酒精糟液污泥处理与有机复混缓释肥料研究
摘要
本项研究针对金沂蒙集团污水处理厂厌氧-耗氧污泥,即浓缩池混合污泥为研究对象,寻找一种符合清洁化生产要求、高效节能的污泥处置方法,使其减量化、无害化和资源化。主要研究结果如下:
(1)无机混凝剂的作用在于使有机胶体破胶、脱稳,通过有机高分子絮凝剂的吸附架桥作用絮凝沉淀。联合处理与单独投加有机高分子絮凝剂处理相比,微减压过滤后滤饼含水率两者之间没有明显差别。
(2)污泥脱水的困难之一,是部分水有以临界面水附着在粒子表面的倾向。污泥脱水处理试验表明,这种水只有通过可附着水的表面层的变化才可能除去,普通药剂对临界面水没有影响。聚合物只能影响到间隙水,对临界面水和水合水没有影响。污泥经过调质处理后进行机械脱水,只能分离自由水和间隙水。
(3)研究基于污泥滤饼脱水和木质素、纤维素降解,采用槽式发酵技术,使污泥滤饼中的木质素、纤维素快速分解腐熟。利用太阳能、生物能以及机械能,实现污泥滤饼高温好氧发酵二次脱水,一般需8~10天达到腐熟,污泥滤饼含水量由70%~80%%降至25%~30%。试验围绕污泥滤饼二次脱水、控制发酵进程污泥滤饼的含水率,所采取的工艺方法和技术措施是可行的;用含水率评价污泥滤饼堆肥腐熟度也是可行的。
(4)有机复混缓释肥料生产试验研究表明,浓缩池混合污泥经过调质、机械脱水和高温好氧发酵二次脱水处理是较为理想的基质材料;有机基质的加入减少了粘壁现象,但增加了成粒的难度;添加缓释剂,可提高成粒率25%~40%。
(5)有机复混缓释肥料缓释性能试验研究表明,有机物料作为一种载体(或基质)具有缓释性,这种有机基质可延长肥料中氮素的释放时间。有机基质与化肥复配其产品具有缓释性,可提高肥料的利用率。有机基质通过有机高分子材料改性,可进一步提高肥料的缓释性,推迟养分释放高峰期。
(6)有机复混缓释肥料田间肥效试验研究表明,有机复混缓释肥料可提高作物产量、提高对N素的利用率,减少土壤剖面硝态氮含量,有机复混缓释肥料为环境友好型肥料。
(7)有机复混缓释肥料生态环境安全评价从两个方面进行,一是复合材料的生态环境安全评价,二是使用这些材料制作的缓释肥料的生态环境安全评价。
水溶性复合材料的生物降解性的研究结果表明:CF2在第4周开始降解,第11周全部降解;N-PS在第8周开始降解,第20周全部降解;N-BX在第7周开始降解,第16周全部降解;Sty-MM在第9周开始降解,第20周基本上全部降解。
水溶性复合材料对土壤生物的影响研究结果表明:各缓释材料处理对细菌、放线菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌、纤维分解菌种群数量均有所增加,其中Sty-MM处理增加量最大;对真菌、固氮菌种群数量影响不大;对反硝化细菌种群数量有减少的趋势;各缓释材料处理对土壤动物的线虫动物门、寡毛钢、蜱螨目、鞘翅目的数量均有增加,其中Sty-MM处理增加数量最多,其次是N-PS处理;在Sty-MM、N-BX、N-PS混聚物处理中检测出腹足目、蜘蛛纲、等足目、倍足目、弹尾目、膜翅目土壤动物,同样是Sty-MM处理中最多,在CK1、CF2处理中未检出。
水溶性复合材料对作物出苗和苗期生长的影响研究结果表明:4种新研制的复合材料对小麦的发芽没有抑制作用,在不同的浓度下,小麦种子的发芽率都在99%以上,与清水对照相似。说明CF2,N-PS,N-BX,Sty-MM对小麦的发芽是安全的。
有机复混缓释肥对小麦出苗和苗期生长影响的研究结果表明:各个处理小麦的出苗率均在95%以上,与等NPK化肥和不施照对照相似;冬前调查显示,小麦地上部干重、叶面积、叶绿素含量与等NPK养分化肥和不施肥对照各项指标不但没有减少反而有所增加;4种水溶性复合材料制成的胶结型和胶结包膜型缓释肥对小麦出苗以及苗期的生长没有不良影响。
有机复混缓释肥对土壤剖面硝态氮含量影响的研究结果表明:胶结包膜型缓释肥料可显著降低硝态氮向地下水流失的风险,其含量符合地下水硝酸盐含量标准;胶结包膜型缓释肥料土壤硝态氮累积量介于CK1与CK2之间,能够有效减少硝态氮的累积淋失量;胶结包膜型缓释肥料比NPK复混肥料能大幅度地减少硝态氮地淋溶损失。
The object of this thesis is to look for a sludge disposal method fitting cleaner production and efficient energy-saving to quantitative reduction, innocuousness and resource. The object of study is the Jinyimeng company anaerobic-oxygen consumption sludge that is concentrated pool of sludge mixed. Key findings are as follows:
(1)Inorganic coagulant role is to make organic colloid out of steady and flocculation precipitation through the role of absorption of organic polymer flocculants bridging. United disposal compared to separate vote organic polymer flocculants, it is no significant difference between the moisture content of filter cake after micro-vacuum filtered.
(2)One of sludge dehydration difficulties is the tendency to some water attaching to the surface of the particles especially provisional interface water. Experiment of sludge dehydration showed that this kind of water maybe eliminate only by the interface change of attached water and common reagent useless. Polymer can only affect the pore water, and not affect the provisional interface water and hydration water. If sludge had a mechanical dehydration after modified treatment, it can only be separated free water and water space.
(3)After the sludge mixed of concentrated pool were modified quality(flocculated) and mechanical pressure filter dehydration, the moisture content of filter cake was 70%~80%, rich in lignified fiber and cannot be used as raw material of organic-mixed fertilizer and must be disposed. Using solar energy, bio-energy and mechanical energy, the processing time reduced, energy consumption decreased,and the second dehydration of sludge filter cake high-temperature aerobic fermentation could be done. The moisture content of filter cake decreased by 30%~35%, less in lignified fiber and the powdery material generated as a vector was a more satisfactory slow-release material. Fermentation period was 8~12d, and maturity was 28%~32%(standard compost is about 30%, and groove type fermentation is 15%~20%).
(4)The production test of organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer showed that the sludge mixed of concentrated pool were more satisfactory medium materials after modified quality, mechanical dehydration and the second dehydration of high-temperature aerobic fermentation. The addition of organic matrix is conducive to form granulation, and reduce the viscosity of the wall.
(5)The performance test of organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer showed that Organic materials(matrix) may be extend the release time of fertilizer nitrogen as a vector (or matrix) with slow-release performance. Organic matrix compound with fertilizers had slow-release performance and increased nitrogen recovery. Through organic polymer materials modified, organic matrix could increase nitrogen recovery further, delay the release peak period of nutrient and control with different particle variable speed technology.
(6)The field experiment of organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer showed that organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer could increase crop yield, nitrogen recovery, and reduce nitrate content in soil profile. Organic-mixed slow-release fertilizers are environment-friendly.
(7)Evaluation in Eco-protection of organic-mixed slow-released fertilizer runs in two aspects. One aspect is Evaluation in Eco-protection of the. The other side is Evaluation in Eco-protection of the slow-release fertilizer made from the composite.
The results of the studies on water-solubility composite were as follows: the degradation of CF2 began in the fourth week, and accomplished in the tenth week; the degradation of N-PS began in the eighth week, and accomplished in the twentieth week; the degradation of N-BX began in the seventh week, and accomplished in the sixteenth week; and the degradation of Sty-MM began in the ninth week, and basically accomplished in the twentieth week.
The results of the studies at the effects of the water-solubility composite on soil organism showed that the amounts of the bacteria, actinomyces, ammoniate bacteria, nitrobacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria all increased after the treatment by the slow-release materials, in which the biggest increment was come from the treatment by Sty-MM. But the influences of the amounts of epiphyte and azotobacter from the treatment were slight. And the amount of anti-nitrobacteria decreased after the treatment. The amounts of Nematoda phylum, Annelida, Soil mites, and Coleoptera all increased, in which the biggest increment was come from the treatment by Sty-MM and then the N-PS. Gastropod, Araneae, Isopoda, Diplopoda, Collembola and Hymenoptera was detected after the treatment by the polymer of Sty-MM, N-BX and N-PS, which was not happened in the treatment from CK1 or CF2. The biggest increment was likewise come from the treatment by Sty-MM.
The results of the studies at the effects of the water-solubility composite on crop emergence and seedling growth showed that the four new composites would not inhibit the seed germination of wheat. In different concentrations, the seed germination rate was over 99 percents, which was similar with clean water. The results proved that CF2,N-PS,N-BX,Sty-MM was safe for seed germination of wheat.
The results of the studies at the effects of organic mixture slow-released fertilizer on crop emergence and seedling growth showed that the seed germination rates of wheat which received different treatments were all over 95 percents, which was similar with wheat fertilized by fertilizer contain equitable NPK, and with wheat never fertilized. The investigation before the winter showed that the weight of the wheat fields top, the leaf area, and the chlorophyll content increased compared with wheat fertilized by fertilizer contain equitable NPK and with wheat never fertilized. There were no bad influences on crop emergence and seedling growth from the coated slow-released fertilizer made from the four new composites.
The results of the studies at the effects of organic mixture slow-released fertilizer on the nitrate content in the soil profile showed that the coated slow-released fertilizer could decrease the risk of the nitrate loss to the groundwater. And the nitrate content accorded the groundwater nitrate content standard. When the nitrate cumulation in the soil by the coated slow-released fertilizer was between CK1 and CK2, the loss of the nitrate would be effectively reduced. The coated slow-released fertilizer could obviously reduce the loss of the nitrate compared with the NPK compound fertilizer.
(1)无机混凝剂的作用在于使有机胶体破胶、脱稳,通过有机高分子絮凝剂的吸附架桥作用絮凝沉淀。联合处理与单独投加有机高分子絮凝剂处理相比,微减压过滤后滤饼含水率两者之间没有明显差别。
(2)污泥脱水的困难之一,是部分水有以临界面水附着在粒子表面的倾向。污泥脱水处理试验表明,这种水只有通过可附着水的表面层的变化才可能除去,普通药剂对临界面水没有影响。聚合物只能影响到间隙水,对临界面水和水合水没有影响。污泥经过调质处理后进行机械脱水,只能分离自由水和间隙水。
(3)研究基于污泥滤饼脱水和木质素、纤维素降解,采用槽式发酵技术,使污泥滤饼中的木质素、纤维素快速分解腐熟。利用太阳能、生物能以及机械能,实现污泥滤饼高温好氧发酵二次脱水,一般需8~10天达到腐熟,污泥滤饼含水量由70%~80%%降至25%~30%。试验围绕污泥滤饼二次脱水、控制发酵进程污泥滤饼的含水率,所采取的工艺方法和技术措施是可行的;用含水率评价污泥滤饼堆肥腐熟度也是可行的。
(4)有机复混缓释肥料生产试验研究表明,浓缩池混合污泥经过调质、机械脱水和高温好氧发酵二次脱水处理是较为理想的基质材料;有机基质的加入减少了粘壁现象,但增加了成粒的难度;添加缓释剂,可提高成粒率25%~40%。
(5)有机复混缓释肥料缓释性能试验研究表明,有机物料作为一种载体(或基质)具有缓释性,这种有机基质可延长肥料中氮素的释放时间。有机基质与化肥复配其产品具有缓释性,可提高肥料的利用率。有机基质通过有机高分子材料改性,可进一步提高肥料的缓释性,推迟养分释放高峰期。
(6)有机复混缓释肥料田间肥效试验研究表明,有机复混缓释肥料可提高作物产量、提高对N素的利用率,减少土壤剖面硝态氮含量,有机复混缓释肥料为环境友好型肥料。
(7)有机复混缓释肥料生态环境安全评价从两个方面进行,一是复合材料的生态环境安全评价,二是使用这些材料制作的缓释肥料的生态环境安全评价。
水溶性复合材料的生物降解性的研究结果表明:CF2在第4周开始降解,第11周全部降解;N-PS在第8周开始降解,第20周全部降解;N-BX在第7周开始降解,第16周全部降解;Sty-MM在第9周开始降解,第20周基本上全部降解。
水溶性复合材料对土壤生物的影响研究结果表明:各缓释材料处理对细菌、放线菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌、纤维分解菌种群数量均有所增加,其中Sty-MM处理增加量最大;对真菌、固氮菌种群数量影响不大;对反硝化细菌种群数量有减少的趋势;各缓释材料处理对土壤动物的线虫动物门、寡毛钢、蜱螨目、鞘翅目的数量均有增加,其中Sty-MM处理增加数量最多,其次是N-PS处理;在Sty-MM、N-BX、N-PS混聚物处理中检测出腹足目、蜘蛛纲、等足目、倍足目、弹尾目、膜翅目土壤动物,同样是Sty-MM处理中最多,在CK1、CF2处理中未检出。
水溶性复合材料对作物出苗和苗期生长的影响研究结果表明:4种新研制的复合材料对小麦的发芽没有抑制作用,在不同的浓度下,小麦种子的发芽率都在99%以上,与清水对照相似。说明CF2,N-PS,N-BX,Sty-MM对小麦的发芽是安全的。
有机复混缓释肥对小麦出苗和苗期生长影响的研究结果表明:各个处理小麦的出苗率均在95%以上,与等NPK化肥和不施照对照相似;冬前调查显示,小麦地上部干重、叶面积、叶绿素含量与等NPK养分化肥和不施肥对照各项指标不但没有减少反而有所增加;4种水溶性复合材料制成的胶结型和胶结包膜型缓释肥对小麦出苗以及苗期的生长没有不良影响。
有机复混缓释肥对土壤剖面硝态氮含量影响的研究结果表明:胶结包膜型缓释肥料可显著降低硝态氮向地下水流失的风险,其含量符合地下水硝酸盐含量标准;胶结包膜型缓释肥料土壤硝态氮累积量介于CK1与CK2之间,能够有效减少硝态氮的累积淋失量;胶结包膜型缓释肥料比NPK复混肥料能大幅度地减少硝态氮地淋溶损失。
The object of this thesis is to look for a sludge disposal method fitting cleaner production and efficient energy-saving to quantitative reduction, innocuousness and resource. The object of study is the Jinyimeng company anaerobic-oxygen consumption sludge that is concentrated pool of sludge mixed. Key findings are as follows:
(1)Inorganic coagulant role is to make organic colloid out of steady and flocculation precipitation through the role of absorption of organic polymer flocculants bridging. United disposal compared to separate vote organic polymer flocculants, it is no significant difference between the moisture content of filter cake after micro-vacuum filtered.
(2)One of sludge dehydration difficulties is the tendency to some water attaching to the surface of the particles especially provisional interface water. Experiment of sludge dehydration showed that this kind of water maybe eliminate only by the interface change of attached water and common reagent useless. Polymer can only affect the pore water, and not affect the provisional interface water and hydration water. If sludge had a mechanical dehydration after modified treatment, it can only be separated free water and water space.
(3)After the sludge mixed of concentrated pool were modified quality(flocculated) and mechanical pressure filter dehydration, the moisture content of filter cake was 70%~80%, rich in lignified fiber and cannot be used as raw material of organic-mixed fertilizer and must be disposed. Using solar energy, bio-energy and mechanical energy, the processing time reduced, energy consumption decreased,and the second dehydration of sludge filter cake high-temperature aerobic fermentation could be done. The moisture content of filter cake decreased by 30%~35%, less in lignified fiber and the powdery material generated as a vector was a more satisfactory slow-release material. Fermentation period was 8~12d, and maturity was 28%~32%(standard compost is about 30%, and groove type fermentation is 15%~20%).
(4)The production test of organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer showed that the sludge mixed of concentrated pool were more satisfactory medium materials after modified quality, mechanical dehydration and the second dehydration of high-temperature aerobic fermentation. The addition of organic matrix is conducive to form granulation, and reduce the viscosity of the wall.
(5)The performance test of organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer showed that Organic materials(matrix) may be extend the release time of fertilizer nitrogen as a vector (or matrix) with slow-release performance. Organic matrix compound with fertilizers had slow-release performance and increased nitrogen recovery. Through organic polymer materials modified, organic matrix could increase nitrogen recovery further, delay the release peak period of nutrient and control with different particle variable speed technology.
(6)The field experiment of organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer showed that organic-mixed slow-release fertilizer could increase crop yield, nitrogen recovery, and reduce nitrate content in soil profile. Organic-mixed slow-release fertilizers are environment-friendly.
(7)Evaluation in Eco-protection of organic-mixed slow-released fertilizer runs in two aspects. One aspect is Evaluation in Eco-protection of the. The other side is Evaluation in Eco-protection of the slow-release fertilizer made from the composite.
The results of the studies on water-solubility composite were as follows: the degradation of CF2 began in the fourth week, and accomplished in the tenth week; the degradation of N-PS began in the eighth week, and accomplished in the twentieth week; the degradation of N-BX began in the seventh week, and accomplished in the sixteenth week; and the degradation of Sty-MM began in the ninth week, and basically accomplished in the twentieth week.
The results of the studies at the effects of the water-solubility composite on soil organism showed that the amounts of the bacteria, actinomyces, ammoniate bacteria, nitrobacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria all increased after the treatment by the slow-release materials, in which the biggest increment was come from the treatment by Sty-MM. But the influences of the amounts of epiphyte and azotobacter from the treatment were slight. And the amount of anti-nitrobacteria decreased after the treatment. The amounts of Nematoda phylum, Annelida, Soil mites, and Coleoptera all increased, in which the biggest increment was come from the treatment by Sty-MM and then the N-PS. Gastropod, Araneae, Isopoda, Diplopoda, Collembola and Hymenoptera was detected after the treatment by the polymer of Sty-MM, N-BX and N-PS, which was not happened in the treatment from CK1 or CF2. The biggest increment was likewise come from the treatment by Sty-MM.
The results of the studies at the effects of the water-solubility composite on crop emergence and seedling growth showed that the four new composites would not inhibit the seed germination of wheat. In different concentrations, the seed germination rate was over 99 percents, which was similar with clean water. The results proved that CF2,N-PS,N-BX,Sty-MM was safe for seed germination of wheat.
The results of the studies at the effects of organic mixture slow-released fertilizer on crop emergence and seedling growth showed that the seed germination rates of wheat which received different treatments were all over 95 percents, which was similar with wheat fertilized by fertilizer contain equitable NPK, and with wheat never fertilized. The investigation before the winter showed that the weight of the wheat fields top, the leaf area, and the chlorophyll content increased compared with wheat fertilized by fertilizer contain equitable NPK and with wheat never fertilized. There were no bad influences on crop emergence and seedling growth from the coated slow-released fertilizer made from the four new composites.
The results of the studies at the effects of organic mixture slow-released fertilizer on the nitrate content in the soil profile showed that the coated slow-released fertilizer could decrease the risk of the nitrate loss to the groundwater. And the nitrate content accorded the groundwater nitrate content standard. When the nitrate cumulation in the soil by the coated slow-released fertilizer was between CK1 and CK2, the loss of the nitrate would be effectively reduced. The coated slow-released fertilizer could obviously reduce the loss of the nitrate compared with the NPK compound fertilizer.
引文
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