高凝油藏热采方式研究
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摘要
高凝油藏由于含蜡量高,凝固点高,若采用常规注水方式开采,会导致蜡的大量析出,从而堵塞孔隙介质,严重破坏储层。辽河曹台油藏属高凝低渗油藏,开发难度大,从发现至今30多年来,基本处于未开采状态。为解决曹台高凝油藏的开采难题,从高凝油的流变性入手,以数值模拟为手段,研究合理的开采方式,对该油田及相同类型高凝低渗油田的开发具有重要的意义。
本文研究了高凝油的流变特性、渗流特征并分析了该高凝油藏的合理开采方式。在建立曹台高凝油藏地质模型基础上,通过数值模拟,研究了人工裂缝长度及导流能力、井距对开发效果的影响。结果表明井距为300m,人工裂缝长130m、宽度为5mm、导流能力为50μm2·cm时,能较好满足该高凝低渗油藏的开发要求。注蒸汽和注热水的数值模拟研究表明,注汽干度、温度对开发效果影响较小,注汽速度对产油速度的影响较大。热水驱时,当热水温度升高到80℃时采收率提高明显,其开发效果接近于蒸汽驱;水温继续升高采收率提高的幅度变小,但注水速度对产油速度影响较大。为了节约能源及经济有效开发,推荐采用先注蒸汽后注热水的开发方式。其中注汽速率为160m3/d、蒸汽干度为0.7、蒸汽温度为270℃、注汽时间为14个月;后续注热水温度为80℃,注水速率为160m3/d。
The high-pour-point-oil reservoir is very difficult to explore. Because when being explored with usual temperature water, it would suffer a great damage, for the precipitation of a great deal of waxy which can cause the pore’s blocking up. Caotai reservoir of Liaohe belongs to high pour point and typical low permeable oil reservoir, so its exploration difficulty is so tough. It has been 30 years since the reservoir was found, but almost none has been explored. So it’s meaningful to study the reservoir including oil’s rheological property and the proper exploration methods by the mean of numerical simulation.
The papers mainly study the special characters of high-pour-point-oil including the flowing theory and rheological characteristics, and analyse the proper exploration ways. The geology model is set up. By the way of the numerical simulation, the well-spacing and the parameter of the man-made fracture’s influence to the recovery effect. The results show that the recovery need can be satisfied while the well spacing is equal to 300m, man-made fracture length is equal to 130m, and the flow conductivity is equal to 50μm2·cm. By the numerical simulation of steam and hot water injection, the results show that the steam quality and temperature have little affection to the recovery ratio, but the steam’s injection velocity has a great influence to the oil-producing rate. For the hot water drive, when the hot water’s temperature rising to 80℃, the recovery effects are improved a lot, and there is a small recovery difference with the steam drive. Meanwhile the hot water’s injection velocity has a great influence to the oil-producing rate. Considering to save the energy and cost price, the comprehensive schedule is recommended, which is fist inject steam and then inject hot water. The concrete value of the parameter is like follows, steam velocity is 160m3/d, steam quality is 0.7, steam temperature is 270℃, steam injection time is 14 months, and hot water velocity is 160m3/d, hot water temperature is 80℃.
本文研究了高凝油的流变特性、渗流特征并分析了该高凝油藏的合理开采方式。在建立曹台高凝油藏地质模型基础上,通过数值模拟,研究了人工裂缝长度及导流能力、井距对开发效果的影响。结果表明井距为300m,人工裂缝长130m、宽度为5mm、导流能力为50μm2·cm时,能较好满足该高凝低渗油藏的开发要求。注蒸汽和注热水的数值模拟研究表明,注汽干度、温度对开发效果影响较小,注汽速度对产油速度的影响较大。热水驱时,当热水温度升高到80℃时采收率提高明显,其开发效果接近于蒸汽驱;水温继续升高采收率提高的幅度变小,但注水速度对产油速度影响较大。为了节约能源及经济有效开发,推荐采用先注蒸汽后注热水的开发方式。其中注汽速率为160m3/d、蒸汽干度为0.7、蒸汽温度为270℃、注汽时间为14个月;后续注热水温度为80℃,注水速率为160m3/d。
The high-pour-point-oil reservoir is very difficult to explore. Because when being explored with usual temperature water, it would suffer a great damage, for the precipitation of a great deal of waxy which can cause the pore’s blocking up. Caotai reservoir of Liaohe belongs to high pour point and typical low permeable oil reservoir, so its exploration difficulty is so tough. It has been 30 years since the reservoir was found, but almost none has been explored. So it’s meaningful to study the reservoir including oil’s rheological property and the proper exploration methods by the mean of numerical simulation.
The papers mainly study the special characters of high-pour-point-oil including the flowing theory and rheological characteristics, and analyse the proper exploration ways. The geology model is set up. By the way of the numerical simulation, the well-spacing and the parameter of the man-made fracture’s influence to the recovery effect. The results show that the recovery need can be satisfied while the well spacing is equal to 300m, man-made fracture length is equal to 130m, and the flow conductivity is equal to 50μm2·cm. By the numerical simulation of steam and hot water injection, the results show that the steam quality and temperature have little affection to the recovery ratio, but the steam’s injection velocity has a great influence to the oil-producing rate. For the hot water drive, when the hot water’s temperature rising to 80℃, the recovery effects are improved a lot, and there is a small recovery difference with the steam drive. Meanwhile the hot water’s injection velocity has a great influence to the oil-producing rate. Considering to save the energy and cost price, the comprehensive schedule is recommended, which is fist inject steam and then inject hot water. The concrete value of the parameter is like follows, steam velocity is 160m3/d, steam quality is 0.7, steam temperature is 270℃, steam injection time is 14 months, and hot water velocity is 160m3/d, hot water temperature is 80℃.
引文
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