松辽盆地永平油田油藏开发地质与开发部署研究
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摘要
永平油田位于吉林省松原市宁江区境内,区域构造位于松辽盆地南部东南隆起区登娄库背斜带北部的扶余Ⅰ号构造上。油田含油层系为泉四段扶余油层,油层温度下脱气原油粘度为6000～30000mPa.s,根据中国稠油分类标准,原油性质属于普通稠油Ⅱ类和特稠油,常规条件投产没有产量,必须通过热采才能提高单井产能,前期开展的蒸汽吞吐试验见到了一定效果。为了合理、高效开发永平油田,论文开展了稠油油藏开发地质特征综合研究、稠油注蒸汽开发动态分析、稠油注蒸汽开发油藏工程设计及总体方案优化部署等方面的研究工作。
在详细研究油藏构造特征、储层沉积微相、储层分布、油水分布及油藏控制因素、岩石渗流特征及流体性质等开发地质特征基础上,永平油田具有埋蔵浅、油层厚度薄、油层分布零散、含油饱和度低及原油粘度高等特点,并分析了这些开发地质特征对热采开发效果的影响。
在测井资料综合解释的基础上,利用容积法分单元计算了油田原油地质储量。应用地质统计学和随机过程的相控随机模拟方法,建立了油藏构造模型和能够反映地下储层物性(孔、渗、饱)参数空间分布的属性模型,地质建模网格计算的地质储量符合建模储量精度要求,为数值模拟提供了基础。
通过对热采井生产动态分析,明确认为油层厚度薄、含油饱和度低及原油粘度高是影响热采效果的主要原因,部分井注入强度差及底水锥进也有重要影响。提出增大注汽强度而有效加热油层,并通过混合气助排增加地层压力等,解决油层温度低原油不流动的问题,又能有效解决地层压力低、有效期短的矛盾,提高吞吐井产量及改善多轮次吞吐开发效果。
利用数值模拟、物理模拟和注采参数优化、同类油田类比等方法进行了油藏工程优化研究,结果表明永平油田稠油油藏适合采用蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱方式开发;井位部署采用100×86m反九点长方形井网;蒸汽吞吐注汽强度为90～110t/m;吞吐四周期后转为蒸汽驱。通过储层厚度、含油饱和度及裂缝等对开发效果有影响的敏感性参数研究,认为有效厚度大于4m、含油饱和度大于55%的油层更适合注蒸汽开发;适当延长东西向注汽井和吞吐井的井距,能够延缓蒸汽窜流的速度。
针对永平油田油层厚度薄、油层跨度大及砂地比低进而导致注蒸汽过程中各个层位吸汽不均匀的问题,提出了在主力油层集中发育的区域部署井位的思路。通过对油砂体分布及砂地比的综合研究,确定在主力油层集中发育、有效厚度大于4m及砂地比大于0.4的区域部署开发。根据永平油田储量丰度、产能水平、落实程度的差异及地面条件、现有设施的差别,根据先肥后瘦的原则,按照大于8m、6～8m及大于4m的顺序分三期实施。预测开发期11年,总注汽量2216.7×10~4t,总开采原油315.6×10~4t,阶段采出程度为32.3%。
Yongping Oilfield is located on the northern part of Denglouku Cline of the southeast uplift district of the Southern Songliao Basin, is located in the territory of Ning Jiang, Songyuan City, Jilin province. Oil layer of oilfield is fourth members of Quan for the Fuyu oil layer, dead oil viscosity is 6000 ~ 30000mPa.s in the oil temperature. According to the Chinese classification standard of heavy oil, the crude oil properties are belonging to the ordinary heavy typeⅡand special heavy type. The single well production, which do not-yield in the general conditions, could be improved by thermal recovery, Prophase Steam stimulation had be carried out to see some effects. For rational and efficient development of Yongping oil fields, the paper launched a lot of research work, including a heavy oil reservoir geological characteristics developed comprehensive study, Performance Analysis of Steam Injection, Steam injection heavy oil reservoir engineering development and optimization of overall development and so on.
Studied in detail based on the development of geological features such as structural features of the reservoir, reservoir microfacies, reservoir distribution, water distribution, reservoir control factors, flow characteristics of rock, and fluid properties, Yongping oilfield has the characteristics of buried shallow, thin oil, oil scattered distribution, oil saturation characteristics of low and high viscosity of crude oil, and analyze development geological features impact on development effect of thermal recovery.
On the basis of comprehensive interpretation of the log data, sub-unit of crude oil reserves could be calculated by using volume method. Application of geostatistics and stochastic processes of stochastic simulation phased method, the reservoir constructed underground reservoir model and the properties spatial distribution parameters model to reflect the physical properties (pore、permeability and saturated) could be established, the geological reserves, which to be calculated by geological modeling grid meets the modeling reserves accuracy requirement, had provided the foundation for the numerical simulation.
Through to picks the hotly well production performance analysis, it is explicit to consider that the main effect of thermal recovery had thin oil, crude oil low saturation and high viscosity, and other effect included intensity difference in some wells and underground injection of water coning. The method, which were increasing the strength of steam injection and effective heating oil, and increasing formation pressure through mixed gas cleanup and so on, could be solution the problem of the low temperature un-flow oil layer, and also an effective solution the conflict of the low layer pressure and a short period, and increased the stimulated well production and improved the effect of multi-round development.
Optimization of petroleum reservoir engineering had be researched through using numerical simulation, physical simulation, injection/production parameter optimization, allied field analogy and other methods. The results showed that cyclic steam injection and steam flooding were suitable for the development of inspissated pool of Yongping Oilfield. We arrange the wells with 100×86m inverted nine spot rectangle well patterns, set the steaming strength of steam stimulation as 90～110t/m, and turn into steam flooding after four cycles of steam huff and puff. After studies on the sensible parameters that influential for development effect, such as reservoir thickness, SATO, fracture, we thought that steam injection development is more suitable for the petroleum reservoir whose effective thickness is bigger than 4m, and whose SATO is bigger than 55%. And we can slow the speed of steam channeling by extending the well spacing of steamed well and stimulating well in EW direction in appropriate level.
Aiming at Yongping oil fields' reservoir thickness thin, reservoir span wide and sandstone thickness and stratum thickness ratio low resulting in steam injection process each position suction steam the uneven, deploy locating wells in the major reservoirs centralized development thought the area was proposed. Based on the distribution and oil-bearing sand body rather than the comprehensive research of the major reservoirs, determine the centralized development, effective thickness is greater than 4m and sandstone thickness and stratum thickness ratio more than 0.4 areas deployment. According to the Yongping oil fields' reserves abundance, and capacity level, implement a difference of degree and ground conditions, the difference of the existing facilities, and first development rich reservoirs then the lean reservoirs principle, the Yongping oilfield reservoirs steam injection process in accordance with greater than 8m, 6 ~ 8m and greater than 4m order into three times to implement. It was forecasted that development period is 11 years, total steam injection quantity is 2216.7×10~4t, total mining crude oil 315.6×104t, and stage for recovery degree is 32.3%.
在详细研究油藏构造特征、储层沉积微相、储层分布、油水分布及油藏控制因素、岩石渗流特征及流体性质等开发地质特征基础上,永平油田具有埋蔵浅、油层厚度薄、油层分布零散、含油饱和度低及原油粘度高等特点,并分析了这些开发地质特征对热采开发效果的影响。
在测井资料综合解释的基础上,利用容积法分单元计算了油田原油地质储量。应用地质统计学和随机过程的相控随机模拟方法,建立了油藏构造模型和能够反映地下储层物性(孔、渗、饱)参数空间分布的属性模型,地质建模网格计算的地质储量符合建模储量精度要求,为数值模拟提供了基础。
通过对热采井生产动态分析,明确认为油层厚度薄、含油饱和度低及原油粘度高是影响热采效果的主要原因,部分井注入强度差及底水锥进也有重要影响。提出增大注汽强度而有效加热油层,并通过混合气助排增加地层压力等,解决油层温度低原油不流动的问题,又能有效解决地层压力低、有效期短的矛盾,提高吞吐井产量及改善多轮次吞吐开发效果。
利用数值模拟、物理模拟和注采参数优化、同类油田类比等方法进行了油藏工程优化研究,结果表明永平油田稠油油藏适合采用蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱方式开发;井位部署采用100×86m反九点长方形井网;蒸汽吞吐注汽强度为90～110t/m;吞吐四周期后转为蒸汽驱。通过储层厚度、含油饱和度及裂缝等对开发效果有影响的敏感性参数研究,认为有效厚度大于4m、含油饱和度大于55%的油层更适合注蒸汽开发;适当延长东西向注汽井和吞吐井的井距,能够延缓蒸汽窜流的速度。
针对永平油田油层厚度薄、油层跨度大及砂地比低进而导致注蒸汽过程中各个层位吸汽不均匀的问题,提出了在主力油层集中发育的区域部署井位的思路。通过对油砂体分布及砂地比的综合研究,确定在主力油层集中发育、有效厚度大于4m及砂地比大于0.4的区域部署开发。根据永平油田储量丰度、产能水平、落实程度的差异及地面条件、现有设施的差别,根据先肥后瘦的原则,按照大于8m、6～8m及大于4m的顺序分三期实施。预测开发期11年,总注汽量2216.7×10~4t,总开采原油315.6×10~4t,阶段采出程度为32.3%。
Yongping Oilfield is located on the northern part of Denglouku Cline of the southeast uplift district of the Southern Songliao Basin, is located in the territory of Ning Jiang, Songyuan City, Jilin province. Oil layer of oilfield is fourth members of Quan for the Fuyu oil layer, dead oil viscosity is 6000 ~ 30000mPa.s in the oil temperature. According to the Chinese classification standard of heavy oil, the crude oil properties are belonging to the ordinary heavy typeⅡand special heavy type. The single well production, which do not-yield in the general conditions, could be improved by thermal recovery, Prophase Steam stimulation had be carried out to see some effects. For rational and efficient development of Yongping oil fields, the paper launched a lot of research work, including a heavy oil reservoir geological characteristics developed comprehensive study, Performance Analysis of Steam Injection, Steam injection heavy oil reservoir engineering development and optimization of overall development and so on.
Studied in detail based on the development of geological features such as structural features of the reservoir, reservoir microfacies, reservoir distribution, water distribution, reservoir control factors, flow characteristics of rock, and fluid properties, Yongping oilfield has the characteristics of buried shallow, thin oil, oil scattered distribution, oil saturation characteristics of low and high viscosity of crude oil, and analyze development geological features impact on development effect of thermal recovery.
On the basis of comprehensive interpretation of the log data, sub-unit of crude oil reserves could be calculated by using volume method. Application of geostatistics and stochastic processes of stochastic simulation phased method, the reservoir constructed underground reservoir model and the properties spatial distribution parameters model to reflect the physical properties (pore、permeability and saturated) could be established, the geological reserves, which to be calculated by geological modeling grid meets the modeling reserves accuracy requirement, had provided the foundation for the numerical simulation.
Through to picks the hotly well production performance analysis, it is explicit to consider that the main effect of thermal recovery had thin oil, crude oil low saturation and high viscosity, and other effect included intensity difference in some wells and underground injection of water coning. The method, which were increasing the strength of steam injection and effective heating oil, and increasing formation pressure through mixed gas cleanup and so on, could be solution the problem of the low temperature un-flow oil layer, and also an effective solution the conflict of the low layer pressure and a short period, and increased the stimulated well production and improved the effect of multi-round development.
Optimization of petroleum reservoir engineering had be researched through using numerical simulation, physical simulation, injection/production parameter optimization, allied field analogy and other methods. The results showed that cyclic steam injection and steam flooding were suitable for the development of inspissated pool of Yongping Oilfield. We arrange the wells with 100×86m inverted nine spot rectangle well patterns, set the steaming strength of steam stimulation as 90～110t/m, and turn into steam flooding after four cycles of steam huff and puff. After studies on the sensible parameters that influential for development effect, such as reservoir thickness, SATO, fracture, we thought that steam injection development is more suitable for the petroleum reservoir whose effective thickness is bigger than 4m, and whose SATO is bigger than 55%. And we can slow the speed of steam channeling by extending the well spacing of steamed well and stimulating well in EW direction in appropriate level.
Aiming at Yongping oil fields' reservoir thickness thin, reservoir span wide and sandstone thickness and stratum thickness ratio low resulting in steam injection process each position suction steam the uneven, deploy locating wells in the major reservoirs centralized development thought the area was proposed. Based on the distribution and oil-bearing sand body rather than the comprehensive research of the major reservoirs, determine the centralized development, effective thickness is greater than 4m and sandstone thickness and stratum thickness ratio more than 0.4 areas deployment. According to the Yongping oil fields' reserves abundance, and capacity level, implement a difference of degree and ground conditions, the difference of the existing facilities, and first development rich reservoirs then the lean reservoirs principle, the Yongping oilfield reservoirs steam injection process in accordance with greater than 8m, 6 ~ 8m and greater than 4m order into three times to implement. It was forecasted that development period is 11 years, total steam injection quantity is 2216.7×10~4t, total mining crude oil 315.6×104t, and stage for recovery degree is 32.3%.
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