基于Web的协作学习平台（Web CL）的设计与开发
|
摘要
以多媒体技术、计算机网络技术为代表的科学技术的迅猛发展给当代社会带来了巨大影响和深刻变革。信息经济带来了人们生活方式、生产方式的转变，使社会经济发生了结构性的转变。人们只有终生学习才能适应这一变化。而远程教育是实现终生学习的最佳途径，与传统教育相比，除了不受时间和空间的限制之外，在学习对象的取舍上能为所有求学者提供人人均等的学习机会。从教学方式来看，远程教育变传统教育方式下的被动学习为主动学习，能够充分发挥学习者的主观能动性和学习积极性。同时，可以针对不同学习者的学习能力和领悟能力安排各自的学习进度，改变传统教育的千0篇一律、齐步走的方式。
本文提出了远程教育系统的一种崭新的模式——基于Web的协作学习(Web CL)模式。协作学习是学习者以小组形式参与、为达到共同的学习目标、在一定的激励机制下为获得最大化个人和小组学习成果而合作的一切相关行为。要使小组学习真正具有协作性，必须具备五个要素，它们是：(1)学生之间清晰明显的相互依赖性；(2)经常的小组评价；(3)促进学习成果的组员间交互；(4)个体任务和职责；(5)频繁使用的人际和小组社交技能。基于Web的协作学习是指利用网络技术来支持协作学习。作者以《计算机组成原理》课程的实验部分的教学为引线，结合多媒体技术、网络技术、数据库技术实现了WebCL系统的开发工作。学生通过Internet或校园网，可以直接连到该系统主页中，通过网络进行课程学习，对于不懂的问题可以在聊天室中与同学进行讨论，也可以在线呼叫教师进行一对一的辅导。另外，同时登录到一个实验平台的同学，可以相互协作，共同完成一个实验任务。该系统还开发了一个远程考试系统，不仅可以完成在线考试功能，还能够记录学生的答题过程、分数等信息，以用于对学生的学习效果进行评估。该系统还对三维电子画板的开发进行了尝试。老师与学生通过它可以制作三维图形，并对图形进行旋转、伸缩、移动等操作。
本文主要对该系统建立的理论基础、设计思想以及系统的具体实现过程做了详细论述。首先在前两章中对国内外协作学习系统的现状、系统总体概况、系统设计环境及其理论基础进行了简单介绍。后续章节对系统设计、系统采用技术、系统主要功能、系统实现过程等进行了详细介绍，其中以系统采用的技术分章节具体论述。本系统主要采用的三种技术手段是：网络数据
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
库技术、多媒体技术和 Java技术。最后一章中，对系统的设计进行了总结，
并指出系统仍需完善与改进之处。
The rapid development in science technology characterized with multimedia technology and network technology greatly influenced modern society and then results in the fundamental change in terms of ways of living and production mode, enabling the economy undergo the fundamental transition. Thus people can just adapt themselves to the change through life education. As an easy access to receive life education, in comparison with traditional education, remote education unrestricted by time and space can offer all the learners an equal opportunity regardless of their individual difference. In view of teaching method, changing the passive study under traditional mode into active knowledge-seek, remote education can motivate the learners to fully employ their learning potential. On the other hand, it also can improve the traditional method characterized with uniformity by designing the course based on individual's intelligence and self-taught capability.
The thesis provides a new mode of remote education which is Web CL (Web based collaborative learning). Collaborative Learning (CL) is what that's all about - learners working together as a group to accomplish shared goals and maximize the learning of each individual by an incentive scheme. There are five essential components that must be present for small-group learning to be truly collaborative. They are (l)clear, positive interdependence among students, (2)regular group self-evaluation, (3)interpersonal behaviors that promote each member's learning and success, (4)individual accountability and personal responsibility, and (5)frequent use of appropriate interpersonal and small group social skills. Web Based Collaborative Learning is the CL that supported with Web Technology. Based on the experiment in <>, the author combines the technology of multimedia, network and database to project the research of Web CL system. With the help of the system, the learners are supposed to connect themselves to the homepage of the system through Internet or School's Intranet for course-learning. In this way, they could either discuss the problem with their classmates or ask one-to-one instruction form on line. More, they even can connect themselves to a platform for
experiment so as to cooperate with their classmates to co-accomplish the assignment. Also the system invents a remote system for exam, which can not only test learners on lien, but also keep record of the course to obtain solution so as to facilitate the evaluation of learners achievement in course learning. And it opens up the access for developing three-dimensional white board by which teachers and learners can design their three-dimensional graph and revolve, move.
The thesis introduces the basis, the design idea and the process of concretely realization in great detail. At first, the first two chapters introduce the situation of collaborative learning system in the internal and external, the whole survey, the design environment and base of thesis. Then the following chapters introduce the design of system, the technology of realizing this system, the main function of the system and the achievement process of the system in detail. The order of the chapters is separated by the technology of what the system uses. The main three technologies are network database, multimedia and Java. The last chapter sums up the whole system and points to the places what the system should still be completed and corrected.
本文提出了远程教育系统的一种崭新的模式——基于Web的协作学习(Web CL)模式。协作学习是学习者以小组形式参与、为达到共同的学习目标、在一定的激励机制下为获得最大化个人和小组学习成果而合作的一切相关行为。要使小组学习真正具有协作性，必须具备五个要素，它们是：(1)学生之间清晰明显的相互依赖性；(2)经常的小组评价；(3)促进学习成果的组员间交互；(4)个体任务和职责；(5)频繁使用的人际和小组社交技能。基于Web的协作学习是指利用网络技术来支持协作学习。作者以《计算机组成原理》课程的实验部分的教学为引线，结合多媒体技术、网络技术、数据库技术实现了WebCL系统的开发工作。学生通过Internet或校园网，可以直接连到该系统主页中，通过网络进行课程学习，对于不懂的问题可以在聊天室中与同学进行讨论，也可以在线呼叫教师进行一对一的辅导。另外，同时登录到一个实验平台的同学，可以相互协作，共同完成一个实验任务。该系统还开发了一个远程考试系统，不仅可以完成在线考试功能，还能够记录学生的答题过程、分数等信息，以用于对学生的学习效果进行评估。该系统还对三维电子画板的开发进行了尝试。老师与学生通过它可以制作三维图形，并对图形进行旋转、伸缩、移动等操作。
本文主要对该系统建立的理论基础、设计思想以及系统的具体实现过程做了详细论述。首先在前两章中对国内外协作学习系统的现状、系统总体概况、系统设计环境及其理论基础进行了简单介绍。后续章节对系统设计、系统采用技术、系统主要功能、系统实现过程等进行了详细介绍，其中以系统采用的技术分章节具体论述。本系统主要采用的三种技术手段是：网络数据
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
库技术、多媒体技术和 Java技术。最后一章中，对系统的设计进行了总结，
并指出系统仍需完善与改进之处。
The rapid development in science technology characterized with multimedia technology and network technology greatly influenced modern society and then results in the fundamental change in terms of ways of living and production mode, enabling the economy undergo the fundamental transition. Thus people can just adapt themselves to the change through life education. As an easy access to receive life education, in comparison with traditional education, remote education unrestricted by time and space can offer all the learners an equal opportunity regardless of their individual difference. In view of teaching method, changing the passive study under traditional mode into active knowledge-seek, remote education can motivate the learners to fully employ their learning potential. On the other hand, it also can improve the traditional method characterized with uniformity by designing the course based on individual's intelligence and self-taught capability.
The thesis provides a new mode of remote education which is Web CL (Web based collaborative learning). Collaborative Learning (CL) is what that's all about - learners working together as a group to accomplish shared goals and maximize the learning of each individual by an incentive scheme. There are five essential components that must be present for small-group learning to be truly collaborative. They are (l)clear, positive interdependence among students, (2)regular group self-evaluation, (3)interpersonal behaviors that promote each member's learning and success, (4)individual accountability and personal responsibility, and (5)frequent use of appropriate interpersonal and small group social skills. Web Based Collaborative Learning is the CL that supported with Web Technology. Based on the experiment in <
experiment so as to cooperate with their classmates to co-accomplish the assignment. Also the system invents a remote system for exam, which can not only test learners on lien, but also keep record of the course to obtain solution so as to facilitate the evaluation of learners achievement in course learning. And it opens up the access for developing three-dimensional white board by which teachers and learners can design their three-dimensional graph and revolve, move.
The thesis introduces the basis, the design idea and the process of concretely realization in great detail. At first, the first two chapters introduce the situation of collaborative learning system in the internal and external, the whole survey, the design environment and base of thesis. Then the following chapters introduce the design of system, the technology of realizing this system, the main function of the system and the achievement process of the system in detail. The order of the chapters is separated by the technology of what the system uses. The main three technologies are network database, multimedia and Java. The last chapter sums up the whole system and points to the places what the system should still be completed and corrected.
引文
[1] 何克抗．基于Internet的教育网络与21世纪的教育革新．http://www.highwaysoft.com/Article/DistanceEducation/1999
[2] 黄昀．现代远程教育对教育发展的启示．http://www.highwaysoft.com/Article/DistanceEducation/1999
[3] 王吉庆．教育技术的应用发展．http://sq.k12.com.cn/~forest/met
[4] 郭弘．史美林教授谈计算机支持协内工作的应用及展望．http://www.pcworld.com.cn/2000/back-issues/2005
[5] CSCW 概念介绍．http://www/mmit.stc.Sh.cn/cscwforum/Cscwconcept/CSCWconcept.html
[6] Lin Zongkai, Jean-Paul Barthes. 《Proceedings of International Workshop on CSCW in Design》. International Academic Publi shers. 8-11 May 1996, Beijing, China. P68-77
[7] 孙艳春，刘积仁，赵大哲．计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)．http：//202.118.4.238/chinese/jcyj/1wj/zhu/3.htm
[8] Barry G. Silverman. Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL). Computer Education. 1995. Vol 25. No3. p81-91
[9] David A. Robinson, Callum R. Lester, Neil M. Hamilton. Delivering computer assisted learning across the WWW. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 1998. Vol 30. p301-307
[10] Henry Meloughlin, WEST: An Internet based education delivery and support environment. Computer Networks and ISDN System. 1996. Vol 28. No 14. p1887-1890
[11] Soloway E. Technology in education. Special Issue Comman ACM 1999. Vol 36. No5. p300-305
[12] T. Ingvaldsen, E. Klovning, M. Wilkins. Determining the causes of end-to-end delay in CSCW applications. Computer Communi cations. 2000. Vol 23. p219-232
[13] Walter Reinhard, Jean Schweitzer, Gerd Volksen. CSCW Tools: Concepts and Architectures. Siemens Corporate Research and Development. P405-410
[14] 郑永柏，刘革平，何克抗．多媒体辅助教学的新模式．http://www.nenu. edu. cn/zwx/duomeitifuzhu/htm
[15] 王雷，蔡安妮，孙景鳌．计算机支持的合作工作与多媒体组通信．http://www. chinatelecom.com.cn/tel_learn/tel_learn_jianghzuo/2000multimedia/multimedia4. htm
[16] 铁成，陈功．《Visual InterDev开发指南》．第1版．清华大学出版社．1999．p35
[17] 汪晓平，吴勇强，张宏林．《ASP 网络开发技术》。第1版．人民邮电出版社．2000．p4-7，p187-189
[18] Ron Soukup. 《SQL Server6.5技术内幕》．姜鸿英，彭梓东，孔得志，朱秀兰等．清华大学出版杜．P200-214
[19] Ryan K. Stephens, Ronald R. Plew. 《轻松掌握SQL》．郑利强，张立红，肖文蕾等．第3版．电子工业出版社，2000．p6-7
[20] 零壹．《轻松组建网上商店》．第1版．重庆大学出版社．2000．p207-212
[21] 黄兴中．《Authorware3.x入门与提高》．第1版．清华大学出版社．1997．4-p4-5
[22] 黄雄，王浩。《Photoshoop5.0使用指南》．第1版．清华大学出版社 2000．p6-7
[23] 康创工作室．《Authorware 5 自学教程》．第1版．清华大学出版社．1999．p4-5
[24] 云忠，汤晓燕．Authorware5.0 电子课件的网上发布．Computer Era. 2000．10．p40-41
[25] 谢鹤宜，梁妙园，冯刚，何秀玲，喻莹．在Internet上进行远程教育可行性分析及相关技术的研究．微型电脑应用．1999．4．p42-44
[26] H. M. Deitel, P. J. Deitel. 《JAVA HOW TO with an Introduction to Visual J++》. Publishing House Of Electronics Industry. P10-11
[27] 王克宏，刘波．《JAVA语言API类库》．第1版．清华大学出版社．P100-102
[28] D. M. 吉瑞，A. L. 麦克莱伦．《JAVA图形设计》．第1版．西蒙与舒斯特国际出版公司．P40
[29] 姜刚等．《JAVA语言程序设计》．第1版．人民邮电出版社．p10
[30] 吴健，蒋立源等．《Java语言及应用技术》．第1版．西北工业大学出版社．p25
[31] 陈庆章，林建明，赵新建，胡同森．Web环境下的合作学习系统的设计与实现．计算机工程．2000．9．p72-75
[32] 方亮，金晶．虚拟教室中电子白版系统的实现．电脑信息技术．2000．3．p14-17
[33] 曹健，张友良，黄双喜，周心广．计算机支持下的协同设计及其环境研究．计算机工程与应用．1999．5．p39-41
[34] 冯晨华，徐捷，王鸿谷，庄钊文．CSCW 系统中共享对象的协作支持模型．计算机研究与发展．1999．7．p134-138
[35] 何鸿君，吴泉源，罗莉．基于应用共享的CSCW系统的模型与实现．计算机研究与发展．1999．7．p134-138
[36] 郑庆华，李人厚．CSCW协调与交互模型的研究与应用．计算机研究与发展．1999．7
[37] John Zukowski. 《Java2 从入门到精通》．邱仲潘等．第1版．电子工业出版社．1999．4．p102
[38] Janet Edwardsl, Peter R. Gibson2. INTRANET SYSTEM TO MANAGE STUDENT PROJECTWORK. http://learning. 21cn. com/education/peixun/netstudy/1/0020.html
[39] Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Research Group. http://www.comp. lancs. ac. uk/sociology/CSCW. html
[40] CSCW in the Office. http://spuds. Cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547-95/pfeifer/cscw_office. html
[41] Jonathan Grudin. CSCW: History and Focus. http://www. ics. uci. edu/~grudin/Papers/IEEE94/IEEEComplastsub. html
[42] Whatis CSCW and Groupware. http://spuds. cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547- 95/pfeifer/cscw_definition. html
[43] 刘飞龙．用JAVA编制Internet电子白板软件．http://www.computerworld.com.cn/99/tips/9901/01202_07.asp
[44] 余海燕，郑笔飞，基于Java的Web聊天室系统．电脑编程技巧与维护．2000．6．p67-70
[45] 董兴其，赖金．建立网上学校模型的若干教育和技术问题．计算机工程．1999．9．p52-53
[46] 薛俊玲，崔末兰．标准JAVA中如何实现图形按钮．电脑开发与应用．2000．6．p37-39
[47] 赵志诚，徐玉斌，高惠敏，曾建潮．基于C／S模式的Winsock网络通信程序的开发．计算机工程．2000．4．p24
[48] 徐估军，吴元保．基于Winsock的网络实时通信程序的设计．计算机工程．1999．11．p98-100
[49] 清华大学多媒体研发中心，西门子(普林斯顿)企业研究所．Artemis：远程教学的实时多媒体教室．International Netowrks & Multimedia. 2000. 1. Vol 8. No 1. p71-73
[50] 吕昊．利用Java实现网络通信．电脑编程技巧与维护．2000．2．p71-74
[51] 曾峰．Windows环境下服务器端的多线程TCP／IP编程．电脑编程技巧与维护．2000．2．p75-77
[52] 肖波，诸鸿文．实时CSCW系统的并发控制框架的研究与设计．计算机研究与发展．1999．7．p155-158
[53] ASP: 读取通过表单发送的数据．http://www6.163. com/news/pitem/0, 1587, it_5569_it, 00. html
[54] ASP: 浏览器中上载文件的方法与实现．http://www6.163. com/news/p-item/0, 1587, it_3090_it, 00. html
[55] Java. Applet 编程技巧．http://www. nease. net/~rygshen/tech/appletl. html
[56] 张茂军，孙立峰，王炜．带你走进虚拟空间会议系统．http://www. tongji. edu. cn/~yangdy/computer/VST/paperl. htm
[57] 用分布式对象技术构造 Java 应用．http://javabar. silversand. net/ technology/ talkapp/c-app-003. htm
[58] vb 网络功能与编程．http://javabar. silversand. net/technology/talkapp/c-app-012. htm
[59] 白中英．《计算机组成原理》．第2版．科学出版社
[60] Sean P. Brobhy. Computer Partner in the Classroom: Fostering Small Group Problem Solving. http://www-csc195. indiana. edu/csc195/brophy. html
[61] BSCW-Collaborative information sharing with WWW. http://orgwis. gmd. de/publ/bscwpub. html
[62] CSCW Survey Results. http://www.brainstorm.co.uk/CSCW/CSCW_Survey/Welcome. htm
[63] CSCW: Inquiring and Learning. http://www.comp.lancs.ac. uk/computing/research/cseg/ecscw97/Papers.html
[64] CSCW Time and Place Dimensions. http://spuds.cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/54795/pfeifer/cscw_time_place. html
[65] Evaluation mithods in the CSCW literature. http://www.comp.lancs.uk/computing/research/csed/projects/evaluation/lit_me thods. html
[66] Fair Information Practices with Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). http://www. ibiblio. org/cmc/mag/1994/jun/cscw. htm
[67] Teresa Cerratto, Claire Belisle. Reframing Learning in CSCL Environments. http://www-csc195. indiana. edu/csc195/cerratto. htm
[68] Yahiko Kambayashi, Kaoru Katayama. Modifying CSCW Environments Dynamically for Supporting Virtual Enterprises. http://www.computer. org/proceedings/ride/0119/01190080abs. htm
[69] The Domain and Goals of CSCW. http://spuds. Cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547-95/pfeifer/cscw_domain. html
[70] Whatis CSCW and Groupware. http://spuds. cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547-5/pfeifer/cscw_definition. html
[71] Leslie Monplaisir. An integrated CSCW architecture for integrated product/process design and development. Robotics and Computer -Integrated Manufacture. 1999. Vol 15. P145-153
[72] 韩平，唐晓梅，费玮．支持协同学习的多媒体网络教学系统．http://www. cpst. net. cn/cpst/xslt/xslw/oa991w/oa991w39. htm
[2] 黄昀．现代远程教育对教育发展的启示．http://www.highwaysoft.com/Article/DistanceEducation/1999
[3] 王吉庆．教育技术的应用发展．http://sq.k12.com.cn/~forest/met
[4] 郭弘．史美林教授谈计算机支持协内工作的应用及展望．http://www.pcworld.com.cn/2000/back-issues/2005
[5] CSCW 概念介绍．http://www/mmit.stc.Sh.cn/cscwforum/Cscwconcept/CSCWconcept.html
[6] Lin Zongkai, Jean-Paul Barthes. 《Proceedings of International Workshop on CSCW in Design》. International Academic Publi shers. 8-11 May 1996, Beijing, China. P68-77
[7] 孙艳春，刘积仁，赵大哲．计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)．http：//202.118.4.238/chinese/jcyj/1wj/zhu/3.htm
[8] Barry G. Silverman. Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL). Computer Education. 1995. Vol 25. No3. p81-91
[9] David A. Robinson, Callum R. Lester, Neil M. Hamilton. Delivering computer assisted learning across the WWW. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 1998. Vol 30. p301-307
[10] Henry Meloughlin, WEST: An Internet based education delivery and support environment. Computer Networks and ISDN System. 1996. Vol 28. No 14. p1887-1890
[11] Soloway E. Technology in education. Special Issue Comman ACM 1999. Vol 36. No5. p300-305
[12] T. Ingvaldsen, E. Klovning, M. Wilkins. Determining the causes of end-to-end delay in CSCW applications. Computer Communi cations. 2000. Vol 23. p219-232
[13] Walter Reinhard, Jean Schweitzer, Gerd Volksen. CSCW Tools: Concepts and Architectures. Siemens Corporate Research and Development. P405-410
[14] 郑永柏，刘革平，何克抗．多媒体辅助教学的新模式．http://www.nenu. edu. cn/zwx/duomeitifuzhu/htm
[15] 王雷，蔡安妮，孙景鳌．计算机支持的合作工作与多媒体组通信．http://www. chinatelecom.com.cn/tel_learn/tel_learn_jianghzuo/2000multimedia/multimedia4. htm
[16] 铁成，陈功．《Visual InterDev开发指南》．第1版．清华大学出版社．1999．p35
[17] 汪晓平，吴勇强，张宏林．《ASP 网络开发技术》。第1版．人民邮电出版社．2000．p4-7，p187-189
[18] Ron Soukup. 《SQL Server6.5技术内幕》．姜鸿英，彭梓东，孔得志，朱秀兰等．清华大学出版杜．P200-214
[19] Ryan K. Stephens, Ronald R. Plew. 《轻松掌握SQL》．郑利强，张立红，肖文蕾等．第3版．电子工业出版社，2000．p6-7
[20] 零壹．《轻松组建网上商店》．第1版．重庆大学出版社．2000．p207-212
[21] 黄兴中．《Authorware3.x入门与提高》．第1版．清华大学出版社．1997．4-p4-5
[22] 黄雄，王浩。《Photoshoop5.0使用指南》．第1版．清华大学出版社 2000．p6-7
[23] 康创工作室．《Authorware 5 自学教程》．第1版．清华大学出版社．1999．p4-5
[24] 云忠，汤晓燕．Authorware5.0 电子课件的网上发布．Computer Era. 2000．10．p40-41
[25] 谢鹤宜，梁妙园，冯刚，何秀玲，喻莹．在Internet上进行远程教育可行性分析及相关技术的研究．微型电脑应用．1999．4．p42-44
[26] H. M. Deitel, P. J. Deitel. 《JAVA HOW TO with an Introduction to Visual J++》. Publishing House Of Electronics Industry. P10-11
[27] 王克宏，刘波．《JAVA语言API类库》．第1版．清华大学出版社．P100-102
[28] D. M. 吉瑞，A. L. 麦克莱伦．《JAVA图形设计》．第1版．西蒙与舒斯特国际出版公司．P40
[29] 姜刚等．《JAVA语言程序设计》．第1版．人民邮电出版社．p10
[30] 吴健，蒋立源等．《Java语言及应用技术》．第1版．西北工业大学出版社．p25
[31] 陈庆章，林建明，赵新建，胡同森．Web环境下的合作学习系统的设计与实现．计算机工程．2000．9．p72-75
[32] 方亮，金晶．虚拟教室中电子白版系统的实现．电脑信息技术．2000．3．p14-17
[33] 曹健，张友良，黄双喜，周心广．计算机支持下的协同设计及其环境研究．计算机工程与应用．1999．5．p39-41
[34] 冯晨华，徐捷，王鸿谷，庄钊文．CSCW 系统中共享对象的协作支持模型．计算机研究与发展．1999．7．p134-138
[35] 何鸿君，吴泉源，罗莉．基于应用共享的CSCW系统的模型与实现．计算机研究与发展．1999．7．p134-138
[36] 郑庆华，李人厚．CSCW协调与交互模型的研究与应用．计算机研究与发展．1999．7
[37] John Zukowski. 《Java2 从入门到精通》．邱仲潘等．第1版．电子工业出版社．1999．4．p102
[38] Janet Edwardsl, Peter R. Gibson2. INTRANET SYSTEM TO MANAGE STUDENT PROJECTWORK. http://learning. 21cn. com/education/peixun/netstudy/1/0020.html
[39] Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Research Group. http://www.comp. lancs. ac. uk/sociology/CSCW. html
[40] CSCW in the Office. http://spuds. Cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547-95/pfeifer/cscw_office. html
[41] Jonathan Grudin. CSCW: History and Focus. http://www. ics. uci. edu/~grudin/Papers/IEEE94/IEEEComplastsub. html
[42] Whatis CSCW and Groupware. http://spuds. cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547- 95/pfeifer/cscw_definition. html
[43] 刘飞龙．用JAVA编制Internet电子白板软件．http://www.computerworld.com.cn/99/tips/9901/01202_07.asp
[44] 余海燕，郑笔飞，基于Java的Web聊天室系统．电脑编程技巧与维护．2000．6．p67-70
[45] 董兴其，赖金．建立网上学校模型的若干教育和技术问题．计算机工程．1999．9．p52-53
[46] 薛俊玲，崔末兰．标准JAVA中如何实现图形按钮．电脑开发与应用．2000．6．p37-39
[47] 赵志诚，徐玉斌，高惠敏，曾建潮．基于C／S模式的Winsock网络通信程序的开发．计算机工程．2000．4．p24
[48] 徐估军，吴元保．基于Winsock的网络实时通信程序的设计．计算机工程．1999．11．p98-100
[49] 清华大学多媒体研发中心，西门子(普林斯顿)企业研究所．Artemis：远程教学的实时多媒体教室．International Netowrks & Multimedia. 2000. 1. Vol 8. No 1. p71-73
[50] 吕昊．利用Java实现网络通信．电脑编程技巧与维护．2000．2．p71-74
[51] 曾峰．Windows环境下服务器端的多线程TCP／IP编程．电脑编程技巧与维护．2000．2．p75-77
[52] 肖波，诸鸿文．实时CSCW系统的并发控制框架的研究与设计．计算机研究与发展．1999．7．p155-158
[53] ASP: 读取通过表单发送的数据．http://www6.163. com/news/pitem/0, 1587, it_5569_it, 00. html
[54] ASP: 浏览器中上载文件的方法与实现．http://www6.163. com/news/p-item/0, 1587, it_3090_it, 00. html
[55] Java. Applet 编程技巧．http://www. nease. net/~rygshen/tech/appletl. html
[56] 张茂军，孙立峰，王炜．带你走进虚拟空间会议系统．http://www. tongji. edu. cn/~yangdy/computer/VST/paperl. htm
[57] 用分布式对象技术构造 Java 应用．http://javabar. silversand. net/ technology/ talkapp/c-app-003. htm
[58] vb 网络功能与编程．http://javabar. silversand. net/technology/talkapp/c-app-012. htm
[59] 白中英．《计算机组成原理》．第2版．科学出版社
[60] Sean P. Brobhy. Computer Partner in the Classroom: Fostering Small Group Problem Solving. http://www-csc195. indiana. edu/csc195/brophy. html
[61] BSCW-Collaborative information sharing with WWW. http://orgwis. gmd. de/publ/bscwpub. html
[62] CSCW Survey Results. http://www.brainstorm.co.uk/CSCW/CSCW_Survey/Welcome. htm
[63] CSCW: Inquiring and Learning. http://www.comp.lancs.ac. uk/computing/research/cseg/ecscw97/Papers.html
[64] CSCW Time and Place Dimensions. http://spuds.cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/54795/pfeifer/cscw_time_place. html
[65] Evaluation mithods in the CSCW literature. http://www.comp.lancs.uk/computing/research/csed/projects/evaluation/lit_me thods. html
[66] Fair Information Practices with Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). http://www. ibiblio. org/cmc/mag/1994/jun/cscw. htm
[67] Teresa Cerratto, Claire Belisle. Reframing Learning in CSCL Environments. http://www-csc195. indiana. edu/csc195/cerratto. htm
[68] Yahiko Kambayashi, Kaoru Katayama. Modifying CSCW Environments Dynamically for Supporting Virtual Enterprises. http://www.computer. org/proceedings/ride/0119/01190080abs. htm
[69] The Domain and Goals of CSCW. http://spuds. Cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547-95/pfeifer/cscw_domain. html
[70] Whatis CSCW and Groupware. http://spuds. cpsc. ucalgary. ca/courses/547-5/pfeifer/cscw_definition. html
[71] Leslie Monplaisir. An integrated CSCW architecture for integrated product/process design and development. Robotics and Computer -Integrated Manufacture. 1999. Vol 15. P145-153
[72] 韩平，唐晓梅，费玮．支持协同学习的多媒体网络教学系统．http://www. cpst. net. cn/cpst/xslt/xslw/oa991w/oa991w39. htm
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |