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“另类知青文学”论
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摘要
“知青文学”作为“文革”这一特殊时代的产物,经由了80年代集团性生产的兴盛和辉煌,在90年代末渐趋式微,然而由于知青题材本身所涵括的历史深度和社会意义,使其永远处于被不断“重写”的过程,在90年代这样一个无主潮、无定向、无共名文化状态的时代,“另类知青文学”在某种意义上是对传统知青文学的颠覆和反叛。它们或在形式上标新立异,或在内容上巧取一隅,或在思想上特立独行,或以最本真的面目出现,这类知青作品反而于虚构的文本世界中独放异彩。本文拟从以下三个方面进行阐释与论述:
     第一部分:“另类知青文学”出现的时代背景。
     90年代,由于知识分子地位的边缘化,人们价值观念的多元化,这时“另类知青文学”悄然出现。其出现的时代背景是:“无名”文化状态的形成,“知青文学话语权”之争,后知青文学的深化发展。
     第二部分:“另类知青文学”的代表作家作品解读。
     这部分主要是对三部另类知青文本进行分析与解读:王小波的《黄金时代》张扬着自由主义的声音;池莉《怀念声名狼藉的日子》讲述了一个女性知青的个体成长故事;刘醒龙《大树还小》昭示着晚生代对知青文学的反叛。通过对这三位作家知青作品的解读分析,我期望能透视“另类知青文学”的主要特征。
     第三部分:“另类知青文学”的特征。
     “另类知青文学”作品主要有三大特征:个性化的“私人叙事”;截然不同的“另类”知青形象;多元化、泛题材化。这三大特征明显表明“另类知青文学”区别于传统知青文学的宏大叙事和“复制”现象。
As a result of the special age "the Great Cultural Revolution", "Intellectual youth of literature" has become weak in 1990's after organized production in 1980's.Intellectual youth of literature always has been "rewritten" because of its far-reaching historical and social significance. The works of Alternative intellectual youth of literature ,which in some meaning is overturning and reaction to traditional Intellectual youth of literature occurred in 1990's,such era as cultural condition of no main trend, no direction and no identical name .They are unconventional in form, or unorthodox in content ,or new and original in thought, or occurred as the true qualities and looked particular in factional works. This thesis will expoud from three part.
    The first section: the age's backdrop of "Alternative intellectual youth of literature".
    In the 1990's,the intelligentsia fringed, sense of value varied. " Alternative intellectual youth of literature" turned up because of giant changes of social and era's literary and cultural environment: the cultural environment of "no identical name", the debate of intellectual youth of literature 's talking right, posted intellectual youth of literature 's further development.
    The second section: The representative authors and works of "Alternative intellectual youth of literature".
    We will analyses some texts in this section. Wang Xiaobo's publicizes the sound of liberalism. Chi Li's tells a growing story of a special girl. Liu Xinglong's make clear the young generation's revoltion to the traditional Intellectual youth of literature. These thesis try to make clear of the features of "Alternative intellectual youth of literature" by reading and analysis of these three works.
    The third section: Features of "Alternative intellectual youth of literature".
    The works of "Alternative intellectual youth of literature" always have three feature: individual "personal narration", completely different "alterative" figures of intellectual youth, variety and general theme. These traits are entirely different from grand narration and "copy" phenomenon of traditional Intellectual youth of literature.
引文
刘小萌:《中国知青史》,中国社会科学出版社,1998年版。
    杨健:《中国知青文学史》,中国工人出版社,2002年版。
    岳建一主编:《中国知青民间备忘文本》系列,中国工人出版社,2001版。
    许子东:《为了忘却的集体记忆——解读50篇文革小说》,三联书店,2000年版。
    王小波:《黄金时代》,花城出版社,1997年版。
    池莉:《怀念声名狼藉的日子》,《收获》2001年1月。
    刘醒龙:《大树还小》,《作品争鸣》,1998年6月。
    郭小东:《中国当代知青文学》,广东高等教育出版社,1988年版。
    贺绍俊、杨瑞平主编:《知青小说选》,四川文艺出版社,1986年3月第1版。
    何锐主编:《前沿学人:批评的趋势》,北京图书馆出版社,2001年4月第1版。
    H.G.伽达默尔:《真理与方法》,辽宁人民出版社,1987年版。
    (法国)丹纳:《艺术哲学》,北京:人民文学出版社,1963年版。

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