市政废水回用于热电厂工艺探讨与实践
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摘要
北方某热电厂长期以来一直购买城市自来水并利用混床工艺处理后作为该厂工业用水,为解决用水资金压力以及发电成本上升等问题,决定启用中水回用项目。项目主要内容是建一套规模为400t/h的污水回用装置,将附近污水处理厂达标排放污水经生物氧化塔/纤维束和砂滤二级过滤/RO组合工艺深度处理后,脱盐水作为热电厂循环冷却水补水及锅炉补给水的源水。
本研究以此工艺为分析与探讨的对象,通过长期监测该工艺关键单元出水的相关指标来分析工艺运行的稳定性;通过有针对性的实验来分析工艺的运行特点以及需要改进之处;针对工艺实现的过程中遇到的问题,提出具有可行性的建议。
运行分析结果表明,在RO预处理中避免采用UF的单膜法工艺进行污水深度处理是可行的,高效组合式生物氧化塔具有良好的除污效果,对COD、BOD5和NH_4+~-N去除率分别达到了60%、78%、92%。通过纤维束过滤器和石英砂滤池的常规过滤,使有机物和无机物得到了进一步去除,砂滤池出水COD_(Mn)平均为2.8mg/L,浊度小于0.1NTU,SDI在3.3-4.0之间波动,低于RO系统进水限值。RO系统出水电导率平均为18.7μS/cm,其它各项指标均满足热电厂的回用要求。
高效组合式生物氧化塔不仅可使原水中可被转化成细胞物质部分的有机物得到一定的去除,同时可以改善水的混凝沉淀性能,减轻后续混凝、沉淀过程的运行负荷。整个工艺的作用机理可以用筛分原理来解释。
在实验室试验分析以及在工艺运行过程中调查研究的基础上,提出以下建议:设置氧化塔沖洗脱膜系统;改进沉淀池加药管线结构;提高纤维束过滤反洗强度;改造砂滤池滤层结构;将次氯酸钠投药点提前。
整个工艺具有处理效果好、运行稳定、工程投资省、运行费用低等优点,具有较高的推广应用价值。最后,以此工程为案例,讨论了再生水回用项目在促进城市污水处理行业发展方面所具备的经济效益和环境效益。
Taking the secondary effluent from a WW TP as source water,the combined process of biological oxidation tower,secondary filter with fiber bundles and sand filtration and reverse osmosis(RO) was used to construct an advanced wastewater treatment and reuse project in a Thermal Power Plant in Dalian,which have been using tap water treated by mixed bed process as industry water.The advanced treatment effluent is mostly used as circulating cooling water and boiler make-up water to release the fund pressure of water and high generation cost.
The stability investigation of the process was carried out by chronically monitoring the relative water quality index of the effluent of the key units.The function and characteristics of the process were also investigated and some shortcomings are pointed out.Solutions for the problems found in the operation of the process and some improvement suggestions for the process were provided.
The operation result indicates that using single membrane method without UF in pretreatment of RO is feasible for advanced wastewater treatment.The biological oxidation tower has significant removal efficiency.The COD/BOD_5/NH_4~+-N removal rate of the effluent of the biological oxidation tower is over 60%,78%and 92%.The organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants can be further removed through fiber bundles and sand filtration process.The average COD_(Mn) of the effluent of sand filter is 2.8mg/L,and the turbidity is lower than 0.1NTU and the SDI fluctuated between 3.3 and 4.0,meeting the index requirement of influent of RO system.The conductivity of effluent of RO is 18.7μS/cm, all the other index of the effluent quality can meet the index requirements of reuse water of the thermal power plant.
The biological oxidation tower can not only reduce the biodegradable organic pollutant, but also improve the sedimentation performance of the raw water,which can ease the burden of the coagulation process.The function mechanism of the whole process can be interpreted by screening principle.
Based on experimental analysis in laboratory and investigation in the operating process, the following improvement suggestions of the process are put forward:improve the structure of medicining line of sedimentation tank;increase the backwash intensity of fiber bundle filter;retrofit the filtering layer of sand filter;move the adding point for NaClO forward.
The combined process has advantages such as good treatment effect,stable operation, small investment,low operation cost and so on and is of good popularization and application value.Finally,taking the project as an example,the paper discussed the economic and environmental benefits obtained by reclaimed water reuse project on promoting the development of municipal wastewater treatment industry
本研究以此工艺为分析与探讨的对象,通过长期监测该工艺关键单元出水的相关指标来分析工艺运行的稳定性;通过有针对性的实验来分析工艺的运行特点以及需要改进之处;针对工艺实现的过程中遇到的问题,提出具有可行性的建议。
运行分析结果表明,在RO预处理中避免采用UF的单膜法工艺进行污水深度处理是可行的,高效组合式生物氧化塔具有良好的除污效果,对COD、BOD5和NH_4+~-N去除率分别达到了60%、78%、92%。通过纤维束过滤器和石英砂滤池的常规过滤,使有机物和无机物得到了进一步去除,砂滤池出水COD_(Mn)平均为2.8mg/L,浊度小于0.1NTU,SDI在3.3-4.0之间波动,低于RO系统进水限值。RO系统出水电导率平均为18.7μS/cm,其它各项指标均满足热电厂的回用要求。
高效组合式生物氧化塔不仅可使原水中可被转化成细胞物质部分的有机物得到一定的去除,同时可以改善水的混凝沉淀性能,减轻后续混凝、沉淀过程的运行负荷。整个工艺的作用机理可以用筛分原理来解释。
在实验室试验分析以及在工艺运行过程中调查研究的基础上,提出以下建议:设置氧化塔沖洗脱膜系统;改进沉淀池加药管线结构;提高纤维束过滤反洗强度;改造砂滤池滤层结构;将次氯酸钠投药点提前。
整个工艺具有处理效果好、运行稳定、工程投资省、运行费用低等优点,具有较高的推广应用价值。最后,以此工程为案例,讨论了再生水回用项目在促进城市污水处理行业发展方面所具备的经济效益和环境效益。
Taking the secondary effluent from a WW TP as source water,the combined process of biological oxidation tower,secondary filter with fiber bundles and sand filtration and reverse osmosis(RO) was used to construct an advanced wastewater treatment and reuse project in a Thermal Power Plant in Dalian,which have been using tap water treated by mixed bed process as industry water.The advanced treatment effluent is mostly used as circulating cooling water and boiler make-up water to release the fund pressure of water and high generation cost.
The stability investigation of the process was carried out by chronically monitoring the relative water quality index of the effluent of the key units.The function and characteristics of the process were also investigated and some shortcomings are pointed out.Solutions for the problems found in the operation of the process and some improvement suggestions for the process were provided.
The operation result indicates that using single membrane method without UF in pretreatment of RO is feasible for advanced wastewater treatment.The biological oxidation tower has significant removal efficiency.The COD/BOD_5/NH_4~+-N removal rate of the effluent of the biological oxidation tower is over 60%,78%and 92%.The organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants can be further removed through fiber bundles and sand filtration process.The average COD_(Mn) of the effluent of sand filter is 2.8mg/L,and the turbidity is lower than 0.1NTU and the SDI fluctuated between 3.3 and 4.0,meeting the index requirement of influent of RO system.The conductivity of effluent of RO is 18.7μS/cm, all the other index of the effluent quality can meet the index requirements of reuse water of the thermal power plant.
The biological oxidation tower can not only reduce the biodegradable organic pollutant, but also improve the sedimentation performance of the raw water,which can ease the burden of the coagulation process.The function mechanism of the whole process can be interpreted by screening principle.
Based on experimental analysis in laboratory and investigation in the operating process, the following improvement suggestions of the process are put forward:improve the structure of medicining line of sedimentation tank;increase the backwash intensity of fiber bundle filter;retrofit the filtering layer of sand filter;move the adding point for NaClO forward.
The combined process has advantages such as good treatment effect,stable operation, small investment,low operation cost and so on and is of good popularization and application value.Finally,taking the project as an example,the paper discussed the economic and environmental benefits obtained by reclaimed water reuse project on promoting the development of municipal wastewater treatment industry
引文
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[8]姚伟捷.水污染要算经济账.科学时报,2002.12.08.
[9]陈亚萍,康永祥.城市污水回用及其途径.干旱区研究,2005,22(9):382-386.
[10]王军,王社平,元林.西安市城市污水资源化的现状及发展.工程建设与设计,2002,5(11):60-62.
[11]邬扬善,屈艳.京市中水设施的成本效益分析.给水排水,1996,22(10):31-33.
[12]叶雯,刘美南.我国城市污水再生利用的现状与对策冲国给水排水.2002,18(12):31-33.
[13]侯立安.小型污水处置与回用技术及装置.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[14]熊必永,张杰,李捷.深圳特区城市中水道系统规划研究.给水排水.2004,30(2):16-20.
[15]张金梅,郭其宽.城市污水回用技术简述,云南化工,2007,34(15):76-78.
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[17]王小英,韩宝平,刘怀忠.废水资源化的问题与出路.中国人口资源与环境,2002,12(8):53-56.
[18]邵青.水处理循环及循环再利用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[19]周军,王佳伟.城市污水再生利用现状分析,2004,30(6):12-17.
[20]Peng J,David K S,Xin-Guo Y.A Pioneer Project of Wastewater Reuse in China.Wat Res,1995.29(7):357-363.
[21]绉利安,刘灿.二级城市污水处理厂出水直接过滤回用的研究和实践.给水排水,1997,23(5):26-30.
[122]Jin-Fen K,James F S,Ching-Lin C,Paul V B.Dual Role of Activated Carbon Process for Water Reuse.Water Environment Research,1998,70(9):347-356.
[23]任建新.膜分离技术及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[24]沈阳环境科学研究院.沈阳市中水回用规划(2006-2010),2006.
[25]钱易,米祥友.现代废水处理新技术.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[26]秦麟源.废水生物处理.上海:同济大学出版社,1989.
[27]喻泽斌,王敦球,张学洪.城市污水处理技术发展回顾与展望.广西师范大学学报,2004,22(11):81-86.
[28]白韬光.城市污水处理技术及其发展.机电设备,2003,3(10):38-42.
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