余姚市水资源优化调度关键技术研究
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摘要
我国东南沿海属于丰水地区,水资源总量相对丰富,但因经济发达、大口密度大,大均水资源占有量较低。另外,水环境污染问题较为突出,导致水质型缺水,目前长三角地区的16个城市都已经成为“水质型缺水城市”。本文分析了国内外关于水库群联合优化调度和平原河网水流水质计算的研究现状及发展趋势,针对存在的问题,以经济百强县—余姚市的水资源系统为背景,研究水库群优化调度模型探讨解决优质水短缺问题,通过河网水质模拟提出河网水质改善方案、计算水环境容量,以指导余姚市水资源优化配置。主要内容如下：
(1)在分析余姚市和本文研究区水资源基本状况的基础上,分析了研究区的供水现状和水资源系统存在的问题,指出了余姚市水资源优化调度的必要性；并根据余姚市的现状调查分析,指出了余姚市水资源优化调度的可行性。
(2)研究了两库联合优化调度技术方法。采用逐步优化算法和粒子群算法研究了“陆埠—梁辉”和“四明湖—牟山”两个水库群在现状工程能力约束和解除现状工程能力约束下的两库联合优化调度问题。优化调度过程中,采用多种技术方法的分步结合使用,先使用改进粒子群算法对系统进行初步优化,然后使用逐步优化算法进一步寻优。
(3)研究了水库群联合优化调度技术方法。首先,利用大系统分解—协调方法研究了姚西北、姚中、姚东水库群在现状工程能力约束和解除现状工程能力约束下的水库群联合优化调度问题；然后,根据各水库需水情况采用自优化模拟技术逆时序递推得到各水库的调度运行规则；最后,采用随机模拟技术生成长系列入库流量,来验证调度运行规则控制条件下系统的运行情况。
(4)研究了平原河网水质模型计算方法。首先,研究了用于河网宏观水环境管理的箱子模型和用于不同时间不同断面位置河网水环境管理的—维河网水流水质模型。然后,利用这两种模型对余姚平原河网的水环境改善方案进行分析计算,提出了河网水质改善的对策和措施；最后,利用两种模型分析计算余姚市各河网的水环境容量和剩余水环境容量。
(5)集成开发了水资源优化调度决策支持系统。把两库联合优化调度模型、大系统分解—协调模型、水库群联合调度运行规则、箱子模型和—维河网水流水质模型进行系统集成,开发实现了余姚市水资源优化调度决策支持系统。
最后对全文做了总结,并对有待于进—步研究的问题进行了展望。
Althouhg water resources are relatively rich in the southeastern costal area of China, the water resource quantity per capita is low due to high population density in the area. In addition, the water environment was polluted with the development of the local economy, resulting in pollution-induced water shortage in all of the16cities in Yangtze River Delta. The paper analysed the the research status and development trends in the area of reservoirs joint optimizing operation and water quality modeling for river networks. Taking Yuyao city—one of the Top100Counties in China, as the research background, the paper studied the reservoirs optimal operation model trying to solve the problem of high quality water shortage, proposed water quality improvement programmes for river networks, calculated the water environment capacity of the river networks in the research area through stuying and application of river flow and quality modeling, in order to conduct the optimal distribution of water resources in the city. The main research contents are as follows:
(1) On the basis of analysis to the basic condition of the water resource in Yuyao City, pointed out the main problems of the water resources system and the research necessity of water resources optimal operation in the research area, stuyed the feasibility to carry out the optimal operation programme in Yuyao City.
(2) Studied the methodologies of optimal operation for two-reservoir groups. Taking "Lubu-Lianghui" and "Siminghu-Moshan" reservoir groups as study cases, the author studed the optimal operation problems of the reservoir groups under the working conditions of current engineering capacity restraints and removing the current restraints with various optimization algorithms gradually. A new optimization algorithm, i. e. the improved particle swarm arithmetic combined with prograsive optimal algorithm, was proposed and proved to be practical and effective.
(3) Studied the methodologies of joint optimal operation for reservoir groups. Firstly, studied reservoirs joint optimizing operation problems of different areas in Yuyao City under the working conditions with and without current engineering restraints with the help of large scale system decomposition and coordination method. Secondly, researched and obtained the operation rules for each reservoir by using the inverse timing recursive of self-optimization simulation model according to the water demands of each reservoir. Finally, verified the operation condition under the proposed operation rules by using long series inflow data created by the stochastic simulation technique.
(4) Studied the water quality modolling methodologies for plain river networks. Firstly, the author studied the box model for marco-management of water environment of the river networks, and one-dimensional river flow and water quality coupling model for the specific management of water quality of the rivers. Secondly, proposed water quality improvement programmes and measures for the river networks by using the two modeling technologies. Finally, calculated and analyzed the water environment capacity and the remaining water environment capacity of each river networks of Yuyao City.
(5) Designed and developed the decision support system of water resources optimal operation for Yuyao City by integrating the reservoirs joint optimizing operation methodologies, reservoir optimizing operation rules and the water quality modeling techniques.
At last, the author summarized the full text, and prospected the problems for further research in the future.
(1)在分析余姚市和本文研究区水资源基本状况的基础上,分析了研究区的供水现状和水资源系统存在的问题,指出了余姚市水资源优化调度的必要性；并根据余姚市的现状调查分析,指出了余姚市水资源优化调度的可行性。
(2)研究了两库联合优化调度技术方法。采用逐步优化算法和粒子群算法研究了“陆埠—梁辉”和“四明湖—牟山”两个水库群在现状工程能力约束和解除现状工程能力约束下的两库联合优化调度问题。优化调度过程中,采用多种技术方法的分步结合使用,先使用改进粒子群算法对系统进行初步优化,然后使用逐步优化算法进一步寻优。
(3)研究了水库群联合优化调度技术方法。首先,利用大系统分解—协调方法研究了姚西北、姚中、姚东水库群在现状工程能力约束和解除现状工程能力约束下的水库群联合优化调度问题；然后,根据各水库需水情况采用自优化模拟技术逆时序递推得到各水库的调度运行规则；最后,采用随机模拟技术生成长系列入库流量,来验证调度运行规则控制条件下系统的运行情况。
(4)研究了平原河网水质模型计算方法。首先,研究了用于河网宏观水环境管理的箱子模型和用于不同时间不同断面位置河网水环境管理的—维河网水流水质模型。然后,利用这两种模型对余姚平原河网的水环境改善方案进行分析计算,提出了河网水质改善的对策和措施；最后,利用两种模型分析计算余姚市各河网的水环境容量和剩余水环境容量。
(5)集成开发了水资源优化调度决策支持系统。把两库联合优化调度模型、大系统分解—协调模型、水库群联合调度运行规则、箱子模型和—维河网水流水质模型进行系统集成,开发实现了余姚市水资源优化调度决策支持系统。
最后对全文做了总结,并对有待于进—步研究的问题进行了展望。
Althouhg water resources are relatively rich in the southeastern costal area of China, the water resource quantity per capita is low due to high population density in the area. In addition, the water environment was polluted with the development of the local economy, resulting in pollution-induced water shortage in all of the16cities in Yangtze River Delta. The paper analysed the the research status and development trends in the area of reservoirs joint optimizing operation and water quality modeling for river networks. Taking Yuyao city—one of the Top100Counties in China, as the research background, the paper studied the reservoirs optimal operation model trying to solve the problem of high quality water shortage, proposed water quality improvement programmes for river networks, calculated the water environment capacity of the river networks in the research area through stuying and application of river flow and quality modeling, in order to conduct the optimal distribution of water resources in the city. The main research contents are as follows:
(1) On the basis of analysis to the basic condition of the water resource in Yuyao City, pointed out the main problems of the water resources system and the research necessity of water resources optimal operation in the research area, stuyed the feasibility to carry out the optimal operation programme in Yuyao City.
(2) Studied the methodologies of optimal operation for two-reservoir groups. Taking "Lubu-Lianghui" and "Siminghu-Moshan" reservoir groups as study cases, the author studed the optimal operation problems of the reservoir groups under the working conditions of current engineering capacity restraints and removing the current restraints with various optimization algorithms gradually. A new optimization algorithm, i. e. the improved particle swarm arithmetic combined with prograsive optimal algorithm, was proposed and proved to be practical and effective.
(3) Studied the methodologies of joint optimal operation for reservoir groups. Firstly, studied reservoirs joint optimizing operation problems of different areas in Yuyao City under the working conditions with and without current engineering restraints with the help of large scale system decomposition and coordination method. Secondly, researched and obtained the operation rules for each reservoir by using the inverse timing recursive of self-optimization simulation model according to the water demands of each reservoir. Finally, verified the operation condition under the proposed operation rules by using long series inflow data created by the stochastic simulation technique.
(4) Studied the water quality modolling methodologies for plain river networks. Firstly, the author studied the box model for marco-management of water environment of the river networks, and one-dimensional river flow and water quality coupling model for the specific management of water quality of the rivers. Secondly, proposed water quality improvement programmes and measures for the river networks by using the two modeling technologies. Finally, calculated and analyzed the water environment capacity and the remaining water environment capacity of each river networks of Yuyao City.
(5) Designed and developed the decision support system of water resources optimal operation for Yuyao City by integrating the reservoirs joint optimizing operation methodologies, reservoir optimizing operation rules and the water quality modeling techniques.
At last, the author summarized the full text, and prospected the problems for further research in the future.
引文
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