湖底清淤立式锥筛篮离心脱水机的研究
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摘要
近年来,我国一些省份连续出现了严重水灾,在抗洪救灾过程中,暴露出水利工程的许多问题,其中河道淤泥堆积问题尤为突出。处理河道堆积淤泥的关键技术涉及湖底淤泥的抽吸和湖底淤泥的脱水,多年来,人们一直在研究探索河道淤泥的高效脱水方式。本课题通过前期研究,确定了对传统锥筛篮离心机进行改进,并对其主要零部件进行可靠性优化设计,使之能更好地满足湖底淤泥离心脱水要求。
本文通过对国内外立式离心机的调查研究,在综合它们的优缺点的基础上,针对湖底淤泥要求,改进设计了一种新型的立式锥筛篮离心机,改进后的锥筛篮离心脱水机具有滤饼含水率可控和滤网自动清洗等特点;同时利用有限元方法对该离心机关键部件进行了可靠性优化设计。本论文共分六章主要研究内容如下:
第一章通过对河道淤泥脱水设备和离心机国内外现状的调查研究,探讨了淤泥脱水以及离心分离设备近年来国内外研究现状,分析了它们用于淤泥脱水过程中存在的问题,确立了本课题主要研究内容及关键技术。
第二章首先通过对离心机过滤脱水机理的学习研究,根据达西经验公式,推导了过滤基本方程,并在此基础上得出了不可压缩滤饼恒压、恒速、先恒压后恒速的过滤方程,并深入分析了离心恒压过滤有关参数对淤泥含水率的影响,为本方案的实现奠定了理论基础。
第三章提出了对立式锥筛篮离心机的改进设计方案,确定了新型立式锥筛篮离心机设备的主要参数,包括转速、分离因数和功率,然后对立式锥筛篮离心机物料颗粒进行了动力学分析,建立了物料运动路程、运动速度与转鼓半径、半锥角、角速度及时间的数学模型。
第四章通过对新型立式锥筛篮离心机关键部件的研究,结合可靠性优化设计理论,对关键部件筛篮和主轴进行了优化设计,得到了合理的设计结果。
第五章建立了新型立式锥筛篮离心机锥筛篮和主轴转子参数化三维有限元模型,并分别对它们进行了有限元分析,通过分析证实了设计的合理性。
第六章对本文所做的主要研究内容进行了总结和概括,并对本课题提出了不足和展望。
本课题的创新点:
⑴通过研究,改进设计了一种适合湖底污泥脱水,且滤饼含水率可以控制,滤网自动清洗的新型立式锥筛篮离心机,并且给出了主要设计参数的确定方法。
⑵建立了这种锥筛篮离心机物料运动路程、运动速度与转鼓半径、半锥角、角速度及时间的动力学模型。
⑶对锥筛篮离心机的关键部件——筛篮和主轴进行了可靠性优化设计,并建立了三维有限元模型,进行了有限元分析。
In recent years, there is many serious flood in some provinces of our country. A lot of problems were exposed in water conservancy projects, especially the river sludge accumulation problem. To solve the problem, it may refer to the silt transmitting and silt dewatering. Over several years, people have always done researches and explored how to deal with sludge dewatering. This project establishes the idea of improving the traditional vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge through the study, and does research on reliability of its main components optimized design, so that it can better meet the requirements of the lakebed sludge dewatering
This text analyzed its advantages and disadvantages, then improve the vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge. The new vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge can automatically control the moisture rate of filter cake and automatically wash the filter. Then finish the reliability optimization design of its key parts by FEM. The paper contains six chapters, its main research contents are as following:
In chapter 1, research status quo of river sludge dewatering equipment and centrifuge in recent years in nation and abroad are discussed, research status quo and existent problems of centrifuges are discussed in detail. Then establishes the main research contents and key technology.
In chapter 2, at first through the study of centrifuge filtering mechanism, we educe the basic filtering equation according to Darcy formula, and then educe the constant pressure, constant velocity, first constant pressure later constant velocity equation for uncompress filter cake. Then we deeply analyze the influence of parameters to the moisture rate of filter cake in centrifugal constant pressure filtering, which set the theory base for the project.
In chapter 3, we put forward a structure improve method for the vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge, and establish its main parameters, including rotate speed, separate factor and power. Then finish its dynamics analysis, and set up its mathematical model between materiel movement distance, speed, centrifugal basket radius, taper angle, angle velocity and time.
In chapter 4, by the research on the key parts of the new vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge, combine with reliability optimal design theory, we design the centrifugal basket and the axis, and get a reasonable result.
In chapter 5, we construct the 3D finite element models of the centrifugal basket and the axis, and finish their finite analysis, the result proves that the design is reasonable.
In chapter 6, we give the sum-up of the paper and put forward to the shortages and prospects of the project.
The innovative points of this project:
⑴We design a new type of vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge, which can automatically control the moisture rate of filter cake and automatically wash the filter. Then we provide the methods of establish its main parameters.
⑵We set up its mathematical model between materiel movement distance, speed, centrifugal basket radius, taper angle, angle velocity and time.
⑶We finish the reliability optimal design of its key parts--the centrifugal basket and the axis, and set up their 3D finite element models, then do the finite element analysis.
本文通过对国内外立式离心机的调查研究,在综合它们的优缺点的基础上,针对湖底淤泥要求,改进设计了一种新型的立式锥筛篮离心机,改进后的锥筛篮离心脱水机具有滤饼含水率可控和滤网自动清洗等特点;同时利用有限元方法对该离心机关键部件进行了可靠性优化设计。本论文共分六章主要研究内容如下:
第一章通过对河道淤泥脱水设备和离心机国内外现状的调查研究,探讨了淤泥脱水以及离心分离设备近年来国内外研究现状,分析了它们用于淤泥脱水过程中存在的问题,确立了本课题主要研究内容及关键技术。
第二章首先通过对离心机过滤脱水机理的学习研究,根据达西经验公式,推导了过滤基本方程,并在此基础上得出了不可压缩滤饼恒压、恒速、先恒压后恒速的过滤方程,并深入分析了离心恒压过滤有关参数对淤泥含水率的影响,为本方案的实现奠定了理论基础。
第三章提出了对立式锥筛篮离心机的改进设计方案,确定了新型立式锥筛篮离心机设备的主要参数,包括转速、分离因数和功率,然后对立式锥筛篮离心机物料颗粒进行了动力学分析,建立了物料运动路程、运动速度与转鼓半径、半锥角、角速度及时间的数学模型。
第四章通过对新型立式锥筛篮离心机关键部件的研究,结合可靠性优化设计理论,对关键部件筛篮和主轴进行了优化设计,得到了合理的设计结果。
第五章建立了新型立式锥筛篮离心机锥筛篮和主轴转子参数化三维有限元模型,并分别对它们进行了有限元分析,通过分析证实了设计的合理性。
第六章对本文所做的主要研究内容进行了总结和概括,并对本课题提出了不足和展望。
本课题的创新点:
⑴通过研究,改进设计了一种适合湖底污泥脱水,且滤饼含水率可以控制,滤网自动清洗的新型立式锥筛篮离心机,并且给出了主要设计参数的确定方法。
⑵建立了这种锥筛篮离心机物料运动路程、运动速度与转鼓半径、半锥角、角速度及时间的动力学模型。
⑶对锥筛篮离心机的关键部件——筛篮和主轴进行了可靠性优化设计,并建立了三维有限元模型,进行了有限元分析。
In recent years, there is many serious flood in some provinces of our country. A lot of problems were exposed in water conservancy projects, especially the river sludge accumulation problem. To solve the problem, it may refer to the silt transmitting and silt dewatering. Over several years, people have always done researches and explored how to deal with sludge dewatering. This project establishes the idea of improving the traditional vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge through the study, and does research on reliability of its main components optimized design, so that it can better meet the requirements of the lakebed sludge dewatering
This text analyzed its advantages and disadvantages, then improve the vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge. The new vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge can automatically control the moisture rate of filter cake and automatically wash the filter. Then finish the reliability optimization design of its key parts by FEM. The paper contains six chapters, its main research contents are as following:
In chapter 1, research status quo of river sludge dewatering equipment and centrifuge in recent years in nation and abroad are discussed, research status quo and existent problems of centrifuges are discussed in detail. Then establishes the main research contents and key technology.
In chapter 2, at first through the study of centrifuge filtering mechanism, we educe the basic filtering equation according to Darcy formula, and then educe the constant pressure, constant velocity, first constant pressure later constant velocity equation for uncompress filter cake. Then we deeply analyze the influence of parameters to the moisture rate of filter cake in centrifugal constant pressure filtering, which set the theory base for the project.
In chapter 3, we put forward a structure improve method for the vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge, and establish its main parameters, including rotate speed, separate factor and power. Then finish its dynamics analysis, and set up its mathematical model between materiel movement distance, speed, centrifugal basket radius, taper angle, angle velocity and time.
In chapter 4, by the research on the key parts of the new vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge, combine with reliability optimal design theory, we design the centrifugal basket and the axis, and get a reasonable result.
In chapter 5, we construct the 3D finite element models of the centrifugal basket and the axis, and finish their finite analysis, the result proves that the design is reasonable.
In chapter 6, we give the sum-up of the paper and put forward to the shortages and prospects of the project.
The innovative points of this project:
⑴We design a new type of vertical cone sieve dewatering centrifuge, which can automatically control the moisture rate of filter cake and automatically wash the filter. Then we provide the methods of establish its main parameters.
⑵We set up its mathematical model between materiel movement distance, speed, centrifugal basket radius, taper angle, angle velocity and time.
⑶We finish the reliability optimal design of its key parts--the centrifugal basket and the axis, and set up their 3D finite element models, then do the finite element analysis.
引文
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[4]赵庆祥.污泥资源化技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[5]梁金龙,章琪.国外过滤与分离机械发展概况.过滤与分离.2000,5-8 10 (4): 1-7
[6]谢广元,张明旭等,选矿学(M),江苏:中国矿业大学出版社
[7]宗永平.国外带式压榨过滤机的发展概况.过滤与分离.1999, (3)
[8]芮延年,闻邦椿,易丽军.带式压滤机脱水机理及结构的研究,黄金,1996, 17(12)
[9]孙启才.分离机械.北京:化学工业出版社,1997
[10]丁启圣,王维一等.新型实用过滤技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000
[11]刘凡清,范德顺,黄钟.固液分离与工业水处理.北京:中国石化出版社,2000.1
[12]芮延年,闻邦椿,郝长中等.滤网与滤饼之间粘附力的试验研究.沈阳工业学院学报,1997. 16(1):49-53
[13]任玉新, 陈海昕编著. 计算流体力学基础,北京:清华大学出版社 2006
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[16]黄秋波,高兴岐,曾好平,新型卧式螺旋卸料沉降式离心机的设计与分析((J),流体机械,11-27
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[19]粟玉民.螺旋卸料过滤离心机生产能力的计算,流体机械,1994(8)
[20]胡参军.煤泥离心机优化粗煤泥回收工艺的实践,选煤技术,2001(6)
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[22]Fan Deshuna and R.J.Wakeman etc. effects of Step Drums on Solids Residence times in-Conical Basket and Tumbler Centrifuges, Filtration and Separation,March/April,1992,351-354
[23]阚晓平,立式螺旋卸料煤泥离心机物料的动力学分析与设计参数的选择(D),煤炭科学研究总院,2004-04-01
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[26]刘凡清等.固液分离与工业水处理,北京:中国石化出版社,2001.5
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[28]粟玉民.过滤式螺旋卸料离心滤渣的动力学分析,流体机械,1999(3)
[29]Improved Dewatering in Fine Coal Centrifuges,CSIRO Division Of Energy Technology,James C Donnelly and Associates,B.Johnston.L.tapleton, C Veal J.Dormelly. Pri No:C4052 Report Published:1/06/1997
[30]刘羽,崇凯.基于模糊分析的农用运输车双万向传动轴可靠性优化设计,拖拉机与农用运输车,2007.10(34)
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[2]查耀华, 彭珍风,郭伟.湖塘清淤技术及应用[J].农业装备技术,2004 (06)
[3]张建华,马洪生.中小河道清淤问题与新型适用机械开发[J]. 治淮,1999 (01)
[4]赵庆祥.污泥资源化技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[5]梁金龙,章琪.国外过滤与分离机械发展概况.过滤与分离.2000,5-8 10 (4): 1-7
[6]谢广元,张明旭等,选矿学(M),江苏:中国矿业大学出版社
[7]宗永平.国外带式压榨过滤机的发展概况.过滤与分离.1999, (3)
[8]芮延年,闻邦椿,易丽军.带式压滤机脱水机理及结构的研究,黄金,1996, 17(12)
[9]孙启才.分离机械.北京:化学工业出版社,1997
[10]丁启圣,王维一等.新型实用过滤技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000
[11]刘凡清,范德顺,黄钟.固液分离与工业水处理.北京:中国石化出版社,2000.1
[12]芮延年,闻邦椿,郝长中等.滤网与滤饼之间粘附力的试验研究.沈阳工业学院学报,1997. 16(1):49-53
[13]任玉新, 陈海昕编著. 计算流体力学基础,北京:清华大学出版社 2006
[14]孙启才,金鼎五.离心机原理结构与设计计算,北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[15]杨守志, 孙德孙, 何方箴编著.固液分离,北京:冶金工业出版社,2003
[16]黄秋波,高兴岐,曾好平,新型卧式螺旋卸料沉降式离心机的设计与分析((J),流体机械,11-27
[17]朱企新,金鼎五等,固液分离(M),第二版,1990
[18]R.Hogg, DEWATERING OF FINE COAL,High Efficiency Coal Preparation,An Symposium, International.Kawatra(editor),1995,P409-418
[19]粟玉民.螺旋卸料过滤离心机生产能力的计算,流体机械,1994(8)
[20]胡参军.煤泥离心机优化粗煤泥回收工艺的实践,选煤技术,2001(6)
[21]黄钟,范德顺,张勇,相健.锥篮离心机生产能力与卸料功率计算,北京化工学院学报,1990(2)
[22]Fan Deshuna and R.J.Wakeman etc. effects of Step Drums on Solids Residence times in-Conical Basket and Tumbler Centrifuges, Filtration and Separation,March/April,1992,351-354
[23]阚晓平,立式螺旋卸料煤泥离心机物料的动力学分析与设计参数的选择(D),煤炭科学研究总院,2004-04-01
[24][苏]B.N.索柯罗夫,离心分离理论及设备,北京:机械工业出版社,1986. 10
[25]成大先.机械设计手册第四版第一卷[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[26]刘凡清等.固液分离与工业水处理,北京:中国石化出版社,2001.5
[27]徐新阳,罗茜.关于过滤理论与滤饼可压缩性的探讨,过滤与分离,1999(1)
[28]粟玉民.过滤式螺旋卸料离心滤渣的动力学分析,流体机械,1999(3)
[29]Improved Dewatering in Fine Coal Centrifuges,CSIRO Division Of Energy Technology,James C Donnelly and Associates,B.Johnston.L.tapleton, C Veal J.Dormelly. Pri No:C4052 Report Published:1/06/1997
[30]刘羽,崇凯.基于模糊分析的农用运输车双万向传动轴可靠性优化设计,拖拉机与农用运输车,2007.10(34)
[31]黄洪钟.机械设计模糊优化原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
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