自起动永磁同步电机退磁机理及抑制退磁方法研究
|
摘要
在自起动永磁同步电机研制过程中,如何建立计及多种非线性及复杂结构影响的退磁磁场计算模型从而揭示退磁机理,探求不同因素与退磁磁场之间的关系并提出抗退磁措施,是现阶段需要解决的关键难题。本文利用理论分析、数值计算以及实验研究,对自起动永磁同步电机的退磁机理及抗退磁措施进行了系统研究,主要工作如下：
1.建立了能够综合及分别考虑永磁体作用、鼠笼异步电机效应及变频永磁发电机效应磁场的退磁磁场计算模型,系统研究了起动条件对起动过程中退磁磁场的影响,揭示了不同负载条件下起动过程出现最强退磁磁场的转速与负载大小之间的关系：重载起动在接近同步速时出现最强退磁磁场,而轻载起动过程中的最强退磁磁场可能出现在转速低于1/2同步速时刻。
2.通过对永磁体内部各个局部区域不可逆退磁磁场的时步有限元分析,得到永磁电机断相、失步、重合闸以及短路等非正常运行工况对永磁体退磁的影响,揭示了电动机机械负荷及定子电流大小、重合闸时刻等运行控制参数与永磁体退磁程度之间的关系。
3.针对磁路法计算最大去磁工作点不能计及局部退磁的问题,建立了求解最大去磁工作点的准稳态有限元计算模型,通过实例计算,获得了最严重去磁情况下永磁体内最低磁密所在位置,进而进行退磁风险校核。
4.提出了一种有利于提高自起动永磁同步电机抗退磁能力的复合材料转子鼠笼新结构,并利用正交试验、遗传算法等优化算法对复合材料导条结构尺寸和材料特性进行优化,显著提高了自起动永磁同步电机的抗退磁能力。同时,分析了转子端环阻抗、永磁体参数以及环境温度对电机抗退磁能力的影响。
5.提出了永磁电机静态退磁磁场和动态退磁磁场的实验测量方法,研制了相关测试系统,设计了用于试验研究的特殊结构永磁电动机,进行了大量的实验研究。永磁体表面磁场的静态测量及起动过程动态测量结果与有限元-时步有限元计算结果相符,验证了计算模型的准确性及抗退磁措施的有效性。
In the development of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSM), the key problems need to be solved at the present stage are to study the demagnetization mechanism by establishing a demagnetization field calculation model with a variety of nonlinear factors and complex structures being considered, and then to proposed anti-demagnetization measures by studying the relationship between different factors and the demagnetization field. In this paper, the demagnetization mechanism and the anti-demagnetization measures of a line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor are systematically studied by a combined method of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and experimental study. The main works are in the following.
1. The demagnetization field calculation models which took account of the permanent magnet field, the squirrel-cage asynchronous motor effect and the variable-frequency permanent magnet generator effect comprehensively and separately are proposed, and the influences of the starting conditions on the demagnetization field are systematically studied. The relationships between the load and the rotor speed when the largest demagnetization during the start process appeares are revealed. It is found that the largest demagnetization field during the start with heavy load appears when the speed is close to the synchronous speed. When the LSPMSM starts with light load, the larger demagnetization field appears only once near the half of the synchronous speed.
2. Through the time-stepping finite element analysis of the irreversible demagnetization effect of each permanent magnet element, the effects of the abnormal operation conditions, such as the open phase fault, the out of step, the reclosing and short circuit faults, on the permanent magnet demagnetization are obtained. The relationships between the control parameters and the demagnetization extent of permanent magnets are revealed, and the control parameters include the load, the stator current amplitude, and the reclosing time.
3. In view of the problem that the local demagnetization cannot be considered in the calculation of the maximum demagnetization working point by the magnetic circuit method, a quasi-steady state model is proposed. By an example calculation based on the proposed model, the local position of the minimum working point in permanent magnet under the most serious demagnetization condition is confirmed, and it can be used for demagnetization risk checking.
4. A new squirrel-cage rotor design using composite material for line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors is proposed, and the optimization algorithms, such as the orthogonal test method and the genetic algorithm, are adapted to optimize the size of the bar structure and the material characteristics. The anti-demagnetization ability of the motor is significantly improved by the optimization on the structure. At the same time, the impacts of the rotor end-ring impedance, the permanent magnet parameters and the ambient temperature on the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor are analyzed.
5. The experimental measurement methods on the static demagnetization field and the dynamic demagnetization field of the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor are proposed, and the test systems are designed. A special structure of permanent magnet motor is designed for the experimental study, and a lot of experiments are conducted. The Results of the static measurement and dynamic measurement on the surface magnetic field of the permanent magnet agree with the calculation results based on finite element and time-stepping finite element method, which verify the accuracy of the calculation model and the effectiveness of anti-demagnetization measures.
1.建立了能够综合及分别考虑永磁体作用、鼠笼异步电机效应及变频永磁发电机效应磁场的退磁磁场计算模型,系统研究了起动条件对起动过程中退磁磁场的影响,揭示了不同负载条件下起动过程出现最强退磁磁场的转速与负载大小之间的关系：重载起动在接近同步速时出现最强退磁磁场,而轻载起动过程中的最强退磁磁场可能出现在转速低于1/2同步速时刻。
2.通过对永磁体内部各个局部区域不可逆退磁磁场的时步有限元分析,得到永磁电机断相、失步、重合闸以及短路等非正常运行工况对永磁体退磁的影响,揭示了电动机机械负荷及定子电流大小、重合闸时刻等运行控制参数与永磁体退磁程度之间的关系。
3.针对磁路法计算最大去磁工作点不能计及局部退磁的问题,建立了求解最大去磁工作点的准稳态有限元计算模型,通过实例计算,获得了最严重去磁情况下永磁体内最低磁密所在位置,进而进行退磁风险校核。
4.提出了一种有利于提高自起动永磁同步电机抗退磁能力的复合材料转子鼠笼新结构,并利用正交试验、遗传算法等优化算法对复合材料导条结构尺寸和材料特性进行优化,显著提高了自起动永磁同步电机的抗退磁能力。同时,分析了转子端环阻抗、永磁体参数以及环境温度对电机抗退磁能力的影响。
5.提出了永磁电机静态退磁磁场和动态退磁磁场的实验测量方法,研制了相关测试系统,设计了用于试验研究的特殊结构永磁电动机,进行了大量的实验研究。永磁体表面磁场的静态测量及起动过程动态测量结果与有限元-时步有限元计算结果相符,验证了计算模型的准确性及抗退磁措施的有效性。
In the development of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSM), the key problems need to be solved at the present stage are to study the demagnetization mechanism by establishing a demagnetization field calculation model with a variety of nonlinear factors and complex structures being considered, and then to proposed anti-demagnetization measures by studying the relationship between different factors and the demagnetization field. In this paper, the demagnetization mechanism and the anti-demagnetization measures of a line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor are systematically studied by a combined method of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and experimental study. The main works are in the following.
1. The demagnetization field calculation models which took account of the permanent magnet field, the squirrel-cage asynchronous motor effect and the variable-frequency permanent magnet generator effect comprehensively and separately are proposed, and the influences of the starting conditions on the demagnetization field are systematically studied. The relationships between the load and the rotor speed when the largest demagnetization during the start process appeares are revealed. It is found that the largest demagnetization field during the start with heavy load appears when the speed is close to the synchronous speed. When the LSPMSM starts with light load, the larger demagnetization field appears only once near the half of the synchronous speed.
2. Through the time-stepping finite element analysis of the irreversible demagnetization effect of each permanent magnet element, the effects of the abnormal operation conditions, such as the open phase fault, the out of step, the reclosing and short circuit faults, on the permanent magnet demagnetization are obtained. The relationships between the control parameters and the demagnetization extent of permanent magnets are revealed, and the control parameters include the load, the stator current amplitude, and the reclosing time.
3. In view of the problem that the local demagnetization cannot be considered in the calculation of the maximum demagnetization working point by the magnetic circuit method, a quasi-steady state model is proposed. By an example calculation based on the proposed model, the local position of the minimum working point in permanent magnet under the most serious demagnetization condition is confirmed, and it can be used for demagnetization risk checking.
4. A new squirrel-cage rotor design using composite material for line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors is proposed, and the optimization algorithms, such as the orthogonal test method and the genetic algorithm, are adapted to optimize the size of the bar structure and the material characteristics. The anti-demagnetization ability of the motor is significantly improved by the optimization on the structure. At the same time, the impacts of the rotor end-ring impedance, the permanent magnet parameters and the ambient temperature on the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor are analyzed.
5. The experimental measurement methods on the static demagnetization field and the dynamic demagnetization field of the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor are proposed, and the test systems are designed. A special structure of permanent magnet motor is designed for the experimental study, and a lot of experiments are conducted. The Results of the static measurement and dynamic measurement on the surface magnetic field of the permanent magnet agree with the calculation results based on finite element and time-stepping finite element method, which verify the accuracy of the calculation model and the effectiveness of anti-demagnetization measures.
引文
[1]傅丰礼.高效异步电动机国内外发展概况[J].大众用电,2006,22(4)：19-21
[2]G Karady, K Holbert. Electrical energy conversion and transport:an interactive computer-based approach [M]. Wiley-IEEE Press,2005(1):418-482
[3]陈世坤.电机设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000：225-280
[4]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1997：161-215
[5]史朝晖,胡会国,刘玉庆.永磁同步电动机在油田抽油机中的应用与节能分析[J].节能,2004,(2)：22-24
[6]唐任远.稀土永磁电机的关键技术与高性能电机开发[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(2)：162-170
[7]Jingde Gao, Linzheng Zhang, Xiangheng Wang. AC machine systems: mathematical model and parameters, analysis, and system performance [M]. Tsinghua University Press,2009(1):58-266
[8]高景德,王祥珩,李发海,等.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005(2)：48-213
[9]王秀和.永磁电机[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007：5-8,207-210
[10]刘瑞芳.基于电磁场数值计算的永磁电机性能分析方法研究[D].南京：东南大学,2002
[11]赵清.中型高效永磁同步电动机设计关键技术研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2006
[12]Matsuura Y. Recent development of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets and their applications [J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,303(2): 344-347
[13]林岩.钕铁硼永磁电机防高温失磁技术的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2006
[14]罗阳.全球NdFeB磁体产业变化与发展的25年[J].磁性材料及器件,2008,39(6)：9-18,39
[15]甄良,易忠,杨丽,等.不同尺寸的NdFeB稀土永磁体热退磁行为研究[J].中国稀土学报,2013,31(1)：26-30
[16]鲁富强,刘国征,赵明静,等.NdFeB永磁材料耐热性的测试及分析[J].金属功能材料,2013,20(1)：1-3
[17]宋振纶.NdFeB永磁材料腐蚀与防护研究进展[J].磁性材料及器件,2012,31(1)：26-30
[18]M A Rahman, A M Osheiba. Performance of large line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1900,5(1): 211-217
[19]吴数.高效稀土永磁电机的开发与应用[J].节能与环保,2002,(11)：36-38
[20]Katter M, Zapf L, Blank R, et al. Corrosion mechanism of RE-Fe-Co-Cu-Ga-Al-B magnets [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2001, 37(4):2474-2476
[21]陈致初,符敏利,彭俊.永磁牵引电动机的失磁故障分析及预防措施[J].大功率变流技术,2010,1(3)：42-45
[22]Torre E D, Bennett L H. A Preisach model for aftereffect [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(4):1276-1278
[23]王秀和,杨玉波,朱常青.异步起动永磁同步电动机[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：142-161
[24]Richter E, Neumann T. Line start permanent magnet motors with different materials [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1984,20(5):1762-1764
[25]Sebastian T, Slemon G. Transient torque and short circuit capabilities of variable speed permanent magnet motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1987, 23(5):3619-3621
[26]Bianchi N, Bolognani S, Frare P. Design criteria for high-efficiency SPM synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion,2006,21(2): 396-404
[27]曹永娟.高性能永磁同步电机性能分析与设计[D],南京：东南大学,2005
[28]周洁,谢卫,汪国梁.用等效磁网络法与有限元法计算永磁电机参数的比较[J].西安交通大学学报,1998,33(4)：23-26
[29]张伟雄,郑蝉君,张敬华.基于磁网络模型范本永磁电机气隙磁场的研究[C].第四界中国小电机技术研讨会,上海,1999：71-75
[30]Nakamura K, Saito K, Ichinokura O. Dynamic analysis of interior permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic circuit model [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3250-3252
[31]郑文鹏,江建中,李永斌,等.基于三维磁网络法E型铁心横向磁场电机的设计与研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8)：138-141
[32]王群京,倪有源,张学,等.基于三维等效磁网络法计算混合励磁爪极发电机负载特性[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(6)：96-100
[33]王群京,倪有源,李国丽.爪极电机的结构、理论及应用[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2006：78-82
[34]P Zhou, M A Rahman, M A Jabbar. Field circuit analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30(4): 1350-1359
[35]M A Rahman, P Zhou. Field-based analysis for permanent magnet motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30(5):3664-3667
[36]郭亮.新型同步电机的分析与优化研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[37]王秉中.计算电磁学[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：4-14
[38]Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Air gap field for PM electric machines [J]. Electric Machines and Power Systems,1985(10):459-470
[39]Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. The fringing effect in PM electric machines [J]. Electric Machines and Power Systems,1986(11):159-169
[40]Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Effect of slotting in PM electric machines [J]. Electric Machines and Power Systems,1985(10):273-284
[41]Z Q Zhu, D Howe. Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. Ⅰ. open-circuit field [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(1):124-135
[42]Z Q Zhu, D Howe. Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. Ⅱ. armature-reaction field [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(1):136-142
[43]Z Q Zhu, D Howe. Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. Ⅲ. effect of stator slotting[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(1):143-151
[44]Hor P J, Zhu Z Q, Howe D, et al. Minimization of cogging force in a linear permanent magnet motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(5): 3544-3547
[45]Kim U, Lieu D K. Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet motors with rotor eccentricity:without slotting effect [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998,34(4):2243-2252
[46]Kim U, Lieu D K. Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet motors with rotor eccentricity:with slotting effect considered [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(4):2253-2266
[47]盛剑霓.工程电磁场数值分析[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1991
[48]A Demenko. Movement simulation in finite element analysis of electric machine dynamics [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1996,32(3):1553-1556
[49]张榴晨,徐松.有限元法在电磁计算中的应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1996
[50]M A Alhamadi, N A O Demerdash. Optimization of the skew angle of rotor poles in permanent magnet machines based on the inverse problem method [J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversio,1999,14(4):1496-1501
[51]L Dosiek, P Pillay. Cogging torque reduction in permanent magnet machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(6):1565-1571
[52]赵博,张洪亮.Ansoft 12在工程电磁场中的应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2010：47-67
[53]Yang Yubo, Wang Xiuhe, Song Wei, et al. Study on the performance sensitivity to ambient temperature for permanent magnet synchronous motor used in pump jack[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2003,1:116-119
[54]T Sebastian. Temperature effects on torque production and efficiency of PM motors using NdFeB magnets [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1995,31(2):353-357
[55]Xing Junqiang, Wang Fengxiang, Wang Tianyu, et al. Study on anti-demagnetization of magnet for high speed permanent magnet machine [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2010,20(3):856-860
[56]Zhou P, Lin D, Xiao Y, et al. Temperature-dependent demagnetization model of permanent magnets for finite element analysis [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012,48(2):1031-1034
[57]Ki-Chan Kim, Seung-Bin Lim, Dae-Hyun Koo, et al. The shape design of permanent magnet for permanent magnet synchronous motor considering partial demagnetization [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2006,42(10):3485-3487
[58]Hyung-Kyu Kim, Jin Hur, Byeong-Woo Kim, et al. Characteristic analysis of IPM type BLDC motor considering the demagnetization of PM by stator turn fault [C].2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE),2010: 3063-3070
[59]K W Klontz, T J E Miller, M I McGilp, et al. Short-circuit analysis of permanent-magnet generators [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2011,47(4):1670-1680
[60]M Rosu, J Saitz, and A Arkkio. Hysteresis model for finite-element analysis of permanent-magnet demagnetization in a large synchronous motor under a fault condition [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(6):2118-2123
[61]B-K Lee, G-H Kang, J Hur, et al. Design of spoke type BLDC motors with high power density for traction applications [C]. Conf. Rec.2004 IEEE Ind. Applicat. Conf.39th IAS Annu,2004(2):1068-1074
[62]S Ruoho, E Dlala and A Arkkio. Comparison of demagnetization models for finite-element analysis of permanent-magnet synchronous machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(11):3964-396
[63]Isfahani A H, Vaez-Zadeh S. Effects of magnetizing inductance on start-up and synchronization of line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(4):823-829
[64]Luo Yingli, Li Zhiqiang, Liu Mingji, et al. Analysis on fast reclosing of line start permanent magnet motor with time-stepping finite element method [C]. Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2008:3257-3261
[65]赵国新.变频电源供电永磁同步电动机几个关键技术研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2011
[66]Kim K C, Kim K, Kim H J, et al. Demagnetization analysis of permanent magnets according to rotor types of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(6):2799-2802
[67]Kang G H, Hur J, Nam H, et al. Analysis of irreversible magnet demagnetization in line-start motors based on the finite-element method [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(3):1488-1491
[68]刘新华,安忠良,陈丽香,等.化纤用两极稀土永磁同步电动机的启动性能研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2004,26(6)：641-643
[69]刘新华,韩雪岩,唐任远,等.永磁同步电动机新型转子槽形设计[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(3)：274-276
[70]戴锦春,吴功平,薛晓贞,等.一种高压输电导线周围电磁场测量装置[P].中国专利：CN101051063A,2007-10-10
[71]王淑娟,杨文英,徐乐,等.小型永磁体空间磁场的三维测量装置及其测量方法[P].中国专利：CN1963555A,2007-05-16
[72]李海江.磁场测量装置[P].中国专利：CN102135604A,2011-07-27
[73]Jing Lian, Yafu Zhou, Teng Ma, et al. Design of doubly salient permanent magnet motor for small displacement ISG mild hybrid [C]. International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation,2009:4698-4703
[74]安忠良.超高效永磁同步电动机研究开发[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2006
[75]Hwang K Y, Rhee S B, Lee J S, et al. Shape optimization of rotor pole in spoke type permanent magnet motor for reducing partial demagnetization effect and cogging torque [C]. Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2007:955-960
[76]张敏.稀土永磁同步电动机CAD系统[D].西安：西北工业大学,2006
[77]Rosu M, Arkkio A, Jokinen T, et al. Demagnetization state of permanent magnets in large output power permanent mmagnet synchronous motor [C]. International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives,1999:776-778
[78]Zhang Bingyi, Zhang Wei, Zhuang Fuyu, et al. Design and start process analysis of multipolar line-start PMSM [C]. Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2007:1629-1634
[79]胡敏强,黄学良,等.电机运行性能数值计算方法及其应用[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2003：170-177
[80]李志强.自起动永磁电机动态过程的有限元分析与实验研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2009
[81]汤蕴璆.电机内的电磁场[M].北京：科学出版社,1998：203-206
[82]卢伟甫,罗应立,赵海森.自起动永磁同步电机起动过程电枢反应退磁分析[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(7)：29-33
[83]Sebastian T, Slemon G R. Transient modeling and performance of variable-speed permanent-magnet motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1989, 25(1):101-106
[84]杜江,刘子胥,李晓霞.三相感应电动机断相运行分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2003,32(2)：36-39
[85]黄开胜,湛智华,李红.三相异步电动机断相运行分析[J].中小型电机,1998,25(1)：47-50
[86]Badr M A, Hamouda R M, Alolah A I. Synchronisation problem of high performance reluctance motors [J]. IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, 1997,144(6):456-460
[87]李宁.同步电动机的失步仿真及其微机继电保护[D].天津：天津大学,2004
[88]Chinniah B, Rajanathan, Zhan W Shi, et al. Electromechanical transients in a three-phase induction motor during phase failure and plugging [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1997,33(2):1219-1222
[89]罗应立,李志强,赵海森,等.自起动稀土永磁电机断相运行时步有限元分析[J].电机与控制学报,2009,13(3)：384-388
[90]Antero Arkkio. Analysis of induction motors based on the numerical solution of the magnetic field and circuit equations:[dissertation]. Finland:Helsinki university of Technology laboratory of Electromechanics,1987
[91]杨玉波,王秀和,丁婷婷,等.极弧系数组合优化的永磁电机齿槽转矩削弱方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(6)：7-11
[92]杨玉波,王秀和,丁婷婷.一种削弱永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩的方法[J].电机与控制学报,2008,12(5)：520-523
[93]Faiz J, Ghaneei M Keyhani A. Performance analysis of fast reclosing transients in induction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(1):101-107
[94]Reynaud J, Pillay P. Reclosing transients in induction machines including the effects of saturation of the magnetizing branch and a practical case study [J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1994,9(2):383-389
[95]高永俊.永磁同步无齿轮曳引式抽油机的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2007
[96]赵海森,李志强,张健.自起动永磁电机初始状态对起动冲击电流和冲击转矩的影响[J].电机与控制应用,2010,37(08)：10-13
[97]卢伟甫,刘明基,罗应立,等.自起动永磁同步电机起动过程退磁磁场的计算与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,3 1(15)：53-60
[98]Zuorong Zhang, Dawson G E, Eastham T R. Evaluation of dynamic parameters and performance of deep-bar induction machines [C]. Proceeding of IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,1994:62-66
[99]S I Nabeta, I E Chabu, J R Cardoso, et al. Double-cage induction motor modeling using finite elements [C]. IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record,1997:WA2/5.1-WA2/5.3
[100]Pedra J, Corcoles F. Estimation of induction motor double-cage model parameters from manufacturer data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2004,19(2):310-317
[101]Khan M R, Husain I, Momen M F. Lightly ferromagnetic rotor bars for three-phase squirrel-cage induction machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry applications,2004,40(6):1536-1540
[102]Li Weili, Cao Junci, Zhang Xiaochen. Electrothermal analysis of induction motor with compound cage rotor used for PHEV[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(2):660-668
[103]曹君慈,李伟力,齐歌,等.复合笼条转子感应电动机不同转子材料特性对起动性能的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14)：103-108
[104]李伟力,曹君慈,丁树业.复合笼型转子感应电动机起动性能的数值计算[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(7)：26-31
[105]薛志勇,刘明基,罗应立.一种用于新型节能电机的铜铁合金材料及其制备 方法[P].中国专利：CN102134678A,2011-07-27
[106]高景德.交流电机过渡历程及运行方式的分析[M].北京：科学出版社,1963：487-502
[107]Leung Yiuwing, Wang Yuping. An orthogonal genetic algorithm with quantization for global numerical optimization [J]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2001,5(1):41-53
[108]蔡自兴,江中央,王勇,等.一种新的基于正交试验设计的约束优化进化算法[J].计算机学报,2010,33(5)：855-864
[109]Wang Wei, Wang Qingnian, Zeng Xiaohua, et al. Parameter matching of induction motor for electric vehicle based on orthogonal design [C]. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, 2009:1455-1459
[110]Choi Jaehak, Kim Taeheoung, Jang Kibong, et al. Geometric and electrical optimization design of SR motor based on progressive quadratic response surface method [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3241-3243
[111]仇丽霞,刘桂芬,何大卫,等.二次响应面回归模型用遗传算法探索最优试验条件[J].中国卫生统计,2004,21(4)：194-197
[112]张丕德,郜艳辉,李丽霞,等.对数优势二次响应面回归及其应用[J].数理医药学杂志,2006,19(3)：313-314
[113]李辉,许艮,杨超,等.汽车天窗电机设计参数对齿槽转矩影响及优化[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(1)：18-22,30
[114]Uier G F, Mohhed O A, Koh C S. Utilizing genetic algorithms for the optimization design of electromagnetic devices [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30 (6):4296-4298
[115]吕德刚.改进自适应遗传算法在防爆高能电机优化设计中的应用[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2007
[116]Cho Donghyeok, Jung Hyunkyo, Chung Taekyung, et al. Design of a short-time rating interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using a niching genetic algorithm [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2000,36(4):1936-1940
[117]张健.永磁电机性能及参数数值计算与实验研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2012
[118]张健,罗应立,陈伟华,等.自起动永磁电机最小转矩的时步有限元计算[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(03)：80-85
[119]张飞,唐任远,陈丽香,等.永磁同步电动机电抗参数研究[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(11)：7-10
[120]李延升,窦满峰,赵冬冬.磁钢充磁方式对表贴式永磁电机磁场影响分析[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(12)：26-31
[121]师蔚,贡俊,黄苏融.永磁电动机永磁体防退磁技术研究综述[J].微特电机,2012,40(04)：71-74,76
[122]S Ruoho, J Kolehmainen, J Ikaheimo and A Arkkio. Interdependence of demagnetization, loading, and temperature rise in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2010,46(3):949-953
[123]张慧玲,张天星.自制“高斯计”作电动车检修工具[N].电子报,2008-04-06(018)
[2]G Karady, K Holbert. Electrical energy conversion and transport:an interactive computer-based approach [M]. Wiley-IEEE Press,2005(1):418-482
[3]陈世坤.电机设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000：225-280
[4]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1997：161-215
[5]史朝晖,胡会国,刘玉庆.永磁同步电动机在油田抽油机中的应用与节能分析[J].节能,2004,(2)：22-24
[6]唐任远.稀土永磁电机的关键技术与高性能电机开发[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(2)：162-170
[7]Jingde Gao, Linzheng Zhang, Xiangheng Wang. AC machine systems: mathematical model and parameters, analysis, and system performance [M]. Tsinghua University Press,2009(1):58-266
[8]高景德,王祥珩,李发海,等.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005(2)：48-213
[9]王秀和.永磁电机[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007：5-8,207-210
[10]刘瑞芳.基于电磁场数值计算的永磁电机性能分析方法研究[D].南京：东南大学,2002
[11]赵清.中型高效永磁同步电动机设计关键技术研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2006
[12]Matsuura Y. Recent development of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets and their applications [J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,303(2): 344-347
[13]林岩.钕铁硼永磁电机防高温失磁技术的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2006
[14]罗阳.全球NdFeB磁体产业变化与发展的25年[J].磁性材料及器件,2008,39(6)：9-18,39
[15]甄良,易忠,杨丽,等.不同尺寸的NdFeB稀土永磁体热退磁行为研究[J].中国稀土学报,2013,31(1)：26-30
[16]鲁富强,刘国征,赵明静,等.NdFeB永磁材料耐热性的测试及分析[J].金属功能材料,2013,20(1)：1-3
[17]宋振纶.NdFeB永磁材料腐蚀与防护研究进展[J].磁性材料及器件,2012,31(1)：26-30
[18]M A Rahman, A M Osheiba. Performance of large line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1900,5(1): 211-217
[19]吴数.高效稀土永磁电机的开发与应用[J].节能与环保,2002,(11)：36-38
[20]Katter M, Zapf L, Blank R, et al. Corrosion mechanism of RE-Fe-Co-Cu-Ga-Al-B magnets [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2001, 37(4):2474-2476
[21]陈致初,符敏利,彭俊.永磁牵引电动机的失磁故障分析及预防措施[J].大功率变流技术,2010,1(3)：42-45
[22]Torre E D, Bennett L H. A Preisach model for aftereffect [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(4):1276-1278
[23]王秀和,杨玉波,朱常青.异步起动永磁同步电动机[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：142-161
[24]Richter E, Neumann T. Line start permanent magnet motors with different materials [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1984,20(5):1762-1764
[25]Sebastian T, Slemon G. Transient torque and short circuit capabilities of variable speed permanent magnet motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1987, 23(5):3619-3621
[26]Bianchi N, Bolognani S, Frare P. Design criteria for high-efficiency SPM synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion,2006,21(2): 396-404
[27]曹永娟.高性能永磁同步电机性能分析与设计[D],南京：东南大学,2005
[28]周洁,谢卫,汪国梁.用等效磁网络法与有限元法计算永磁电机参数的比较[J].西安交通大学学报,1998,33(4)：23-26
[29]张伟雄,郑蝉君,张敬华.基于磁网络模型范本永磁电机气隙磁场的研究[C].第四界中国小电机技术研讨会,上海,1999：71-75
[30]Nakamura K, Saito K, Ichinokura O. Dynamic analysis of interior permanent magnet motor based on a magnetic circuit model [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3250-3252
[31]郑文鹏,江建中,李永斌,等.基于三维磁网络法E型铁心横向磁场电机的设计与研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8)：138-141
[32]王群京,倪有源,张学,等.基于三维等效磁网络法计算混合励磁爪极发电机负载特性[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(6)：96-100
[33]王群京,倪有源,李国丽.爪极电机的结构、理论及应用[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2006：78-82
[34]P Zhou, M A Rahman, M A Jabbar. Field circuit analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30(4): 1350-1359
[35]M A Rahman, P Zhou. Field-based analysis for permanent magnet motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30(5):3664-3667
[36]郭亮.新型同步电机的分析与优化研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[37]王秉中.计算电磁学[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：4-14
[38]Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Air gap field for PM electric machines [J]. Electric Machines and Power Systems,1985(10):459-470
[39]Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. The fringing effect in PM electric machines [J]. Electric Machines and Power Systems,1986(11):159-169
[40]Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Effect of slotting in PM electric machines [J]. Electric Machines and Power Systems,1985(10):273-284
[41]Z Q Zhu, D Howe. Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. Ⅰ. open-circuit field [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(1):124-135
[42]Z Q Zhu, D Howe. Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. Ⅱ. armature-reaction field [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(1):136-142
[43]Z Q Zhu, D Howe. Instantaneous magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet DC motors. Ⅲ. effect of stator slotting[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(1):143-151
[44]Hor P J, Zhu Z Q, Howe D, et al. Minimization of cogging force in a linear permanent magnet motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(5): 3544-3547
[45]Kim U, Lieu D K. Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet motors with rotor eccentricity:without slotting effect [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998,34(4):2243-2252
[46]Kim U, Lieu D K. Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet motors with rotor eccentricity:with slotting effect considered [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(4):2253-2266
[47]盛剑霓.工程电磁场数值分析[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1991
[48]A Demenko. Movement simulation in finite element analysis of electric machine dynamics [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1996,32(3):1553-1556
[49]张榴晨,徐松.有限元法在电磁计算中的应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1996
[50]M A Alhamadi, N A O Demerdash. Optimization of the skew angle of rotor poles in permanent magnet machines based on the inverse problem method [J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversio,1999,14(4):1496-1501
[51]L Dosiek, P Pillay. Cogging torque reduction in permanent magnet machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(6):1565-1571
[52]赵博,张洪亮.Ansoft 12在工程电磁场中的应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2010：47-67
[53]Yang Yubo, Wang Xiuhe, Song Wei, et al. Study on the performance sensitivity to ambient temperature for permanent magnet synchronous motor used in pump jack[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2003,1:116-119
[54]T Sebastian. Temperature effects on torque production and efficiency of PM motors using NdFeB magnets [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1995,31(2):353-357
[55]Xing Junqiang, Wang Fengxiang, Wang Tianyu, et al. Study on anti-demagnetization of magnet for high speed permanent magnet machine [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2010,20(3):856-860
[56]Zhou P, Lin D, Xiao Y, et al. Temperature-dependent demagnetization model of permanent magnets for finite element analysis [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012,48(2):1031-1034
[57]Ki-Chan Kim, Seung-Bin Lim, Dae-Hyun Koo, et al. The shape design of permanent magnet for permanent magnet synchronous motor considering partial demagnetization [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2006,42(10):3485-3487
[58]Hyung-Kyu Kim, Jin Hur, Byeong-Woo Kim, et al. Characteristic analysis of IPM type BLDC motor considering the demagnetization of PM by stator turn fault [C].2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE),2010: 3063-3070
[59]K W Klontz, T J E Miller, M I McGilp, et al. Short-circuit analysis of permanent-magnet generators [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2011,47(4):1670-1680
[60]M Rosu, J Saitz, and A Arkkio. Hysteresis model for finite-element analysis of permanent-magnet demagnetization in a large synchronous motor under a fault condition [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(6):2118-2123
[61]B-K Lee, G-H Kang, J Hur, et al. Design of spoke type BLDC motors with high power density for traction applications [C]. Conf. Rec.2004 IEEE Ind. Applicat. Conf.39th IAS Annu,2004(2):1068-1074
[62]S Ruoho, E Dlala and A Arkkio. Comparison of demagnetization models for finite-element analysis of permanent-magnet synchronous machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(11):3964-396
[63]Isfahani A H, Vaez-Zadeh S. Effects of magnetizing inductance on start-up and synchronization of line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(4):823-829
[64]Luo Yingli, Li Zhiqiang, Liu Mingji, et al. Analysis on fast reclosing of line start permanent magnet motor with time-stepping finite element method [C]. Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2008:3257-3261
[65]赵国新.变频电源供电永磁同步电动机几个关键技术研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2011
[66]Kim K C, Kim K, Kim H J, et al. Demagnetization analysis of permanent magnets according to rotor types of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(6):2799-2802
[67]Kang G H, Hur J, Nam H, et al. Analysis of irreversible magnet demagnetization in line-start motors based on the finite-element method [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(3):1488-1491
[68]刘新华,安忠良,陈丽香,等.化纤用两极稀土永磁同步电动机的启动性能研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2004,26(6)：641-643
[69]刘新华,韩雪岩,唐任远,等.永磁同步电动机新型转子槽形设计[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(3)：274-276
[70]戴锦春,吴功平,薛晓贞,等.一种高压输电导线周围电磁场测量装置[P].中国专利：CN101051063A,2007-10-10
[71]王淑娟,杨文英,徐乐,等.小型永磁体空间磁场的三维测量装置及其测量方法[P].中国专利：CN1963555A,2007-05-16
[72]李海江.磁场测量装置[P].中国专利：CN102135604A,2011-07-27
[73]Jing Lian, Yafu Zhou, Teng Ma, et al. Design of doubly salient permanent magnet motor for small displacement ISG mild hybrid [C]. International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation,2009:4698-4703
[74]安忠良.超高效永磁同步电动机研究开发[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2006
[75]Hwang K Y, Rhee S B, Lee J S, et al. Shape optimization of rotor pole in spoke type permanent magnet motor for reducing partial demagnetization effect and cogging torque [C]. Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2007:955-960
[76]张敏.稀土永磁同步电动机CAD系统[D].西安：西北工业大学,2006
[77]Rosu M, Arkkio A, Jokinen T, et al. Demagnetization state of permanent magnets in large output power permanent mmagnet synchronous motor [C]. International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives,1999:776-778
[78]Zhang Bingyi, Zhang Wei, Zhuang Fuyu, et al. Design and start process analysis of multipolar line-start PMSM [C]. Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2007:1629-1634
[79]胡敏强,黄学良,等.电机运行性能数值计算方法及其应用[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2003：170-177
[80]李志强.自起动永磁电机动态过程的有限元分析与实验研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2009
[81]汤蕴璆.电机内的电磁场[M].北京：科学出版社,1998：203-206
[82]卢伟甫,罗应立,赵海森.自起动永磁同步电机起动过程电枢反应退磁分析[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(7)：29-33
[83]Sebastian T, Slemon G R. Transient modeling and performance of variable-speed permanent-magnet motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1989, 25(1):101-106
[84]杜江,刘子胥,李晓霞.三相感应电动机断相运行分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2003,32(2)：36-39
[85]黄开胜,湛智华,李红.三相异步电动机断相运行分析[J].中小型电机,1998,25(1)：47-50
[86]Badr M A, Hamouda R M, Alolah A I. Synchronisation problem of high performance reluctance motors [J]. IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, 1997,144(6):456-460
[87]李宁.同步电动机的失步仿真及其微机继电保护[D].天津：天津大学,2004
[88]Chinniah B, Rajanathan, Zhan W Shi, et al. Electromechanical transients in a three-phase induction motor during phase failure and plugging [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1997,33(2):1219-1222
[89]罗应立,李志强,赵海森,等.自起动稀土永磁电机断相运行时步有限元分析[J].电机与控制学报,2009,13(3)：384-388
[90]Antero Arkkio. Analysis of induction motors based on the numerical solution of the magnetic field and circuit equations:[dissertation]. Finland:Helsinki university of Technology laboratory of Electromechanics,1987
[91]杨玉波,王秀和,丁婷婷,等.极弧系数组合优化的永磁电机齿槽转矩削弱方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(6)：7-11
[92]杨玉波,王秀和,丁婷婷.一种削弱永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩的方法[J].电机与控制学报,2008,12(5)：520-523
[93]Faiz J, Ghaneei M Keyhani A. Performance analysis of fast reclosing transients in induction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(1):101-107
[94]Reynaud J, Pillay P. Reclosing transients in induction machines including the effects of saturation of the magnetizing branch and a practical case study [J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1994,9(2):383-389
[95]高永俊.永磁同步无齿轮曳引式抽油机的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2007
[96]赵海森,李志强,张健.自起动永磁电机初始状态对起动冲击电流和冲击转矩的影响[J].电机与控制应用,2010,37(08)：10-13
[97]卢伟甫,刘明基,罗应立,等.自起动永磁同步电机起动过程退磁磁场的计算与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,3 1(15)：53-60
[98]Zuorong Zhang, Dawson G E, Eastham T R. Evaluation of dynamic parameters and performance of deep-bar induction machines [C]. Proceeding of IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,1994:62-66
[99]S I Nabeta, I E Chabu, J R Cardoso, et al. Double-cage induction motor modeling using finite elements [C]. IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record,1997:WA2/5.1-WA2/5.3
[100]Pedra J, Corcoles F. Estimation of induction motor double-cage model parameters from manufacturer data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2004,19(2):310-317
[101]Khan M R, Husain I, Momen M F. Lightly ferromagnetic rotor bars for three-phase squirrel-cage induction machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry applications,2004,40(6):1536-1540
[102]Li Weili, Cao Junci, Zhang Xiaochen. Electrothermal analysis of induction motor with compound cage rotor used for PHEV[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(2):660-668
[103]曹君慈,李伟力,齐歌,等.复合笼条转子感应电动机不同转子材料特性对起动性能的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14)：103-108
[104]李伟力,曹君慈,丁树业.复合笼型转子感应电动机起动性能的数值计算[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(7)：26-31
[105]薛志勇,刘明基,罗应立.一种用于新型节能电机的铜铁合金材料及其制备 方法[P].中国专利：CN102134678A,2011-07-27
[106]高景德.交流电机过渡历程及运行方式的分析[M].北京：科学出版社,1963：487-502
[107]Leung Yiuwing, Wang Yuping. An orthogonal genetic algorithm with quantization for global numerical optimization [J]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2001,5(1):41-53
[108]蔡自兴,江中央,王勇,等.一种新的基于正交试验设计的约束优化进化算法[J].计算机学报,2010,33(5)：855-864
[109]Wang Wei, Wang Qingnian, Zeng Xiaohua, et al. Parameter matching of induction motor for electric vehicle based on orthogonal design [C]. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, 2009:1455-1459
[110]Choi Jaehak, Kim Taeheoung, Jang Kibong, et al. Geometric and electrical optimization design of SR motor based on progressive quadratic response surface method [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3241-3243
[111]仇丽霞,刘桂芬,何大卫,等.二次响应面回归模型用遗传算法探索最优试验条件[J].中国卫生统计,2004,21(4)：194-197
[112]张丕德,郜艳辉,李丽霞,等.对数优势二次响应面回归及其应用[J].数理医药学杂志,2006,19(3)：313-314
[113]李辉,许艮,杨超,等.汽车天窗电机设计参数对齿槽转矩影响及优化[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(1)：18-22,30
[114]Uier G F, Mohhed O A, Koh C S. Utilizing genetic algorithms for the optimization design of electromagnetic devices [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30 (6):4296-4298
[115]吕德刚.改进自适应遗传算法在防爆高能电机优化设计中的应用[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2007
[116]Cho Donghyeok, Jung Hyunkyo, Chung Taekyung, et al. Design of a short-time rating interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using a niching genetic algorithm [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2000,36(4):1936-1940
[117]张健.永磁电机性能及参数数值计算与实验研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2012
[118]张健,罗应立,陈伟华,等.自起动永磁电机最小转矩的时步有限元计算[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(03)：80-85
[119]张飞,唐任远,陈丽香,等.永磁同步电动机电抗参数研究[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(11)：7-10
[120]李延升,窦满峰,赵冬冬.磁钢充磁方式对表贴式永磁电机磁场影响分析[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(12)：26-31
[121]师蔚,贡俊,黄苏融.永磁电动机永磁体防退磁技术研究综述[J].微特电机,2012,40(04)：71-74,76
[122]S Ruoho, J Kolehmainen, J Ikaheimo and A Arkkio. Interdependence of demagnetization, loading, and temperature rise in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2010,46(3):949-953
[123]张慧玲,张天星.自制“高斯计”作电动车检修工具[N].电子报,2008-04-06(018)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |