含油污水处理剂评价方法研究
|
摘要
近年来,无机絮凝剂的使用提高了“自然沉降-混凝沉降-过滤”工艺的处理效率,但随着采出水水质的不断恶化,无机絮凝剂的使用引发出用量大,产泥量高,污泥难以处理,生成絮体堵塞滤料,以及回收污油品返回到原油脱水系统后影响原油的正常脱水等一系列问题,且生成的大量污泥还会对环境造成二次污染。有机高分子絮凝剂具有用量小,絮凝速度快,可降解等优点越来越受到广泛应用。由于有机絮凝剂在作用机理上与无机絮凝剂存在差异,常常出现水处理剂实验室内静态评价效果与生产实际效果不相符的问题,因此,研究有机絮凝剂性能的评价方法具有重要的生产意义。
本文结合胜利油田孤一污水站的来水水质,在室内配制模拟含油污水,利用量筒试验对有机絮凝剂进行筛选,选出处理效果较好的絮凝剂。采用静态烧杯试验法,以含油量与悬浮物含量作为污水处理效果的评价指标,对处理效果较好的絮凝剂性能进行评价,研究了静态方法下加药量、混凝搅拌强度与时间、沉淀时间、pH值及水温对水处理效果的影响。针对静态试验评价方法存在的与生产实际相差比较大的问题,提出了动态试验评价方法。以混凝沉降工艺为原型,设计并制造安装了一套由搅拌混凝槽、加药系统、沉降罐组成的动态评价试验装置。通过模拟污水在线加药混凝沉降过程,对处理效果较好的絮凝剂性能进行评价,研究了动态方法下加药量、水力条件、沉降时间及水温对水处理效果的影响。
静态和动态评价方法均反映出净水剂本身的性质。静态试验是一个间歇式的过程,反应过程比较理想,动态试验是一个连续式的过程,存在返混、短路、死角等问题,水处理剂的处理效果不如静态评价的效果。根据水处理剂静态与动态评价结果的比较还发现,在沉降时间和污水温度对水处理剂效果的影响方面,两种评价方法之间存在较大差异。因此,静态评价方法由于与实际处理工艺存在较大差异,不能反映水流运动对处理效果的影响,评价结果具有较大的局限性;动态评价方法与现场实际较为接近,评价结果将更为符合实际。
In recent years, the use of inorganic flocculants improved the efficiency of natural settlement-coagulation-filtration process, but with the quality of produced water worsensing, the use of inorganic flocculants caused many problems, high dosage of inorganic flocculents, high output of sludge, the mud was difficult to treat, the filter media was blocked, as well as lower-quality oil recovery and other issues, which caused the secondary pollution for the environment. The organic polymer flocculants have received more and more attention with low dosage, fast flocculation and biodegradable, etc.Since the difference of the mechanism of flocculant in inorganic flocculants and organic flocculants, the static evaluation results are always not agree with the practical applications. Therefore studying of organic flocculant performance evaluation methods has the important meaning for the production.
This paper analyzed the wastewater quality of the first sewage station in Gudao oil field, simulated oily wastewater, selected the organic flocculants by Graduated cylinder. Organic flocculent was the best reagent. Influencing factors, such as dosage, mixing intensity, intensity time, settling time, pH and temperature, which effect wastewater treatment were researched.The static test method cannot truly reflect the influences of the practical production, so the dynamic test method was proposed. So dynamics evaluated equipment consists of churn-dasher, dosing system and settling tank, was designed. This paper used the equipment simulated the process of dosing, coagulating and settling on line and evaluated the influences of dosage, hydrodynamic condition, settling time and temperature on the wastewater.
The static and dynamic test can both reflect the nature quality of flocculant agent. The static test is an intermittent process; the reaction is ideal. The dynamic test results are not as well as the static test results. The dynamic test is a continuous process, which has back mixing, short circuiting and dead position. According to the comparison with static test and dynamic test, there are great differences between two methods in settling time and temperature. So there is certain limitation in the static test, which cannot reflect the influence of hydraulic condition on the treatment results. The dynamic test process and results are close to the actual process and results. So the dynamic evaluation results are more tallies with the actual results.
本文结合胜利油田孤一污水站的来水水质,在室内配制模拟含油污水,利用量筒试验对有机絮凝剂进行筛选,选出处理效果较好的絮凝剂。采用静态烧杯试验法,以含油量与悬浮物含量作为污水处理效果的评价指标,对处理效果较好的絮凝剂性能进行评价,研究了静态方法下加药量、混凝搅拌强度与时间、沉淀时间、pH值及水温对水处理效果的影响。针对静态试验评价方法存在的与生产实际相差比较大的问题,提出了动态试验评价方法。以混凝沉降工艺为原型,设计并制造安装了一套由搅拌混凝槽、加药系统、沉降罐组成的动态评价试验装置。通过模拟污水在线加药混凝沉降过程,对处理效果较好的絮凝剂性能进行评价,研究了动态方法下加药量、水力条件、沉降时间及水温对水处理效果的影响。
静态和动态评价方法均反映出净水剂本身的性质。静态试验是一个间歇式的过程,反应过程比较理想,动态试验是一个连续式的过程,存在返混、短路、死角等问题,水处理剂的处理效果不如静态评价的效果。根据水处理剂静态与动态评价结果的比较还发现,在沉降时间和污水温度对水处理剂效果的影响方面,两种评价方法之间存在较大差异。因此,静态评价方法由于与实际处理工艺存在较大差异,不能反映水流运动对处理效果的影响,评价结果具有较大的局限性;动态评价方法与现场实际较为接近,评价结果将更为符合实际。
In recent years, the use of inorganic flocculants improved the efficiency of natural settlement-coagulation-filtration process, but with the quality of produced water worsensing, the use of inorganic flocculants caused many problems, high dosage of inorganic flocculents, high output of sludge, the mud was difficult to treat, the filter media was blocked, as well as lower-quality oil recovery and other issues, which caused the secondary pollution for the environment. The organic polymer flocculants have received more and more attention with low dosage, fast flocculation and biodegradable, etc.Since the difference of the mechanism of flocculant in inorganic flocculants and organic flocculants, the static evaluation results are always not agree with the practical applications. Therefore studying of organic flocculant performance evaluation methods has the important meaning for the production.
This paper analyzed the wastewater quality of the first sewage station in Gudao oil field, simulated oily wastewater, selected the organic flocculants by Graduated cylinder. Organic flocculent was the best reagent. Influencing factors, such as dosage, mixing intensity, intensity time, settling time, pH and temperature, which effect wastewater treatment were researched.The static test method cannot truly reflect the influences of the practical production, so the dynamic test method was proposed. So dynamics evaluated equipment consists of churn-dasher, dosing system and settling tank, was designed. This paper used the equipment simulated the process of dosing, coagulating and settling on line and evaluated the influences of dosage, hydrodynamic condition, settling time and temperature on the wastewater.
The static and dynamic test can both reflect the nature quality of flocculant agent. The static test is an intermittent process; the reaction is ideal. The dynamic test results are not as well as the static test results. The dynamic test is a continuous process, which has back mixing, short circuiting and dead position. According to the comparison with static test and dynamic test, there are great differences between two methods in settling time and temperature. So there is certain limitation in the static test, which cannot reflect the influence of hydraulic condition on the treatment results. The dynamic test process and results are close to the actual process and results. So the dynamic evaluation results are more tallies with the actual results.
引文
[1]陈家庆.石油石化工业环保技术概论[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005:50~70
[2]王棠昱,黄坤等.稠油污水深度处理技术探讨[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,1:118-121
[3]王临红.含油污水除油净水技术研究与发展[J].工业水处理,2005,25(2):5-8
[4]李斌.国外油田含油污水处理技术现状与发展[J].中国石油与化工,2005,3:38-41
[5]党伟,羊东明.油田含油污水处理现状及综合利用技术.石油规划设计,2005,16(4):28-30
[6]赵林,马超等.稠油污水处高效反相破乳剂应用现状[J].环境科学与技术,2005,26(5):112-114
[7]李金林.国内外稠油采出水回用工程介绍[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(3):79-82
[8] Fort Mc Murray,Alberta.Water reuse and treatment issues in the oil sands industry[J].CONRAD Oil sands Water Usage Workshop,2004,V2:24-25
[9] Knudsen,B.L.,M. Hjelsvold,et al.Meeting the zero-discharge challenge for produced water [J].Society of Petroleum Engineers,2004,6:29-31
[10]冯永训.油田采出水处理设计手册[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005:44
[11]曹德中等.新型絮凝剂室内评价[J].油气田地面工程,2006,25(4):57
[12]刘书静等.天然高分子改性絮凝剂研究进展.水处理信息导报[J].水处理信息导报,2008,3:12-13
[13]朱书全.天然改性淀粉絮凝剂的合成与应用[J].环境化学,2008,27(4):449-453
[14]许芝等.废弃甲壳资源化利用制备天然高分子絮凝剂[J].大连交通大学学报,2007,28(1):87-90
[15]毛艳丽等.水处理用絮凝剂絮凝机理及研究进展[J].华中科技大学学报,2008,2:78-82
[16] Julie B Manley,Paul T Anastas,Berkeley W Cue Jr,Frontiers in Green Chemistry:Meeting the Grand Challenges for Sustainability in R&D and Manufacturing[J].Cleaner Production,2008,l6(6):743-750
[17]鲁智勇等.疏水缔合阳离子型高分子絮凝剂合成与性能研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(10):95-97
[18]高宝玉等.有机絮凝剂聚环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺的结构及絮凝性能研究[J].工业水处理,2006,26(1):21-23
[19]淘永华.高效原油降解小球藻株用于油污废水净化实验研究[J].海军医学杂志,2006,27(2):136-138
[20] Joung Han Yim,Sung Jin Kim,Se Hun Ahn,eta1.Characterization of a Novel Bioflocculant,P-KG03,from a Marine DinOflagellate,Gyrodinium Impudicum KG03[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(2):361-367.
[21]郑怀礼.生物絮凝剂与絮凝技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[22]肖昊江等.阳离子淀粉微球的合成与表征[J].化工新型材料,2007,35(5):36-38
[23]杨林,刘明华.改性木质素除油絮凝剂处理含油废水的研究.石油化工高等学校学报,2007,20(2):9-11
[24]梁克民,郭海燕.ZB型絮凝剂在含油废水处理中的应用[J].科技通报,2003,19(2):170-172
[25]乔丽艳等.含油污水高效处理剂的开发和应用[J].石油规划设计,2006,17(4):23-28
[26]赵娜娜,佟瑞利,邹立壮.阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其净化含油污水的研究[J].河北化工,2007,30(6):34-35
[27]宋建平,赵春旭,韩志红,等.TC-2复合絮凝剂处理稠油污水达标回注[J].工业水处理,2002,22(7):31-33
[28]黄浪等.低温含油污水净水剂的研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(7):231-233
[29]龙凤乐等.胜利油田注聚采出液含油污水处理技术研究[J].工业水处理,2005,25(8):30-32
[30]李美蓉等.回注采出水深度除油复合配方的优选[J].石油化工环境保护,2006,29(2):43-45
[31]GB/T16881-1997,水的混凝、絮凝杯罐试验方法[S].北京,石油工业出版社,1997
[32]李传宪等.草桥稠油O/W乳状液的稳定性与流变性研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2008,22(5):755-761
[33]王行信等.中国含油气盆地砂泥岩粘土矿物的组合类型[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):1-3
[34]张绍东等.孤岛油田储层微观结构特征及其对驱油效率的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(3):47-54
[35]姚光庆等.孤岛油田高含水期储油层物理特征[J].中国地质大学学报,2003,28(1):67-70
[36]SY/T5329-1994,碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法[S].北京,石油工业出版社,1994
[37]郑毅.国内外混凝机理研究及混凝剂的开发现状[J].中国给排水,2007,23(10):14-17
[38]田秉辉.阳离子聚电解质聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的絮凝机理初探[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(11):1874-1880
[39] Mika Piirto,Pentti Saarenrinne.Interaction Between Flocculation and Turbulence-A M ethod Using the Combination of Image Processing and PIV[J].Joint Fluids Engineering Conference.1999,7
[40]张世君等.油田水处理与检测技术[M].河南,黄河水利出版社,54-56
[41]袁恩熙.工程流体力学[M].北京,石油工业出版社,97-108
[42]张晓琪.混凝机理物理模型中混合剪切阶段的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2005,28(6):4-6
[43]陈宗琪,王光信,徐桂英.胶体与界面化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:116-134.
[44]程海鹰等.静、动态试验评价混凝剂作用效果的对比[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2003,18(2):50-53
[2]王棠昱,黄坤等.稠油污水深度处理技术探讨[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,1:118-121
[3]王临红.含油污水除油净水技术研究与发展[J].工业水处理,2005,25(2):5-8
[4]李斌.国外油田含油污水处理技术现状与发展[J].中国石油与化工,2005,3:38-41
[5]党伟,羊东明.油田含油污水处理现状及综合利用技术.石油规划设计,2005,16(4):28-30
[6]赵林,马超等.稠油污水处高效反相破乳剂应用现状[J].环境科学与技术,2005,26(5):112-114
[7]李金林.国内外稠油采出水回用工程介绍[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(3):79-82
[8] Fort Mc Murray,Alberta.Water reuse and treatment issues in the oil sands industry[J].CONRAD Oil sands Water Usage Workshop,2004,V2:24-25
[9] Knudsen,B.L.,M. Hjelsvold,et al.Meeting the zero-discharge challenge for produced water [J].Society of Petroleum Engineers,2004,6:29-31
[10]冯永训.油田采出水处理设计手册[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005:44
[11]曹德中等.新型絮凝剂室内评价[J].油气田地面工程,2006,25(4):57
[12]刘书静等.天然高分子改性絮凝剂研究进展.水处理信息导报[J].水处理信息导报,2008,3:12-13
[13]朱书全.天然改性淀粉絮凝剂的合成与应用[J].环境化学,2008,27(4):449-453
[14]许芝等.废弃甲壳资源化利用制备天然高分子絮凝剂[J].大连交通大学学报,2007,28(1):87-90
[15]毛艳丽等.水处理用絮凝剂絮凝机理及研究进展[J].华中科技大学学报,2008,2:78-82
[16] Julie B Manley,Paul T Anastas,Berkeley W Cue Jr,Frontiers in Green Chemistry:Meeting the Grand Challenges for Sustainability in R&D and Manufacturing[J].Cleaner Production,2008,l6(6):743-750
[17]鲁智勇等.疏水缔合阳离子型高分子絮凝剂合成与性能研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(10):95-97
[18]高宝玉等.有机絮凝剂聚环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺的结构及絮凝性能研究[J].工业水处理,2006,26(1):21-23
[19]淘永华.高效原油降解小球藻株用于油污废水净化实验研究[J].海军医学杂志,2006,27(2):136-138
[20] Joung Han Yim,Sung Jin Kim,Se Hun Ahn,eta1.Characterization of a Novel Bioflocculant,P-KG03,from a Marine DinOflagellate,Gyrodinium Impudicum KG03[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(2):361-367.
[21]郑怀礼.生物絮凝剂与絮凝技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[22]肖昊江等.阳离子淀粉微球的合成与表征[J].化工新型材料,2007,35(5):36-38
[23]杨林,刘明华.改性木质素除油絮凝剂处理含油废水的研究.石油化工高等学校学报,2007,20(2):9-11
[24]梁克民,郭海燕.ZB型絮凝剂在含油废水处理中的应用[J].科技通报,2003,19(2):170-172
[25]乔丽艳等.含油污水高效处理剂的开发和应用[J].石油规划设计,2006,17(4):23-28
[26]赵娜娜,佟瑞利,邹立壮.阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其净化含油污水的研究[J].河北化工,2007,30(6):34-35
[27]宋建平,赵春旭,韩志红,等.TC-2复合絮凝剂处理稠油污水达标回注[J].工业水处理,2002,22(7):31-33
[28]黄浪等.低温含油污水净水剂的研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(7):231-233
[29]龙凤乐等.胜利油田注聚采出液含油污水处理技术研究[J].工业水处理,2005,25(8):30-32
[30]李美蓉等.回注采出水深度除油复合配方的优选[J].石油化工环境保护,2006,29(2):43-45
[31]GB/T16881-1997,水的混凝、絮凝杯罐试验方法[S].北京,石油工业出版社,1997
[32]李传宪等.草桥稠油O/W乳状液的稳定性与流变性研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2008,22(5):755-761
[33]王行信等.中国含油气盆地砂泥岩粘土矿物的组合类型[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):1-3
[34]张绍东等.孤岛油田储层微观结构特征及其对驱油效率的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(3):47-54
[35]姚光庆等.孤岛油田高含水期储油层物理特征[J].中国地质大学学报,2003,28(1):67-70
[36]SY/T5329-1994,碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法[S].北京,石油工业出版社,1994
[37]郑毅.国内外混凝机理研究及混凝剂的开发现状[J].中国给排水,2007,23(10):14-17
[38]田秉辉.阳离子聚电解质聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的絮凝机理初探[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(11):1874-1880
[39] Mika Piirto,Pentti Saarenrinne.Interaction Between Flocculation and Turbulence-A M ethod Using the Combination of Image Processing and PIV[J].Joint Fluids Engineering Conference.1999,7
[40]张世君等.油田水处理与检测技术[M].河南,黄河水利出版社,54-56
[41]袁恩熙.工程流体力学[M].北京,石油工业出版社,97-108
[42]张晓琪.混凝机理物理模型中混合剪切阶段的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2005,28(6):4-6
[43]陈宗琪,王光信,徐桂英.胶体与界面化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:116-134.
[44]程海鹰等.静、动态试验评价混凝剂作用效果的对比[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2003,18(2):50-53