大沽河地下水库水资源可持续利用研究
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摘要
本论文是在青岛市科技攻关项目《大沽河流域水资源优化利用与污染控制研究》的基础上完成的。近年来大沽河干流及支流已增加多处拦河坝工程致使地下水采补条件发生了较大变化，本文利用Visual Modflow软件分析了各种影响因素对地下水动态的影响，研究了橡胶坝对地下水库的补给能力并重新核算了人工影响条件下大沽河地下水库的允许开采量。
首先概括大沽河地下水库的水文地质条件与特征，概化出该区水文地质概念模型，然后通过全面收集和系统分析研究区的降雨、蒸发、地表径流、灌溉和地下水水位常观资料，确定该区的各项水文地质参数，进而建立了该区地下水的数值模型。
在校正水文地质数学模型的基础上，模拟和分析了各种因素对地下水运动的影响。模拟结果表明，地下水位的变化与当地降雨量的大小及时程分配，地下水开采量的大小及时程分配和河流来水情况密切相关，其中，降雨入渗、河流渗漏对地下水补给起到决定性作用，同时，随着橡胶坝的修建，也使其成为地下水库的一个重要补给来源。
并针对橡胶坝的补给能力，通过数值模拟探讨了坝内蓄水因工业开采而激发的补给量。结果显示，保证现有的工业开采布局不变，通过调整橡胶坝周围工业开采井的开采量，当工业开采增加493×10~4m~3时，橡胶坝渗漏补给量为901×10~4m~3，激发量达231×10~4m~3，这说明傍橡胶坝取水可使更多的地表水入渗补充地下水，从而提高水资源的开发率，也为地下水库在丰水季节得到足够补给提供了可靠的保证。
最后，通过数值法反复调算计算出本区地下水的允许开采量，计算结果表明，在现状开采的条件下，大沽河地下水库丰水年(P=20％)时地下水允许开采量为13670×10~4m~3，平水年(P=50％)时地下水允许开采量为12054×10~4m~3，枯水年
(P=加%)时地下水允许开采量为10951 xl了砰。模型模拟的不同特征年时地下
水库的允许开采量，对指导合理用水，实现地下水资源的可持续开发利用具有现
实意义。
This paper is accomplished on the basis of Key Scientific and Technological Project of Qingdao City, the study of pollution control and optimized utilization of water resources in Dagu River Valley. In recent years, many barrages have been founded in Dagu River, which greatly change the conditions of the exploitation and supply of groundwater.
On the basis of calibration of mathematical model of hydrogeology, the effect of
diversified factors on the variation of groundwater is analyzed using Visual Modflow
software, the recharge capacity of Rubber Dam to the groundwater storage is studied
and the allowable withdrawl of groundwater with the influence of manpower is
calculated again.
First, the hydrogeological conditions and characteristics are gathered up and the
hydrogeological concept model is generalized. Next, through collecting completely and
analyzing systematically the rainfall, evaporation, surface runoff and observation datum
of the groundwater water level, all hydrogeological parameters of this area is defined,
then mathematical model of groundwater of Dagu River is built.
Using the calibrated model, the effect of diversified factors in the variation of
groundwater is analyzed. The result shows that, the change of groundwater level has
close relation with the rainfall. In the meanwhile, with the built of Rubber Dam, it is
also been one of an important supply source of the groundwater storage.
Aiming at the recharge capacity of Rubber Dam to the groundwater storage, the excited
water supply of the dam caused by the exploitation of industry is discussed by
mathematical simulation.
The results are as follows: (1)If we increase the pumping water by 493 X 104m3, the
amount of leakage recharge of Rubber Dam will rise by 231X 104m3; which indicates pumping by Rubber Dam can excite much more surface water infiltrate so as to supply groundwater. Thus the utilization ratio of water source is increased, and it provides the reliable guaranty for enough supply of the groundwater storage in wet year. (2) Under the condition of present status, the groundwater exploitable resource in wet year is 3670 × 104m3. The groundwater exploitable resource in medium precipitation year is 2054 × 104m3. The groundwater exploitable resource in draught year is 10951×104m3. The results can be used to instruct the actual exploitation and make the sustainable utilization of the groundwater source true.
首先概括大沽河地下水库的水文地质条件与特征，概化出该区水文地质概念模型，然后通过全面收集和系统分析研究区的降雨、蒸发、地表径流、灌溉和地下水水位常观资料，确定该区的各项水文地质参数，进而建立了该区地下水的数值模型。
在校正水文地质数学模型的基础上，模拟和分析了各种因素对地下水运动的影响。模拟结果表明，地下水位的变化与当地降雨量的大小及时程分配，地下水开采量的大小及时程分配和河流来水情况密切相关，其中，降雨入渗、河流渗漏对地下水补给起到决定性作用，同时，随着橡胶坝的修建，也使其成为地下水库的一个重要补给来源。
并针对橡胶坝的补给能力，通过数值模拟探讨了坝内蓄水因工业开采而激发的补给量。结果显示，保证现有的工业开采布局不变，通过调整橡胶坝周围工业开采井的开采量，当工业开采增加493×10~4m~3时，橡胶坝渗漏补给量为901×10~4m~3，激发量达231×10~4m~3，这说明傍橡胶坝取水可使更多的地表水入渗补充地下水，从而提高水资源的开发率，也为地下水库在丰水季节得到足够补给提供了可靠的保证。
最后，通过数值法反复调算计算出本区地下水的允许开采量，计算结果表明，在现状开采的条件下，大沽河地下水库丰水年(P=20％)时地下水允许开采量为13670×10~4m~3，平水年(P=50％)时地下水允许开采量为12054×10~4m~3，枯水年
(P=加%)时地下水允许开采量为10951 xl了砰。模型模拟的不同特征年时地下
水库的允许开采量，对指导合理用水，实现地下水资源的可持续开发利用具有现
实意义。
This paper is accomplished on the basis of Key Scientific and Technological Project of Qingdao City, the study of pollution control and optimized utilization of water resources in Dagu River Valley. In recent years, many barrages have been founded in Dagu River, which greatly change the conditions of the exploitation and supply of groundwater.
On the basis of calibration of mathematical model of hydrogeology, the effect of
diversified factors on the variation of groundwater is analyzed using Visual Modflow
software, the recharge capacity of Rubber Dam to the groundwater storage is studied
and the allowable withdrawl of groundwater with the influence of manpower is
calculated again.
First, the hydrogeological conditions and characteristics are gathered up and the
hydrogeological concept model is generalized. Next, through collecting completely and
analyzing systematically the rainfall, evaporation, surface runoff and observation datum
of the groundwater water level, all hydrogeological parameters of this area is defined,
then mathematical model of groundwater of Dagu River is built.
Using the calibrated model, the effect of diversified factors in the variation of
groundwater is analyzed. The result shows that, the change of groundwater level has
close relation with the rainfall. In the meanwhile, with the built of Rubber Dam, it is
also been one of an important supply source of the groundwater storage.
Aiming at the recharge capacity of Rubber Dam to the groundwater storage, the excited
water supply of the dam caused by the exploitation of industry is discussed by
mathematical simulation.
The results are as follows: (1)If we increase the pumping water by 493 X 104m3, the
amount of leakage recharge of Rubber Dam will rise by 231X 104m3; which indicates pumping by Rubber Dam can excite much more surface water infiltrate so as to supply groundwater. Thus the utilization ratio of water source is increased, and it provides the reliable guaranty for enough supply of the groundwater storage in wet year. (2) Under the condition of present status, the groundwater exploitable resource in wet year is 3670 × 104m3. The groundwater exploitable resource in medium precipitation year is 2054 × 104m3. The groundwater exploitable resource in draught year is 10951×104m3. The results can be used to instruct the actual exploitation and make the sustainable utilization of the groundwater source true.
引文
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2．尚守忠，田世义编著．水资源及其开发利用．科学普遍出版社，1991．
3．陈雨孙．地下水运动与资源评价．建筑工业出版社，1986．
4．张蔚榛．地下水非稳定流计算和地下水资源评价．科学出版社，1983．
5．林学钰等编著．地下水水量水质模拟及管理程序集．吉林科学技术出版社，1988．
6．孙纳正等著．地下水流的数值模型和数值方法．地质出版社，1981．
7．薛禹群主编．地下水动力学[M]．北京：地质出版社，1997．
8．薛禹群，谢春红．水文地质学的数值法[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1980．
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