凡口铅锌矿供水智能监控系统
|
摘要
随着人们生产生活水平的提高，对水质的要求也越来越高，因此，水厂水处理的问题渐渐凸现出来。如何提高水处理的自动化水平，使得水质的处理从过去的人工处理方式提升到自动控制的高度是一个急需解决的问题。
凡口矿供水系统的水源由任化县高坪水库供给，由于水源距离太远，供水用明渠输送，水质的好坏受自然环境的影响较大。正常时水库来水呈弱酸性，倘若下雨，会使得水库来水变得非常混浊，酸性变大，再加上外界环境各种因素的污染，水库供水水质较差，这就需要对水加入水处理药剂，进行沉淀、消毒、酸碱平衡等一系列水处理以保证供水水质符合国家标准。
凡口矿对来水的处理，过去一直采用人工方式：人工测量水浊度，通过加入碳酸铝使其中的杂质沉淀；人工测量PH值，通过加入碳酸钠调节酸碱平衡；通过加入ClO_2溶液进行消毒。国家对水处理剂的加入量有明确的规定：处理后的余氯(Cl~-、ClO_2~-)含量必须小于0.2ppm。余氯如果超标，不仅对人体健康产生影响，而且对供水管网会产生腐蚀。
模糊控制系统的特点在于：不需要明确的数学模型、对非线性、纯时延系统处理效果较好等。本文在详细分析了凡口铅锌矿水处理系统实际问题的基础上，包括水处理的工艺流程和组成部分，水质检测仪器仪表和控制装置以及系统的硬件结构，提出了水处理模糊控制系统的设计方案框架，然后根据这一方案设计了两个两输入一输出的模糊控制系统对浑浊度和余氯量两个水质指标进行控制，系统仿真输出的结果及与PID控制效果的比较表明模糊控制具有超调量很小、稳态误差小、调节时间短、鲁棒性好等优点，较PID控制而言，无论是系统的动态参数还是静态参数均得到了很大的提高。在这些研究的基础上，本文还详细描述了一个水处理计算机智能监控系统的软件设计与开发过程，分别介绍了软件的结构框架、功能设计、软件平台和所用到的关键编程技术。该软件系统的投入运行，解决了原来由人工投配药剂时计量精度差、工人劳动强度大、对环境污染大、损害人体健康等问题，实现了投配药过程的自动控制，提高了水处理的质量及效率，大大提高供水处理过程的自动化和信息化水平。
With the improvement of the people's living level, the requirement of the water quality becomes stricter. So the problem of the water process in the water factory appears. How to improve the automation of the water process is an urgent problem.
The water source of FanKou mine's water supply is provided by the GaoPing reservoir of the RenHua county. The water quality affected by entironment heavily because the distant of the water source is too far and the transportation aqueduct of the water is open channel. In the common situation, the water from the reservoir is weak acidic. But in the rain day, the water turbidity and the acidic will increase. In addition, the water in the reservoir will be worse because of the pollution of the outside environment. It needs add medicament to depositing, disinfecting and balancing the acidity and the alkali of the water so that it accord with the standard of the water quality in our country.
The water processing of FanKou mine was manual work in the past: detect the turbidity and make the impurity deposition; detect the PH value and add Na2CO3 to adjusting the acidity and the alkali; add ClO2 to disinfecting. In our country, the quantity of the water-processing medicament has clear prescript: the quantity of the remaining chlorine must less than 0.2ppm. If the remaining chlorine in the processed water exceeds the standard, it not only will affect the health of people but also will rot the channel.
Based on the above depiction, in this paper, we using the characters of the fuzzy control to design two 2-inputs and 1-output systems aim at the turbidity and the quantity of the remaining chlorine in the water. The characters of fuzzy control are: it needn't clear mathematics model; it can get better result for the nonlinear and pure time-delay system. In the end of the paper, we compare the fuzzy system and the PID system according to the simulation. It shows that the design of the fuzzy system is success. Both the dynamic performance and the static parameters are improved largely. Based on the research the paper also describes a monitoring and controlling computer system for water process. The key factors of the software development, including the framework, function design, platform selecting and some chief programming technologies, are introduced. The practical application of the system can prove its effectiveness by higher operation accuracy, less human labor and cleaner output water. The efficiency and quality of water process can be improved and the level of automation and information of water supply can be promoted.
凡口矿供水系统的水源由任化县高坪水库供给，由于水源距离太远，供水用明渠输送，水质的好坏受自然环境的影响较大。正常时水库来水呈弱酸性，倘若下雨，会使得水库来水变得非常混浊，酸性变大，再加上外界环境各种因素的污染，水库供水水质较差，这就需要对水加入水处理药剂，进行沉淀、消毒、酸碱平衡等一系列水处理以保证供水水质符合国家标准。
凡口矿对来水的处理，过去一直采用人工方式：人工测量水浊度，通过加入碳酸铝使其中的杂质沉淀；人工测量PH值，通过加入碳酸钠调节酸碱平衡；通过加入ClO_2溶液进行消毒。国家对水处理剂的加入量有明确的规定：处理后的余氯(Cl~-、ClO_2~-)含量必须小于0.2ppm。余氯如果超标，不仅对人体健康产生影响，而且对供水管网会产生腐蚀。
模糊控制系统的特点在于：不需要明确的数学模型、对非线性、纯时延系统处理效果较好等。本文在详细分析了凡口铅锌矿水处理系统实际问题的基础上，包括水处理的工艺流程和组成部分，水质检测仪器仪表和控制装置以及系统的硬件结构，提出了水处理模糊控制系统的设计方案框架，然后根据这一方案设计了两个两输入一输出的模糊控制系统对浑浊度和余氯量两个水质指标进行控制，系统仿真输出的结果及与PID控制效果的比较表明模糊控制具有超调量很小、稳态误差小、调节时间短、鲁棒性好等优点，较PID控制而言，无论是系统的动态参数还是静态参数均得到了很大的提高。在这些研究的基础上，本文还详细描述了一个水处理计算机智能监控系统的软件设计与开发过程，分别介绍了软件的结构框架、功能设计、软件平台和所用到的关键编程技术。该软件系统的投入运行，解决了原来由人工投配药剂时计量精度差、工人劳动强度大、对环境污染大、损害人体健康等问题，实现了投配药过程的自动控制，提高了水处理的质量及效率，大大提高供水处理过程的自动化和信息化水平。
With the improvement of the people's living level, the requirement of the water quality becomes stricter. So the problem of the water process in the water factory appears. How to improve the automation of the water process is an urgent problem.
The water source of FanKou mine's water supply is provided by the GaoPing reservoir of the RenHua county. The water quality affected by entironment heavily because the distant of the water source is too far and the transportation aqueduct of the water is open channel. In the common situation, the water from the reservoir is weak acidic. But in the rain day, the water turbidity and the acidic will increase. In addition, the water in the reservoir will be worse because of the pollution of the outside environment. It needs add medicament to depositing, disinfecting and balancing the acidity and the alkali of the water so that it accord with the standard of the water quality in our country.
The water processing of FanKou mine was manual work in the past: detect the turbidity and make the impurity deposition; detect the PH value and add Na2CO3 to adjusting the acidity and the alkali; add ClO2 to disinfecting. In our country, the quantity of the water-processing medicament has clear prescript: the quantity of the remaining chlorine must less than 0.2ppm. If the remaining chlorine in the processed water exceeds the standard, it not only will affect the health of people but also will rot the channel.
Based on the above depiction, in this paper, we using the characters of the fuzzy control to design two 2-inputs and 1-output systems aim at the turbidity and the quantity of the remaining chlorine in the water. The characters of fuzzy control are: it needn't clear mathematics model; it can get better result for the nonlinear and pure time-delay system. In the end of the paper, we compare the fuzzy system and the PID system according to the simulation. It shows that the design of the fuzzy system is success. Both the dynamic performance and the static parameters are improved largely. Based on the research the paper also describes a monitoring and controlling computer system for water process. The key factors of the software development, including the framework, function design, platform selecting and some chief programming technologies, are introduced. The practical application of the system can prove its effectiveness by higher operation accuracy, less human labor and cleaner output water. The efficiency and quality of water process can be improved and the level of automation and information of water supply can be promoted.
引文
[1] 葛常清，水处理工程自动设计系统的建立。工程图学学报，2000年第3期。
[2] 陈勇军，胡柏林，C2000系统在工业水处理的应用。广东自动化与信息工程，2002年第1期。
[3] Yi Yunwen; Zhang Yishun. An Optimal Planning of a Water Supply System in a Fuzzy Environment. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1988. Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 2, August 8-12, 1988, Page(s): 1188-1191
[4] Lee, K.B. Application of a fuzzy logic based self-tuning PID controller to the control of drum water level of a boiler for a power generating plant. Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, 1993. APSCOM-93., 2nd International Conference on, 7-10 Dec 1993, Page(s): 849-854 vol.2
[5] Alex, J.; Jumar, U.; Tschepetzki, R.A fuzzy control application to waste water treatment plants. Control Applications, 1994., Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on, 24-26 Aug. 1994, Page(s): 665-670 vol.1
[6] 葛敏辉，孙苓生，石松奇，张明，现代水处理企业综合自动化方案。工业仪表与自动化装置。2000年第2期。
[7] Froese, T.; von Altrock, C.; Franke, S. Optimization of a water-treatment system with fuzzy logic control. Fuzzy Systems, 1994. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence., Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on, 26-29 June 1994, Page(s): 1614 -1619 vol.3
[8] Cao Bing-Yuan. Fuzzy geometric programming optimum seeking of scheme for waste-water disposal in power plant. Fuzzy Systems, 1995. International Joint Conference of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and The Second International Fuzzy Engineering Symposium., Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 2,20-24 March 1995, Page(s): 793-798 vol.2
[9] 李龙海，水处理工程模糊优选。江苏理工大学学报。1997年11月，Vol．18，No．6
[10] [美]劳勒D F等，现代水处理技术，李一虎等译。北京，中国环境科学出版社，1989．
[11] 美国悔特卡夫和埃迪公司，废水工程、处理、处置及回用。第二版，察裕睹，麦玉箔，李浦修，史急义译。北京，化学工业出版社。1986．
[12] 刘克成，桑俊珍，马东伟，西柏坡电厂化学水处理程序控制系统的调试及投运。华北电力技术，1998年2期
[13] Niimura, T.; Yokoyama, R. Water level control of small-scale hydro-generating units by fuzzy logic. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 1995. 'Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century'., IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 3,22-25 Oct. 1995, Page(s): 2483-2487 vol.3
[14] Eikens, B.; Karim, M.N.; Saucedo, V.; Morris, A.J. Waste water neutralization using a fuzzy neural network controller. American Control Conference, 1995. Proceedings of the, Volume: 4,21-23 June 1995, Page(s): 2662-2666 vol.4
[15] 崔孝光，杨力，水处理负压加氯工艺的质量控制。Water & Wastewater Engineering, Vol 26, Febrary 2000, No 2;
[16] 杨定国，工业水处理自动加药控制系统。金属矿山。1999年第8期；
[17] 庞全，杨翠容，工业水处理pH值智能控制研究。工业水处理，2000，17(4)；
[18] 王忠杰 李沛泓，炼油厂水处理工艺参数优化与控制。炼油化工，2000年2期；
[19] 徐昕，李涛，伯晓晨，Matlab工具箱应用指南，电子工业出版社，2000年5月第一版
[20] 赵震宇，徐用，模糊理论和神经网络的基础与应用，清华大学出版社，1996年6月第一版。
[21] 孙曾圻等，智能控制理论与技术，清华大学出版社，广西科技大学出版社，1997年4月第一版。
[22] Graham B P, Nowell R B. Fuzzy identification and control of a liquid level rig.Fuzzy Sets and Systems.1988. Vol.26. 255-273.
[23] Graham B P, Nowell R B. Fuzzy adaptive control of a first order process. Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 1989. Vol. 31.47-65.
[24] Dubois D, Prade H. Fuzzy Sets and Systems: Theory and Applications. Academic Press, 1980.
[25] 岳舜琳，水的浊度问题，中国给水排水，1995，Vol．11，No．4
[26] 宋启敏，陆明刚，水的浊度测量，上海大学学报(自然科学版)，1997年2月。
[27] 穆正龚，低浊度天然水澄清方法的新探，甘肃电力，1990年第3期。
[28] Faye, R.M.; Sawadogo, S.; Mora-Camino, E; Achaibou, A.K. A fuzzy modeling approach for the long term management of water resource systems. Fuzzy
Systems, 2000. FUZZ IEEE 2000. The Ninth IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 1 , 7-10 May 2000, Page(s): 499-504 vol.1
[29] 王先路，陈长琦，朱武，谢源，欧林林，污水处理实验系统中溶解氧模糊控制器的设计。自动化与仪器仪表，2003年第一期。
[30] Diniz, G.L.; Fernandes, J.F.R.; Meyer, J.F.C.A.; Barros, L.C. A fuzzy Cauchy problem modelling the decay of the biochemical oxygen demand in water. IFSA World Congress and 20th NAFIPS International Conference, 2001. Joint 9th, Volume: 1, 25-28 July 2001, Page(s): 512-516 vol.1
[31] Wang Jinhang; Qin Shi-Yin; Chen Mingyue. Design of fuzzy controller for the water supply system of watercurtain cooling process in the steel plate mill of shougang group. TENCON'02. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, Volume: 3, Oct. 28-31, 2002, Page(s): 1500-1503
[32] Wang Jinhang; Qin Shi-Yin; Chen Mingyue. Fuzzy modeling for the water supply system of watercurtain cooling process in the steel plate mill of shougang group. TENCON'02. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering , Volume: 3, Oct. 28-31, 2002, Page(s): 1273-1277
[33] Treesatayapun, C.; Uatrongjit, S.; Kantapanit, K. Fuzzy graphic rule network and its application on water bath temperature control system. American Control Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the 2002, Volume: 1, 8-10 May 2002, Page(s): 476-480 vol.1
[34] Cao Bing-yuan. Fuzzy allotment model in water and electricity resources shortage and its application software. Fuzzy Systems, 2003. FUZZ'03. The 12th IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 2, May 25-28, 2003, Page(s): 1317-1320
[35] 张福祥，二氧化氯在生活饮用水处理中的应用。甘肃电力技术，2003年1月。
[36] 希望图书创作室译．Visual C++6.0技术内幕．北京：希望电子出版社，1995：8-10
[37] 周冶平．ADO数据存取技术．江南学院学报，1999，9，14(3)：52-56
[38] 张鹏．多线程技术在自动控制系统中的应用．电子与自动化，1999．6，20～23
[39] Man Gyun Na. Design of a genetic fuzzy controller for the nuclear steam generator water level control. Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 45
Issue: 4, Aug. 1998, Page(s): 2261-2271
[40] Si Fodil, M.; Siarry, P.; Guely, E; Tyran, J.-L. A fuzzy rule base for the improved control of a pressurized water nuclear reactor. Fuzzy Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, Feb. 2000, Page(s): 1-10
[41] 秦海生，黎芳。水处理剂发展的探讨。天津化工。2003年3月，Vol．17，第2期。
[42] 赵林峰。电厂化学水处理系统综合化控制发展趋势。中国电力。2001年5月，Vol．34．No．5
[43] Vieira, J.; Mota, A. Smith predictor based neural fuzzy controller applied in a water gas heater that presents a large time-delay and load disturbances. Control Applications, 2003. CCA 2003. Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on Control Applications, Volume: 1, June 23-25, 2003, Page(s): 362-367
[2] 陈勇军，胡柏林，C2000系统在工业水处理的应用。广东自动化与信息工程，2002年第1期。
[3] Yi Yunwen; Zhang Yishun. An Optimal Planning of a Water Supply System in a Fuzzy Environment. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1988. Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 2, August 8-12, 1988, Page(s): 1188-1191
[4] Lee, K.B. Application of a fuzzy logic based self-tuning PID controller to the control of drum water level of a boiler for a power generating plant. Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, 1993. APSCOM-93., 2nd International Conference on, 7-10 Dec 1993, Page(s): 849-854 vol.2
[5] Alex, J.; Jumar, U.; Tschepetzki, R.A fuzzy control application to waste water treatment plants. Control Applications, 1994., Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on, 24-26 Aug. 1994, Page(s): 665-670 vol.1
[6] 葛敏辉，孙苓生，石松奇，张明，现代水处理企业综合自动化方案。工业仪表与自动化装置。2000年第2期。
[7] Froese, T.; von Altrock, C.; Franke, S. Optimization of a water-treatment system with fuzzy logic control. Fuzzy Systems, 1994. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence., Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on, 26-29 June 1994, Page(s): 1614 -1619 vol.3
[8] Cao Bing-Yuan. Fuzzy geometric programming optimum seeking of scheme for waste-water disposal in power plant. Fuzzy Systems, 1995. International Joint Conference of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and The Second International Fuzzy Engineering Symposium., Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 2,20-24 March 1995, Page(s): 793-798 vol.2
[9] 李龙海，水处理工程模糊优选。江苏理工大学学报。1997年11月，Vol．18，No．6
[10] [美]劳勒D F等，现代水处理技术，李一虎等译。北京，中国环境科学出版社，1989．
[11] 美国悔特卡夫和埃迪公司，废水工程、处理、处置及回用。第二版，察裕睹，麦玉箔，李浦修，史急义译。北京，化学工业出版社。1986．
[12] 刘克成，桑俊珍，马东伟，西柏坡电厂化学水处理程序控制系统的调试及投运。华北电力技术，1998年2期
[13] Niimura, T.; Yokoyama, R. Water level control of small-scale hydro-generating units by fuzzy logic. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 1995. 'Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century'., IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 3,22-25 Oct. 1995, Page(s): 2483-2487 vol.3
[14] Eikens, B.; Karim, M.N.; Saucedo, V.; Morris, A.J. Waste water neutralization using a fuzzy neural network controller. American Control Conference, 1995. Proceedings of the, Volume: 4,21-23 June 1995, Page(s): 2662-2666 vol.4
[15] 崔孝光，杨力，水处理负压加氯工艺的质量控制。Water & Wastewater Engineering, Vol 26, Febrary 2000, No 2;
[16] 杨定国，工业水处理自动加药控制系统。金属矿山。1999年第8期；
[17] 庞全，杨翠容，工业水处理pH值智能控制研究。工业水处理，2000，17(4)；
[18] 王忠杰 李沛泓，炼油厂水处理工艺参数优化与控制。炼油化工，2000年2期；
[19] 徐昕，李涛，伯晓晨，Matlab工具箱应用指南，电子工业出版社，2000年5月第一版
[20] 赵震宇，徐用，模糊理论和神经网络的基础与应用，清华大学出版社，1996年6月第一版。
[21] 孙曾圻等，智能控制理论与技术，清华大学出版社，广西科技大学出版社，1997年4月第一版。
[22] Graham B P, Nowell R B. Fuzzy identification and control of a liquid level rig.Fuzzy Sets and Systems.1988. Vol.26. 255-273.
[23] Graham B P, Nowell R B. Fuzzy adaptive control of a first order process. Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 1989. Vol. 31.47-65.
[24] Dubois D, Prade H. Fuzzy Sets and Systems: Theory and Applications. Academic Press, 1980.
[25] 岳舜琳，水的浊度问题，中国给水排水，1995，Vol．11，No．4
[26] 宋启敏，陆明刚，水的浊度测量，上海大学学报(自然科学版)，1997年2月。
[27] 穆正龚，低浊度天然水澄清方法的新探，甘肃电力，1990年第3期。
[28] Faye, R.M.; Sawadogo, S.; Mora-Camino, E; Achaibou, A.K. A fuzzy modeling approach for the long term management of water resource systems. Fuzzy
Systems, 2000. FUZZ IEEE 2000. The Ninth IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 1 , 7-10 May 2000, Page(s): 499-504 vol.1
[29] 王先路，陈长琦，朱武，谢源，欧林林，污水处理实验系统中溶解氧模糊控制器的设计。自动化与仪器仪表，2003年第一期。
[30] Diniz, G.L.; Fernandes, J.F.R.; Meyer, J.F.C.A.; Barros, L.C. A fuzzy Cauchy problem modelling the decay of the biochemical oxygen demand in water. IFSA World Congress and 20th NAFIPS International Conference, 2001. Joint 9th, Volume: 1, 25-28 July 2001, Page(s): 512-516 vol.1
[31] Wang Jinhang; Qin Shi-Yin; Chen Mingyue. Design of fuzzy controller for the water supply system of watercurtain cooling process in the steel plate mill of shougang group. TENCON'02. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, Volume: 3, Oct. 28-31, 2002, Page(s): 1500-1503
[32] Wang Jinhang; Qin Shi-Yin; Chen Mingyue. Fuzzy modeling for the water supply system of watercurtain cooling process in the steel plate mill of shougang group. TENCON'02. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering , Volume: 3, Oct. 28-31, 2002, Page(s): 1273-1277
[33] Treesatayapun, C.; Uatrongjit, S.; Kantapanit, K. Fuzzy graphic rule network and its application on water bath temperature control system. American Control Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the 2002, Volume: 1, 8-10 May 2002, Page(s): 476-480 vol.1
[34] Cao Bing-yuan. Fuzzy allotment model in water and electricity resources shortage and its application software. Fuzzy Systems, 2003. FUZZ'03. The 12th IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 2, May 25-28, 2003, Page(s): 1317-1320
[35] 张福祥，二氧化氯在生活饮用水处理中的应用。甘肃电力技术，2003年1月。
[36] 希望图书创作室译．Visual C++6.0技术内幕．北京：希望电子出版社，1995：8-10
[37] 周冶平．ADO数据存取技术．江南学院学报，1999，9，14(3)：52-56
[38] 张鹏．多线程技术在自动控制系统中的应用．电子与自动化，1999．6，20～23
[39] Man Gyun Na. Design of a genetic fuzzy controller for the nuclear steam generator water level control. Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 45
Issue: 4, Aug. 1998, Page(s): 2261-2271
[40] Si Fodil, M.; Siarry, P.; Guely, E; Tyran, J.-L. A fuzzy rule base for the improved control of a pressurized water nuclear reactor. Fuzzy Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, Feb. 2000, Page(s): 1-10
[41] 秦海生，黎芳。水处理剂发展的探讨。天津化工。2003年3月，Vol．17，第2期。
[42] 赵林峰。电厂化学水处理系统综合化控制发展趋势。中国电力。2001年5月，Vol．34．No．5
[43] Vieira, J.; Mota, A. Smith predictor based neural fuzzy controller applied in a water gas heater that presents a large time-delay and load disturbances. Control Applications, 2003. CCA 2003. Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on Control Applications, Volume: 1, June 23-25, 2003, Page(s): 362-367