable. Though the sand of the lower part of the profile is more developed, the salt lake of deep water facies is undeveloped, which is disadvantage for the petroleum's congragation.
引文
【1】 于兴河、李剑峰，1996年，《碎屑岩系储层地质建模与计算机模拟》，地质出版社。
【2】 关浚茂、于兴河、谢承强、李丽霞，1995年，不同沉积环境储层的层内非均质性，《现代地质》第9卷，第4期，中国地质大学研究生院学报。
【3】 于兴河、郑浚茂、宋立衡、张玉明、肖海燕，1997年，断陷盆地三角洲砂体的沉积作用与储层内非均质性特点，《地球科学》第22卷，第1期，中国地质大学学报。
【4】 于兴河、郑浚茂、宋立衡、肖海燕、张玉明，1997年，构造、沉积与成岩综合一体化模式的建立，《沉积学报》第15卷，第3期。
【5】 裘亦楠，1993，《国外储层建模技术》，中国石油天然气总公司信息研究所。
【6】 张一伟、熊琦华等，1997，《陆相油藏描述》，石油工业出版社。
【7】 裘亦楠、薛叔浩，1994，《油气储层评价技术》，石油工业出版社。
【8】 吴胜和、金振奎、黄沧钿、陈崇河，1999年，《储层建模》，石油工业出版社。
【9】 王良忱、张金亮，1996年，《沉积环境和沉积相》
【10】 洪有密，1993年，《测井原理与综合解释》，石油大学出版社
【11】 康仁华，刘魁元，钱峥，罗家地区下第三系辉绿岩建造及成藏特征，特种油气藏，2000年，第2期
【12】 M. Rovellini Et Al, Facies Related Geological Model: A Reliable Method to Describe Complex Reservoirs, Petroleum Geosciences, 1998, Vol. 4, No. 3, P. 227～235.
【13】 Alister C. Macdonald Et Al, Stochastic Modeling of Incised Valley Geometries, 1998, AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 82, No. 6, P. 1156～1172.
【14】 Yarus, J. M. &Chambers, R. L. 1998, Stochastic Modeling and Geostatistics: Principles, Methods, and Case Studies.
【15】 Jian X, Olea R A Yu Y S. 1995. Semivariogram Modeling By Weighted Least Squares: Computers & Geosciences, in Preparation.
【16】 Emannel A. S., Alameda G. K., Behrens R. A. and Jenett T. A., 1989, Reservoir performance predictio methods based on fractal geostatistics. SPE Reservoir Engineering. pp. 311～318.
【17】 Gross T. A, Baker M R, Chapin M A, Et Al. 1993. Application of High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy to Reservoir Analysis, in R. Eschard and B. Doligez, Eds., Subsurface Reservoir Characterization from Outcrop Observations: Editions Technip, Paris: P. 11～33.
【18】 Olea R A. 1992. Kriging-understanding Allays Intimidation, Vol. 7, No. 5: P. 12～17.
【19】 H. kupfersberger and C. V. Deutsch, Methodology for Integrating Analog Geologic Data in 3-D Variogram Modeling, AAPG Bulletin 1999, Vol. 83, NO.8
【20】 Jerry L. Jensen and Patrick W..M. Corbert Methodology for Integrating Analog Geologic Data in 3-D Variogram Modeling: Discussion, AAPG Bulletin,Vol85,NO.4.
【2】 关浚茂、于兴河、谢承强、李丽霞，1995年，不同沉积环境储层的层内非均质性，《现代地质》第9卷，第4期，中国地质大学研究生院学报。
【3】 于兴河、郑浚茂、宋立衡、张玉明、肖海燕，1997年，断陷盆地三角洲砂体的沉积作用与储层内非均质性特点，《地球科学》第22卷，第1期，中国地质大学学报。
【4】 于兴河、郑浚茂、宋立衡、肖海燕、张玉明，1997年，构造、沉积与成岩综合一体化模式的建立，《沉积学报》第15卷，第3期。
【5】 裘亦楠，1993，《国外储层建模技术》，中国石油天然气总公司信息研究所。
【6】 张一伟、熊琦华等，1997，《陆相油藏描述》，石油工业出版社。
【7】 裘亦楠、薛叔浩，1994，《油气储层评价技术》，石油工业出版社。
【8】 吴胜和、金振奎、黄沧钿、陈崇河，1999年，《储层建模》，石油工业出版社。
【9】 王良忱、张金亮，1996年，《沉积环境和沉积相》
【10】 洪有密，1993年，《测井原理与综合解释》，石油大学出版社
【11】 康仁华，刘魁元，钱峥，罗家地区下第三系辉绿岩建造及成藏特征，特种油气藏，2000年，第2期
【12】 M. Rovellini Et Al, Facies Related Geological Model: A Reliable Method to Describe Complex Reservoirs, Petroleum Geosciences, 1998, Vol. 4, No. 3, P. 227～235.
【13】 Alister C. Macdonald Et Al, Stochastic Modeling of Incised Valley Geometries, 1998, AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 82, No. 6, P. 1156～1172.
【14】 Yarus, J. M. &Chambers, R. L. 1998, Stochastic Modeling and Geostatistics: Principles, Methods, and Case Studies.
【15】 Jian X, Olea R A Yu Y S. 1995. Semivariogram Modeling By Weighted Least Squares: Computers & Geosciences, in Preparation.
【16】 Emannel A. S., Alameda G. K., Behrens R. A. and Jenett T. A., 1989, Reservoir performance predictio methods based on fractal geostatistics. SPE Reservoir Engineering. pp. 311～318.
【17】 Gross T. A, Baker M R, Chapin M A, Et Al. 1993. Application of High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy to Reservoir Analysis, in R. Eschard and B. Doligez, Eds., Subsurface Reservoir Characterization from Outcrop Observations: Editions Technip, Paris: P. 11～33.
【18】 Olea R A. 1992. Kriging-understanding Allays Intimidation, Vol. 7, No. 5: P. 12～17.
【19】 H. kupfersberger and C. V. Deutsch, Methodology for Integrating Analog Geologic Data in 3-D Variogram Modeling, AAPG Bulletin 1999, Vol. 83, NO.8
【20】 Jerry L. Jensen and Patrick W..M. Corbert Methodology for Integrating Analog Geologic Data in 3-D Variogram Modeling: Discussion, AAPG Bulletin,Vol85,NO.4.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |