张力腿平台动力响应研究
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摘要
张力腿平台是一种复合型的海上平台,在竖直方向为刚性,但在水平方向显示柔性。张力腿平台船体是通过竖向的系泊缆(Tendon)连接到海底基座,通过浮力大于平台自重使系泊缆有充足的张紧力。本文对现有的几种类型的张力腿平台的出现背景、结构设计的创新特点以及优势做了简要叙述。
对张力腿平台的动力响应分析是其设计阶段的重要步骤,通过运动响应分析可以得到张力腿平台在波浪作用下的响应,定量地分析张力腿平台在不同方向、不同频率波浪作用下的响应值。本文以三维势流理论为基础,采用理论分析与数值计算相结合的方式,研究了张力腿平台的动力特性。采用挪威船级社SESAM大型海洋工程分析系统建立相应的几何模型、边界元模型、莫里森模型和质量模型,计算了张力腿平台所受到的一阶波浪力,包括附加质量力和势流阻尼力,并且计算得到了二阶波浪力,分析了这些参数随着的入射波浪频率变化的变化规律。并得到了张力腿平台一阶运动与力响应函数(RAO)。
张力腿平台的初期设计中涉及到许多重要的参数,如其吃水深度、作业水深、及张力腿数量等。本文利用频域分析得到了张力腿平台的吃水深度及张力腿的数量对张力腿平台的总体运动性能的影响。
假定入射波浪为零均值,呈高斯分布,大量的实践表明船体运动和载荷的短期响应服从Rayleigh分布,为了描述在张力腿平台在海况不变的条件下,几分钟至数小时内船体的响应情况,本文对该张力腿平台进行了短期运动响应预报,得到了张力腿平台短期运动的短期响应数据。为以后的张力腿平台的设计提供了依据。
The tension-leg platform (TLP) is a hybrid type of offshore platform, fixed for the verti-cal degrees of freedom and compliant for the horizontal degrees of freedom. The platform structure is connected to the sea-bed template by tendons (tension legs) which are kept in ten-sion under all conditions by the excess buoyancy over weight of the platform. In this paper several types of TLP are compared with their different backgrounds, structural features.
It is very important to do hydrodynamic analysis for TLP in their basic design phase. Re-sponse amplitude operators (RAO) can be obtained in the hydrodynamic analysis, being a sta-tistical measurement of different response under different wave directions and wave periods. Based on the three dimensional potential theory, this paper did the theoretical and numerical hydrodynamic analysis of a traditional TLP to evaluate its global performance. DNV/SESAM software is used to do the modeling and calculating work. Totally four models were built, Panel model, Morison model, Mass model, and Geometry model. TLP added mass and poten-tial damping matrix are calculated, and first and second order wave forces are displayed with reference to different wave directions and periods.
Based on the above work, further analysis is made about factor sensitivity study, includ-ing water depth, draft, and tendon numbers. In this frequency domain analysis water depth and tendon numbers can be significant parameter to the global performance of TLP.
Assuming stationary Gaussian incoming waves and a narrow banded response spectrum, the response amplitudes are Rayleigh distributed. In order to investigate the vessel motion and load conditions in a short period like few minutes or hours, short-term statistics are analysis to give out the extreme values of motions or loads in this period.
对张力腿平台的动力响应分析是其设计阶段的重要步骤,通过运动响应分析可以得到张力腿平台在波浪作用下的响应,定量地分析张力腿平台在不同方向、不同频率波浪作用下的响应值。本文以三维势流理论为基础,采用理论分析与数值计算相结合的方式,研究了张力腿平台的动力特性。采用挪威船级社SESAM大型海洋工程分析系统建立相应的几何模型、边界元模型、莫里森模型和质量模型,计算了张力腿平台所受到的一阶波浪力,包括附加质量力和势流阻尼力,并且计算得到了二阶波浪力,分析了这些参数随着的入射波浪频率变化的变化规律。并得到了张力腿平台一阶运动与力响应函数(RAO)。
张力腿平台的初期设计中涉及到许多重要的参数,如其吃水深度、作业水深、及张力腿数量等。本文利用频域分析得到了张力腿平台的吃水深度及张力腿的数量对张力腿平台的总体运动性能的影响。
假定入射波浪为零均值,呈高斯分布,大量的实践表明船体运动和载荷的短期响应服从Rayleigh分布,为了描述在张力腿平台在海况不变的条件下,几分钟至数小时内船体的响应情况,本文对该张力腿平台进行了短期运动响应预报,得到了张力腿平台短期运动的短期响应数据。为以后的张力腿平台的设计提供了依据。
The tension-leg platform (TLP) is a hybrid type of offshore platform, fixed for the verti-cal degrees of freedom and compliant for the horizontal degrees of freedom. The platform structure is connected to the sea-bed template by tendons (tension legs) which are kept in ten-sion under all conditions by the excess buoyancy over weight of the platform. In this paper several types of TLP are compared with their different backgrounds, structural features.
It is very important to do hydrodynamic analysis for TLP in their basic design phase. Re-sponse amplitude operators (RAO) can be obtained in the hydrodynamic analysis, being a sta-tistical measurement of different response under different wave directions and wave periods. Based on the three dimensional potential theory, this paper did the theoretical and numerical hydrodynamic analysis of a traditional TLP to evaluate its global performance. DNV/SESAM software is used to do the modeling and calculating work. Totally four models were built, Panel model, Morison model, Mass model, and Geometry model. TLP added mass and poten-tial damping matrix are calculated, and first and second order wave forces are displayed with reference to different wave directions and periods.
Based on the above work, further analysis is made about factor sensitivity study, includ-ing water depth, draft, and tendon numbers. In this frequency domain analysis water depth and tendon numbers can be significant parameter to the global performance of TLP.
Assuming stationary Gaussian incoming waves and a narrow banded response spectrum, the response amplitudes are Rayleigh distributed. In order to investigate the vessel motion and load conditions in a short period like few minutes or hours, short-term statistics are analysis to give out the extreme values of motions or loads in this period.
引文
[1]韩志勇,陈建民.海上石油工程[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:15-17
[2]鲍莹斌,李润培,顾永宁.张力腿平台研究领域与发展趋势[J].海洋工程,1998,(16):17-26
[3]石红珊,柳存根.Spar平台及其总体设计中的考虑[J].中国海洋平台:2007,22(2):1-4
[4]李润培,谢永和,舒志.深海平台技术的研究现状和发展趋势[J].中国海洋平台,2003,3:1-5
[5]王忠畅,高静坤,高彬.张力腿平台总体尺度规划研究[J].中国海上油气(工程),2007,19(3):200-202
[6]胡志敏,董艳秋.张力腿平台波浪荷载计算[J].中国海洋平台,2002,11(3):16-28
[7]曾晓辉,沈晓鹏,刘洋.考虑多种非线性因素的张力腿平台动力响应[J].海洋工程2006,24(2):82-88
[8]杨春晖,董艳秋.深海张力腿平台发展概况及其趋势[J].中国海洋平台,1997,12(6):255-263
[9]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应[M].天津:天津大学出版社[M],2005:15-20
[10]张智,董艳秋,唐友刚.1990年后世界TLP平台的发展状况[J].中国海洋平台,2004,19(2):5-11
[11] S Kibbee, J Chianis, K Davies. The SeaStar Tension-Leg Platform[J], Offshore Technol-ogy Conference, 1994: 007535
[12] PG Wybro, D Selle, M Chaison, Development of deepwater fields using MOSES small TLP[J], Journal of Offshore Technology, 1995, 3(3):36
[13] Koon, J. R., Heijermans, B. and Wybro, P.G., Development of the Prince Field[J], Off-shore Technology Conference, 2002:14173
[14]曾晓辉,刘洋,沈晓鹏.规则波作用下张力腿平台的非线性动力响应[J].中国造船,2005,46(B11):207-214
[15]于皓,周延东,李欣.张力腿平台的环境荷载及响应[J].中国造船,2007,48(B11):336-342
[16] John Allen Mercier Ltd. Evaluation of button TLP response to environmental loads[J]. Offshore Technology Conference, 1982:4429
[17] B.J.Natvietal , P.Teigen. Review of hydrodynamic challenges in TLP Design [J]. In-terna-tional Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 1993, 12(3):241-249
[18] Z .Ran, M .H. Kim. , Nonlinear Coupled Response of a tethered Spar Platform in Waves[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Con-ference, 1996, 1:281-288
[19] Z .H .Ran. Coupled dynamic analysis of floating structures in waves and currents [D]. PhD dissertation of Texas A&M University, 2000
[20]余小川,谢永和,李润培.水深对超大型FPSO运动响应与波浪载荷的影响[J] .上海交通大学学报.2005:674-677
[21]王世圣,谢彬,曾恒一.3000米深水半潜式钻井平台运动性能研究[J] .中国海上油气,2007:277-280
[22] MM Gadagi, H Benaroya, Dynamic response of an axially loaded tendon of a tension leg platform[J], Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006:38-58
[23]戴遗山.舰船在波浪中运动的频域与时域势流理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998:185-192
[24]竺艳蓉.海洋工程波浪力学[M].天津天津大学出版社1991:31-48
[25]聂武,刘玉秋.海洋结构动力学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2002:170
[26]刘海霞,肖熙.半潜式平台结构强度分析中的波浪载荷计算中国海洋平台[J].2003(2):1-4
[27]吴秀恒.船舶操纵性与耐波性[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:205-206
[28]宗智,黄鼎良.三维移动脉动源速度势的数值研究[J] .水动力学研究与进展, 1991,6(SUP):56-63
[29]吴必军,郑永红,游亚戈.沉箱上单浮体流体动力学问题的解析方法[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(1):130-138
[30]刘应中.船舶在波浪上的运动[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1986:14-20
[31] B.J.Natvig,P.Teigen,1993,Review of hydrodynamic challenges in TLP design[J], Proc.3ed international Offshore and Polar Engineering Con., 294-302
[32] Det Norske Veritas, Guideline For Offshore Structural Reliability Analysis - Examples For Tension Leg Platforms [R], 1995
[33]贺五洲,耿进柱.求解三维物体波浪荷载的边界元模型[J] .工程力学,2005,22(2):11-15
[34] S. K. Ahmada, S. Ahmad. Active control of non-linearly coupled TLP response under wind and wave environments[J], Computers & Structures, 1999, 72(6):735-747
[35] Muhittin S?ylemez,O uz Yilmaz, Hydrodynamic design of a TLP type offloading plat-form[J], Ocean Engineering, 2003,30:1269–1282
[36] J.M.J. Journée, W.W. Massie. OFFSHORE HYDROMECHANICS [M]. Delft Univer-sity of Technology,2001:441-445
[37]李玉成,滕斌.波浪对海上建筑物的作用[M].北京:海洋出版社,2002:180-185
[38]马红艳,刘书田,顾元宪.随机波浪作用下海洋平台响应分析与结构优化设计[J].工程力学,2005,22(1):129-134
[39]文圣常,余宙文.波浪理论与计算原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:127-29
[40]李远林.近海结构水动力学[M] .广州:华南理工大学出版社,1999:155-167
[41]黄祥鹿,陆鑫森.海洋工程流体力学及结构动力响应[M].上海交通大学出版社,1992:80-89
[2]鲍莹斌,李润培,顾永宁.张力腿平台研究领域与发展趋势[J].海洋工程,1998,(16):17-26
[3]石红珊,柳存根.Spar平台及其总体设计中的考虑[J].中国海洋平台:2007,22(2):1-4
[4]李润培,谢永和,舒志.深海平台技术的研究现状和发展趋势[J].中国海洋平台,2003,3:1-5
[5]王忠畅,高静坤,高彬.张力腿平台总体尺度规划研究[J].中国海上油气(工程),2007,19(3):200-202
[6]胡志敏,董艳秋.张力腿平台波浪荷载计算[J].中国海洋平台,2002,11(3):16-28
[7]曾晓辉,沈晓鹏,刘洋.考虑多种非线性因素的张力腿平台动力响应[J].海洋工程2006,24(2):82-88
[8]杨春晖,董艳秋.深海张力腿平台发展概况及其趋势[J].中国海洋平台,1997,12(6):255-263
[9]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应[M].天津:天津大学出版社[M],2005:15-20
[10]张智,董艳秋,唐友刚.1990年后世界TLP平台的发展状况[J].中国海洋平台,2004,19(2):5-11
[11] S Kibbee, J Chianis, K Davies. The SeaStar Tension-Leg Platform[J], Offshore Technol-ogy Conference, 1994: 007535
[12] PG Wybro, D Selle, M Chaison, Development of deepwater fields using MOSES small TLP[J], Journal of Offshore Technology, 1995, 3(3):36
[13] Koon, J. R., Heijermans, B. and Wybro, P.G., Development of the Prince Field[J], Off-shore Technology Conference, 2002:14173
[14]曾晓辉,刘洋,沈晓鹏.规则波作用下张力腿平台的非线性动力响应[J].中国造船,2005,46(B11):207-214
[15]于皓,周延东,李欣.张力腿平台的环境荷载及响应[J].中国造船,2007,48(B11):336-342
[16] John Allen Mercier Ltd. Evaluation of button TLP response to environmental loads[J]. Offshore Technology Conference, 1982:4429
[17] B.J.Natvietal , P.Teigen. Review of hydrodynamic challenges in TLP Design [J]. In-terna-tional Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 1993, 12(3):241-249
[18] Z .Ran, M .H. Kim. , Nonlinear Coupled Response of a tethered Spar Platform in Waves[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Con-ference, 1996, 1:281-288
[19] Z .H .Ran. Coupled dynamic analysis of floating structures in waves and currents [D]. PhD dissertation of Texas A&M University, 2000
[20]余小川,谢永和,李润培.水深对超大型FPSO运动响应与波浪载荷的影响[J] .上海交通大学学报.2005:674-677
[21]王世圣,谢彬,曾恒一.3000米深水半潜式钻井平台运动性能研究[J] .中国海上油气,2007:277-280
[22] MM Gadagi, H Benaroya, Dynamic response of an axially loaded tendon of a tension leg platform[J], Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006:38-58
[23]戴遗山.舰船在波浪中运动的频域与时域势流理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998:185-192
[24]竺艳蓉.海洋工程波浪力学[M].天津天津大学出版社1991:31-48
[25]聂武,刘玉秋.海洋结构动力学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2002:170
[26]刘海霞,肖熙.半潜式平台结构强度分析中的波浪载荷计算中国海洋平台[J].2003(2):1-4
[27]吴秀恒.船舶操纵性与耐波性[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:205-206
[28]宗智,黄鼎良.三维移动脉动源速度势的数值研究[J] .水动力学研究与进展, 1991,6(SUP):56-63
[29]吴必军,郑永红,游亚戈.沉箱上单浮体流体动力学问题的解析方法[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(1):130-138
[30]刘应中.船舶在波浪上的运动[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1986:14-20
[31] B.J.Natvig,P.Teigen,1993,Review of hydrodynamic challenges in TLP design[J], Proc.3ed international Offshore and Polar Engineering Con., 294-302
[32] Det Norske Veritas, Guideline For Offshore Structural Reliability Analysis - Examples For Tension Leg Platforms [R], 1995
[33]贺五洲,耿进柱.求解三维物体波浪荷载的边界元模型[J] .工程力学,2005,22(2):11-15
[34] S. K. Ahmada, S. Ahmad. Active control of non-linearly coupled TLP response under wind and wave environments[J], Computers & Structures, 1999, 72(6):735-747
[35] Muhittin S?ylemez,O uz Yilmaz, Hydrodynamic design of a TLP type offloading plat-form[J], Ocean Engineering, 2003,30:1269–1282
[36] J.M.J. Journée, W.W. Massie. OFFSHORE HYDROMECHANICS [M]. Delft Univer-sity of Technology,2001:441-445
[37]李玉成,滕斌.波浪对海上建筑物的作用[M].北京:海洋出版社,2002:180-185
[38]马红艳,刘书田,顾元宪.随机波浪作用下海洋平台响应分析与结构优化设计[J].工程力学,2005,22(1):129-134
[39]文圣常,余宙文.波浪理论与计算原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:127-29
[40]李远林.近海结构水动力学[M] .广州:华南理工大学出版社,1999:155-167
[41]黄祥鹿,陆鑫森.海洋工程流体力学及结构动力响应[M].上海交通大学出版社,1992:80-89