基于PLC的高压电机斩波串调控制系统的设计与实现
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摘要
本文从工程应用的角度出发,在分析清楚和研究透彻高压电机斩波串级调速控制系统的基础上,实现基于PLC的串调控制系统的逻辑控制、定时控制、计数控制、顺序控制。由于PLC具有控制可靠性高、易于编程和灵活性等特点可以方便地用于工业控制领域,是串级调速实现自动化、智能化控制的核心控制元件。
本文以德国西门子公司的S7-200系列小型PLC的CPU224为控制主机,实现了串调系统丰富的自动控制和动作逻辑功能,并完成友好的人机交互界面的设计。控制内容包括:根据系统状态转移图利用功能指令-顺序控制指令实现系统的多流程控制,即系统启动、停车、调速、全速各个状态的转移,以及状态转移过程中进行的接触器操作。除此之外,还在主程序中调用各个子程序,实现升降速调整、基于PLC的PWM输出功能的斩波控制、模拟量的采集和处理、水阻极板控制功能,以及实现就地/远方,手动/自动控制模式切换的功能。
本文首先研究和分析了内馈斩波串级调速系统的工作原理,在此基础上进行了基于PLC的高压电机斩波串级调速控制系统硬件选型及PLC软件编制两个方面的工作。具体包括工程控制需求分析、系统分析、系统总体设计、系统可靠性设计以及具体设计和软件编制。然后通过搭建实验台进行控制系统程序的调试、测试。最后实现保护定值,工作模式,最低转速,最高转速,升降速率等系统参数设置和可在线修定更改以及系统的运行状态、控制模式、运行参数及故障报警信息显示等功能。
From the view point of engineering application, this thesis implements the PLC cascade speed regulation control system of logic control, time control, counting control and sequence control based on the crisp analysis and thorough research of high-voltage motor cascade speed regulation control system. PLC is the core control element l of the cascade speed regulation control system.
By adopting S7-200 PLC-CPU224 as main unit, the automatic control, the action logical function of cascade speed regulation system is realized, and friendly human-machine interface is developed. The following works have been done: according to the system status transfer diagram, using sequence control instruction to implement the process control. That is to say, the system status transfer beween startup, stop state, speed regulation status and full speed state, and the operation of contactors at the transfer process. In addition, calling the subroutine in the mainline program, to implement the speed adjustment, chopped control based on PWM output function of PLC, analogue data acquisition and process, water resistance control and to acomplish control mode switching.
Firstly, this thesis researches and analyses the working principle of internal feedback chop-wave cascade speed-regulation system. And based on above analysis the hardware selectinon and PLC control program design of the PLC cascade speed regulation control system are developed. Including concretely: engineering control requirement analysis, system analysis, overall design of the control system, reliability design of the control system, and software design. Then build the experiment system to debug and test the control program. Finally, to realize setup and on-line modifying of system parameter, including protection setting value, work mode, the lowest speed, the highest speed of the motor, the rate of ascending/descending, and to implement the display function of the system running status, control mode, running parameters and alarm information.
本文以德国西门子公司的S7-200系列小型PLC的CPU224为控制主机,实现了串调系统丰富的自动控制和动作逻辑功能,并完成友好的人机交互界面的设计。控制内容包括:根据系统状态转移图利用功能指令-顺序控制指令实现系统的多流程控制,即系统启动、停车、调速、全速各个状态的转移,以及状态转移过程中进行的接触器操作。除此之外,还在主程序中调用各个子程序,实现升降速调整、基于PLC的PWM输出功能的斩波控制、模拟量的采集和处理、水阻极板控制功能,以及实现就地/远方,手动/自动控制模式切换的功能。
本文首先研究和分析了内馈斩波串级调速系统的工作原理,在此基础上进行了基于PLC的高压电机斩波串级调速控制系统硬件选型及PLC软件编制两个方面的工作。具体包括工程控制需求分析、系统分析、系统总体设计、系统可靠性设计以及具体设计和软件编制。然后通过搭建实验台进行控制系统程序的调试、测试。最后实现保护定值,工作模式,最低转速,最高转速,升降速率等系统参数设置和可在线修定更改以及系统的运行状态、控制模式、运行参数及故障报警信息显示等功能。
From the view point of engineering application, this thesis implements the PLC cascade speed regulation control system of logic control, time control, counting control and sequence control based on the crisp analysis and thorough research of high-voltage motor cascade speed regulation control system. PLC is the core control element l of the cascade speed regulation control system.
By adopting S7-200 PLC-CPU224 as main unit, the automatic control, the action logical function of cascade speed regulation system is realized, and friendly human-machine interface is developed. The following works have been done: according to the system status transfer diagram, using sequence control instruction to implement the process control. That is to say, the system status transfer beween startup, stop state, speed regulation status and full speed state, and the operation of contactors at the transfer process. In addition, calling the subroutine in the mainline program, to implement the speed adjustment, chopped control based on PWM output function of PLC, analogue data acquisition and process, water resistance control and to acomplish control mode switching.
Firstly, this thesis researches and analyses the working principle of internal feedback chop-wave cascade speed-regulation system. And based on above analysis the hardware selectinon and PLC control program design of the PLC cascade speed regulation control system are developed. Including concretely: engineering control requirement analysis, system analysis, overall design of the control system, reliability design of the control system, and software design. Then build the experiment system to debug and test the control program. Finally, to realize setup and on-line modifying of system parameter, including protection setting value, work mode, the lowest speed, the highest speed of the motor, the rate of ascending/descending, and to implement the display function of the system running status, control mode, running parameters and alarm information.
引文
[1]赵震宇. 2240kW热网循环泵调速系统设计与应用研究[D].保定:华北电力大学, 2009
[2]沈和平.油田专用注汽锅炉分布式控制系统研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008
[3]唐永耀.锅炉控制及PLC应用[D].合肥:合肥工业大学, 2006
[4]魏泽国.可控硅串级调速的原理及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社. 1985:1-33, 123-127
[5]江友华.高压大功率异步电动机驱动风机、泵类负载调速技术的研究[D].上海:上海大学, 2006
[6]罗宇航.流行PLC使用程序及设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006:74-75
[7]张崇巍,李汉强.运动控制系统[M].武汉理工大学出版社, 2002: 27-56
[8]王懿.斩波式串级调速系统谐波问题的研究与仿真分析[D].保定:华北电力大学, 2008
[9]沈精虎.西门子系列PLC原理及应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2009: 86-98
[10]晁阳,胡军,熊伟.可编程控制器原理应用与实例解析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007: 1-22, 155-161, 198-217
[11]西门子(中国)有限公司.S7-200中文选型手册[Z]. 2006.
[12]张金.基于PLC控制技术的大功率直流电机调速系统的研究与设计[D].大连:大连海事大学, 2007
[13]王庆.基于S7-200PLC的中药自动发药机系统的研究与实现[D].四川:四川大学, 2005
[14]西门子(中国)有限公司.S7-200中文选型手册[Z]. 2006
[15]SIMENS AG.SIMATIC S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual.2006[Z]. 2006
[16]SIMENS AG.SIMATIC NET CP 243-1 Commubications processor for Industrial Ethernet Technical manual.2006[Z]. 2006
[17]SIMENS AG.SIMATIC.S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual[Z]. 2006
[18]廖常初. S7-200 PLC编程及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007: 17-31
[19]廖常初. PLC编程及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005: 35-67
[20]Rui Yao, Ying Liu, Bingshu Wang. Controller Design and Stability Analysis of Double closed-loop Controlled Chopwave Internal Feedback Cascade Speed-regulation System[A]. 2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE 2010)[C]. IEEE, 2010: 371-375
[21]Scridon. S, Boldea, I, Tutelea. L, et a1. BEGA-a biaxial excitation Generator for automobiles: comprehensive characterization and test results[A]. IEEE Trans OI3 Ind Appl[C]. IEEE, 2005: 935-944
[22]Bianchi. N, Boloqnani. S, Chalmers. B. J. Salient-rotor PM synchronous motors for an extended flux-weakening operation range[A]. IEEE Trans on Ind Appl[C]. IEEE, 2000: 1118-1125
[23]廖常初. PLC应用技术问答[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 24-56
[24]廖常初. S7-200 PLC基础教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 78-102
[25]廖常初.大中型PLC应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005: 34-46
[26]王建国.可编程序控制器系统的供电电源及接地部分的设计[J].电气传动. 2001, 5: 45-48
[27]保定华仿电控有限公司. SEC系列高频斩波串级调速系统用户手册[Z]. 2010
[28]Wei Ze-Guo. The principle and application of the silicon control cascade[M]. BeiJing: Metallurgy Industry Press, 1985.8: 138-181
[29]Ma Hui, Liu Jin-Fang, Liu Bing-Shuai. Improved triangle-wave pulse width modulation current control method for active power filter[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2004, 21(3): 30-33
[30]N.Vasil’ev, D.V.Volosnikov. A Programmable Device for Experiments Employing a Superheated Probe in the Pulsed Operation Mode[J]. Instuments and Experimental Techniques. 2004, 47(4): 539-544
[31]John Hutchinson. The business and safety logic of Programmable controllers[J]. Electrical Technology, 2004, (4): 12-13
[32]Brian Dipert. Programmable-logic directory[J[.Electrical Design News, 2004, 49(12): 49-50, 52
[33]P.Cleaveland. Programmable Controllers Adapt to New Industry Needs[J]. Control Solutions, 2001, (4):47-50
[34]Zhang Chun-Wei, Zhang Xing. PWM Rectifier and Control[M]. BeiJing: China Machine Press, 2003.10: 62-148
[35]Zhu Yong-Liang, Ma Hui, Zhang Zong-lian. Dual closed-loop control for three-phase high-power-factor PWM rectifier[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2006.11,26(11): 87-91
[36]Chilakapati N, Ramsden V S, Ramaswamy. Comparison of Closed-loop Speed Control Schemes for a Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Motor Drive[A]. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference[C]. IEEE, 2000: 786-791
[37]Wang Fengxiang, Lin Chengwu, Zhu Jianguang, et al. A Chopping and Doubly-fed Adjustable Speed System without Bi-directional Converter. Industry Applications Conference[A]. 37th IAS Annual Meeting[C]. IEEE, 2002: 2393-2397
[38]Lee Po-Wa, Lee Yim-Shu, Cheng D K W, et al. Steady-state Analysis of an Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors[A]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics[C]. IEEE, 2000: 787-795
[39]Nashiki. M, Satake. A, Kawai. Y. et a1. A new flux-barrier-type reluctance motor with a slit rotor[A]. IEEE Trans on Ind Elec (USA)[C]. IEEE, 1999: 1199-1206
[40]Krairojananan T, Suthapradit. S.A. PLC program genrator incorporating sequential circuit synthesis technique[A]. IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems-Proceedings (IEEE APCCAS-98)[C]. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center; IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1998: 399-402
[2]沈和平.油田专用注汽锅炉分布式控制系统研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008
[3]唐永耀.锅炉控制及PLC应用[D].合肥:合肥工业大学, 2006
[4]魏泽国.可控硅串级调速的原理及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社. 1985:1-33, 123-127
[5]江友华.高压大功率异步电动机驱动风机、泵类负载调速技术的研究[D].上海:上海大学, 2006
[6]罗宇航.流行PLC使用程序及设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006:74-75
[7]张崇巍,李汉强.运动控制系统[M].武汉理工大学出版社, 2002: 27-56
[8]王懿.斩波式串级调速系统谐波问题的研究与仿真分析[D].保定:华北电力大学, 2008
[9]沈精虎.西门子系列PLC原理及应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2009: 86-98
[10]晁阳,胡军,熊伟.可编程控制器原理应用与实例解析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007: 1-22, 155-161, 198-217
[11]西门子(中国)有限公司.S7-200中文选型手册[Z]. 2006.
[12]张金.基于PLC控制技术的大功率直流电机调速系统的研究与设计[D].大连:大连海事大学, 2007
[13]王庆.基于S7-200PLC的中药自动发药机系统的研究与实现[D].四川:四川大学, 2005
[14]西门子(中国)有限公司.S7-200中文选型手册[Z]. 2006
[15]SIMENS AG.SIMATIC S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual.2006[Z]. 2006
[16]SIMENS AG.SIMATIC NET CP 243-1 Commubications processor for Industrial Ethernet Technical manual.2006[Z]. 2006
[17]SIMENS AG.SIMATIC.S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual[Z]. 2006
[18]廖常初. S7-200 PLC编程及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007: 17-31
[19]廖常初. PLC编程及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005: 35-67
[20]Rui Yao, Ying Liu, Bingshu Wang. Controller Design and Stability Analysis of Double closed-loop Controlled Chopwave Internal Feedback Cascade Speed-regulation System[A]. 2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE 2010)[C]. IEEE, 2010: 371-375
[21]Scridon. S, Boldea, I, Tutelea. L, et a1. BEGA-a biaxial excitation Generator for automobiles: comprehensive characterization and test results[A]. IEEE Trans OI3 Ind Appl[C]. IEEE, 2005: 935-944
[22]Bianchi. N, Boloqnani. S, Chalmers. B. J. Salient-rotor PM synchronous motors for an extended flux-weakening operation range[A]. IEEE Trans on Ind Appl[C]. IEEE, 2000: 1118-1125
[23]廖常初. PLC应用技术问答[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 24-56
[24]廖常初. S7-200 PLC基础教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 78-102
[25]廖常初.大中型PLC应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005: 34-46
[26]王建国.可编程序控制器系统的供电电源及接地部分的设计[J].电气传动. 2001, 5: 45-48
[27]保定华仿电控有限公司. SEC系列高频斩波串级调速系统用户手册[Z]. 2010
[28]Wei Ze-Guo. The principle and application of the silicon control cascade[M]. BeiJing: Metallurgy Industry Press, 1985.8: 138-181
[29]Ma Hui, Liu Jin-Fang, Liu Bing-Shuai. Improved triangle-wave pulse width modulation current control method for active power filter[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2004, 21(3): 30-33
[30]N.Vasil’ev, D.V.Volosnikov. A Programmable Device for Experiments Employing a Superheated Probe in the Pulsed Operation Mode[J]. Instuments and Experimental Techniques. 2004, 47(4): 539-544
[31]John Hutchinson. The business and safety logic of Programmable controllers[J]. Electrical Technology, 2004, (4): 12-13
[32]Brian Dipert. Programmable-logic directory[J[.Electrical Design News, 2004, 49(12): 49-50, 52
[33]P.Cleaveland. Programmable Controllers Adapt to New Industry Needs[J]. Control Solutions, 2001, (4):47-50
[34]Zhang Chun-Wei, Zhang Xing. PWM Rectifier and Control[M]. BeiJing: China Machine Press, 2003.10: 62-148
[35]Zhu Yong-Liang, Ma Hui, Zhang Zong-lian. Dual closed-loop control for three-phase high-power-factor PWM rectifier[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2006.11,26(11): 87-91
[36]Chilakapati N, Ramsden V S, Ramaswamy. Comparison of Closed-loop Speed Control Schemes for a Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Motor Drive[A]. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference[C]. IEEE, 2000: 786-791
[37]Wang Fengxiang, Lin Chengwu, Zhu Jianguang, et al. A Chopping and Doubly-fed Adjustable Speed System without Bi-directional Converter. Industry Applications Conference[A]. 37th IAS Annual Meeting[C]. IEEE, 2002: 2393-2397
[38]Lee Po-Wa, Lee Yim-Shu, Cheng D K W, et al. Steady-state Analysis of an Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors[A]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics[C]. IEEE, 2000: 787-795
[39]Nashiki. M, Satake. A, Kawai. Y. et a1. A new flux-barrier-type reluctance motor with a slit rotor[A]. IEEE Trans on Ind Elec (USA)[C]. IEEE, 1999: 1199-1206
[40]Krairojananan T, Suthapradit. S.A. PLC program genrator incorporating sequential circuit synthesis technique[A]. IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems-Proceedings (IEEE APCCAS-98)[C]. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center; IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1998: 399-402