基于水力仿真的输油管道泄漏检测技术研究
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摘要
本文用VC++编制管道仿真软件,通过软件模拟管道内流体的水力瞬变情况来检测管道是否泄漏。编制的仿真软件具有一定的通用性和可扩展性。
首先讨论了管道泄漏检测的目的和意义,分析了国内外现阶段使用的管道泄漏检测方法,以及泄漏检测方法的优缺点及其使用范围,提出了本文的主要研究内容,即通过管道的水力仿真对管道进行泄漏检测。
其次,通过流体在管道内的流动特性,建立了管道内流体的瞬变数学模型(液体管段瞬态流动的数学模型一般是由运动方程、连续性方程和能量方程组成),并将其存放到仿真软件的仿真分析模块中,将稳态模型的模拟结果作为初值条件,利用特征线法对瞬变数学模型进行求解,从而预测管道在预期工况下任何时刻、各个检测点的水力特性及设备运行状态,同时通过图表显示在计算机上,然后将通过计算机模拟,得到的管道理论运行参数,(如温度、流量、压力等)与安装在管道上的数据采集仪器采集到的实际数据相比较,如果两者的差值超过了预定的限值,则可判断管道发生泄漏。
最后,本文用VC++编制了基于对话框界面的程序,便于管道参数和流体参数的输入。并用VC++编制管道仿真软件,该软件可以实现对长输管道和管网系统的动态水力仿真;可以模拟诸如阀门开关、泵/压缩机启停过程对管道系统水力状况的影响;可以模拟多点泄漏时,水击波之间的相互影响等。用该管道仿真软件还可以实现管道泄漏检测,不但可以检测到管道的微小泄漏,还可以检测到已经发生的泄漏;不但能进行单点的泄漏检测和定位,还能进行多点的泄漏检测和定位。但是用该软件进行管道泄漏检测时,可能存在误报警率高的问题,在最后分析了用该方法进行泄漏检测误报警率高的原因。
we program simulation software with VC++, and carry out pipeline leak detection based on the simulation of hydraulic power transient of fluids. The simulation software has nice characteristic of versatility and expansibility.
Firstly, we introduce the purpose of pipeline leak detection and leak detection method used both abroad and home at the present stage, analyses its relative merits and usable range, and come up with the main content of paper, i.e. carry out pipeline leak detection through hydraulic power emulation.
Secondly, we establish transient mathematical model of fluids (usually, it is composed of motion equation, continuity equation and energy equation) based on flow behavior in pipeline and load it to the emulation analyses module. After that we take simulation results of steady-state model as initial condition and solve the model using characteristics method, so as to forecast hydraulic performance and equipment running status at all time and each detection point, meanwhile, show it as chart through computer. And then, we compare the pipeline theoretical working parameters including temperature, flow and pressure which are obtained through computer simulation to the real data which are collected by data collector attached to pipeline, if the difference exceeds scheduled threshold value which is the minimal leakage detected by system, then leakage take place.
Finally, we design dialog box interface using for inputting pipeline and flow parameters and simulation software with VC++. The software could make dynamic hydraulic power emulation of long-distance pipeline and network system, simulate impact of factors such as on/off of valve and pump or compressor upon hydraulic power state of pipe system, and simulate the interaction of surge wave if leakage occurs at multiple-point. In addition, using simulation software we could detect pipeline leakage, not only detect the minuteness leakage, but also the leakage which have occurred. We could carry out not only single-point leakage detection and localization, but also the multiple-point leakage. The reason of high false alarm rate when carrying out pipeline leakage detection by using simulation software is also been analyzed.
首先讨论了管道泄漏检测的目的和意义,分析了国内外现阶段使用的管道泄漏检测方法,以及泄漏检测方法的优缺点及其使用范围,提出了本文的主要研究内容,即通过管道的水力仿真对管道进行泄漏检测。
其次,通过流体在管道内的流动特性,建立了管道内流体的瞬变数学模型(液体管段瞬态流动的数学模型一般是由运动方程、连续性方程和能量方程组成),并将其存放到仿真软件的仿真分析模块中,将稳态模型的模拟结果作为初值条件,利用特征线法对瞬变数学模型进行求解,从而预测管道在预期工况下任何时刻、各个检测点的水力特性及设备运行状态,同时通过图表显示在计算机上,然后将通过计算机模拟,得到的管道理论运行参数,(如温度、流量、压力等)与安装在管道上的数据采集仪器采集到的实际数据相比较,如果两者的差值超过了预定的限值,则可判断管道发生泄漏。
最后,本文用VC++编制了基于对话框界面的程序,便于管道参数和流体参数的输入。并用VC++编制管道仿真软件,该软件可以实现对长输管道和管网系统的动态水力仿真;可以模拟诸如阀门开关、泵/压缩机启停过程对管道系统水力状况的影响;可以模拟多点泄漏时,水击波之间的相互影响等。用该管道仿真软件还可以实现管道泄漏检测,不但可以检测到管道的微小泄漏,还可以检测到已经发生的泄漏;不但能进行单点的泄漏检测和定位,还能进行多点的泄漏检测和定位。但是用该软件进行管道泄漏检测时,可能存在误报警率高的问题,在最后分析了用该方法进行泄漏检测误报警率高的原因。
we program simulation software with VC++, and carry out pipeline leak detection based on the simulation of hydraulic power transient of fluids. The simulation software has nice characteristic of versatility and expansibility.
Firstly, we introduce the purpose of pipeline leak detection and leak detection method used both abroad and home at the present stage, analyses its relative merits and usable range, and come up with the main content of paper, i.e. carry out pipeline leak detection through hydraulic power emulation.
Secondly, we establish transient mathematical model of fluids (usually, it is composed of motion equation, continuity equation and energy equation) based on flow behavior in pipeline and load it to the emulation analyses module. After that we take simulation results of steady-state model as initial condition and solve the model using characteristics method, so as to forecast hydraulic performance and equipment running status at all time and each detection point, meanwhile, show it as chart through computer. And then, we compare the pipeline theoretical working parameters including temperature, flow and pressure which are obtained through computer simulation to the real data which are collected by data collector attached to pipeline, if the difference exceeds scheduled threshold value which is the minimal leakage detected by system, then leakage take place.
Finally, we design dialog box interface using for inputting pipeline and flow parameters and simulation software with VC++. The software could make dynamic hydraulic power emulation of long-distance pipeline and network system, simulate impact of factors such as on/off of valve and pump or compressor upon hydraulic power state of pipe system, and simulate the interaction of surge wave if leakage occurs at multiple-point. In addition, using simulation software we could detect pipeline leakage, not only detect the minuteness leakage, but also the leakage which have occurred. We could carry out not only single-point leakage detection and localization, but also the multiple-point leakage. The reason of high false alarm rate when carrying out pipeline leakage detection by using simulation software is also been analyzed.
引文
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