工业沸腾炉微机自动监控系统研究
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摘要
工业锅炉作为一种重要的能量转换设备,在工业生产中获得了广泛的应用?随着科学技术的发展,对工业锅炉工作过程的自动检测和控制成为了国内?外研究的一个重要课题?
本文首先阐述了国?内外工业锅炉使用的现状,介绍了在过去对工业锅炉生产过程采用电动单元仪表组成的手动调节方式控制下的弊病,以及采用微机自动监控系统的意义,然后针对重庆嘉陵工业股份有限公司的两台工业沸腾炉(工业锅炉的一种)通过分析?比较,设计了一种具有特色的"一控二"微机自动监控系统,即一台微机同时监控两台工业沸腾炉的自动监控系统?这种系统与"一控一"系统相比,在降低硬件成本?提高系统的稳定性?减少操作人员和维护费用?易于操作等方面有了明显的改进?
本文的主要内容有:设计了"一控二"微机自动监测和控制系统的总体结构,它由温度?压力?流量?水位?含氧量等传感器?变送器?转换电路?A/D转换卡?计算机?D/A转换卡?执行机构和报警装置等组成,同时解决了系统的兼容问题?对硬件进行了选择,对电流/电压转换电路?电压放大电路和声光报警电路进行了具体设计?本文在详细地分析影响沸腾炉给水?燃烧和蒸汽温度扰动的各种因素和对控制方案进行分析?比较的基础上,对沸腾炉给水控制回路?燃烧控制回路和蒸汽温度控制回路进行了具体的设计?然后,本文采用C语言,以循环扫描方式为核心编制了监控系统的全部软件,在监测部分实现了对各热工参数信号的采集?数据处理以及声光报警功能?在控制部分,采用了分离积分的PID控制算法,实现了对各控制回路的自动控制功能,解决了传统仪表控制中的不稳定问题?
自2000年11月该监控系统投入使用以来,从一些重要热工参数的历史趋势曲线和用户记录数据中可以看出,"一控二"微机自动监控系统是可行的?优良的,达到了降低成本,减轻工人劳动强度,提高经济效益,同时又保证安全正常生产和操作简便的目的,具有新颖性?先进性和实用性的特点?
Industrial boiler is widely used as a kind of important energy conversion device in industrial production. With scientific and technical development, it's an important task to research automatic monitoring and controlling of boiler in the world.
This paper describes present status of using boiler at home and abroad at first, introduces the weakness that we control the processes of production in manual mode with electric unit meter. The significance is explained to use a computer system too. Then, against both industrial fluidized bed boiler of Chongqing JiaLing industrial limited Company, industrial fluidized bed boiler is a kind of industrial boiler, based on analysis and comparison, this paper puts forward an "one control two" automatic monitoring and controlling system with one computer, i.e. one computer monitors and controls two boilers at the same time. This system is compared with "one control one", improves greatly at many aspects such as reducing cost of hardware, increasing stabilization of system, reducing operating personnel and maintenance charge, operating easily etc.
The main content of this paper is: we design gross structure of "one control two", it is made of temperature, pressure, flow rate, water level, oxygen content sensors etc. and transducer, translation circuit, A/D transfer card, computer, D/A transfer card, actuating mechanism, warning device, solve system compatible problem at one time. Elect hardware, and design current to voltage translation circuit, voltage amplification circuit and acoustic-optic alarming circuit. After we analyses fully the factors of influencing the feed water, combustion and steam temperature, compare controlling program, design circuits of feed water, combustion and steam temperature. Then, this system software has been programmed by C language. We use the scan way to attain the signal acquisition and data processing and acoustic-optic alarming function in the monitoring parts. Automatic control function have been realized by means of PID control algorithm of separation integral in the control parts, resolve system instability.
This system has been used Since Nov. 2000, it indicate that "one control two" system is feasible and excellent from historical trend curve of some important thermal engineering parameters and user recorded data, not only reduce cost and labor intensity, improve economic performance, but also ensure safely producing safely and operating easily, this system have novel, advanced, and useful characteristic.
本文首先阐述了国?内外工业锅炉使用的现状,介绍了在过去对工业锅炉生产过程采用电动单元仪表组成的手动调节方式控制下的弊病,以及采用微机自动监控系统的意义,然后针对重庆嘉陵工业股份有限公司的两台工业沸腾炉(工业锅炉的一种)通过分析?比较,设计了一种具有特色的"一控二"微机自动监控系统,即一台微机同时监控两台工业沸腾炉的自动监控系统?这种系统与"一控一"系统相比,在降低硬件成本?提高系统的稳定性?减少操作人员和维护费用?易于操作等方面有了明显的改进?
本文的主要内容有:设计了"一控二"微机自动监测和控制系统的总体结构,它由温度?压力?流量?水位?含氧量等传感器?变送器?转换电路?A/D转换卡?计算机?D/A转换卡?执行机构和报警装置等组成,同时解决了系统的兼容问题?对硬件进行了选择,对电流/电压转换电路?电压放大电路和声光报警电路进行了具体设计?本文在详细地分析影响沸腾炉给水?燃烧和蒸汽温度扰动的各种因素和对控制方案进行分析?比较的基础上,对沸腾炉给水控制回路?燃烧控制回路和蒸汽温度控制回路进行了具体的设计?然后,本文采用C语言,以循环扫描方式为核心编制了监控系统的全部软件,在监测部分实现了对各热工参数信号的采集?数据处理以及声光报警功能?在控制部分,采用了分离积分的PID控制算法,实现了对各控制回路的自动控制功能,解决了传统仪表控制中的不稳定问题?
自2000年11月该监控系统投入使用以来,从一些重要热工参数的历史趋势曲线和用户记录数据中可以看出,"一控二"微机自动监控系统是可行的?优良的,达到了降低成本,减轻工人劳动强度,提高经济效益,同时又保证安全正常生产和操作简便的目的,具有新颖性?先进性和实用性的特点?
Industrial boiler is widely used as a kind of important energy conversion device in industrial production. With scientific and technical development, it's an important task to research automatic monitoring and controlling of boiler in the world.
This paper describes present status of using boiler at home and abroad at first, introduces the weakness that we control the processes of production in manual mode with electric unit meter. The significance is explained to use a computer system too. Then, against both industrial fluidized bed boiler of Chongqing JiaLing industrial limited Company, industrial fluidized bed boiler is a kind of industrial boiler, based on analysis and comparison, this paper puts forward an "one control two" automatic monitoring and controlling system with one computer, i.e. one computer monitors and controls two boilers at the same time. This system is compared with "one control one", improves greatly at many aspects such as reducing cost of hardware, increasing stabilization of system, reducing operating personnel and maintenance charge, operating easily etc.
The main content of this paper is: we design gross structure of "one control two", it is made of temperature, pressure, flow rate, water level, oxygen content sensors etc. and transducer, translation circuit, A/D transfer card, computer, D/A transfer card, actuating mechanism, warning device, solve system compatible problem at one time. Elect hardware, and design current to voltage translation circuit, voltage amplification circuit and acoustic-optic alarming circuit. After we analyses fully the factors of influencing the feed water, combustion and steam temperature, compare controlling program, design circuits of feed water, combustion and steam temperature. Then, this system software has been programmed by C language. We use the scan way to attain the signal acquisition and data processing and acoustic-optic alarming function in the monitoring parts. Automatic control function have been realized by means of PID control algorithm of separation integral in the control parts, resolve system instability.
This system has been used Since Nov. 2000, it indicate that "one control two" system is feasible and excellent from historical trend curve of some important thermal engineering parameters and user recorded data, not only reduce cost and labor intensity, improve economic performance, but also ensure safely producing safely and operating easily, this system have novel, advanced, and useful characteristic.
引文
[1] 雷霖·微机自动监测·第一版·电子科技大学出版社·1998.1?
[2] Ju G, Chen S.B., Xu Z.G,·A study of the constrained model predictive control for the boiler superheated steam of a thermal power plant·Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power·Nov 20 2001·Vol16·P641-643.
[3] 刘敏清,王元·微机在自动控制系统中应用·中国铁道出版社·1987.11?
[4] 张良仪等·工业锅炉微机控制·高等教育出版社·第1版·1991.8?
[5] 岑可法·循环流化床沸腾炉理论?设计与运行·中国电力出版社·1998.5?
[6] 田子平,朱国桢等编著·电站沸腾床锅炉设计与运行·中国建筑工业出版社·1991年12月?
[7] 曹子栋·锅炉测试技术·西安交通大学出版社·1995?
[8] 吴占民,肖沙里,钟先信,徐世军,陈世勇·工业沸腾炉微机自动监控系统·光学 精密工程·2001·第9卷,第4期·388-391?
[9] 张亮明,夏桂娟·工业沸腾炉自动控制·中国建筑工业出版社·1987.11?
[10] Lee beicheng, Ma Yuhua, Jia Shengming, Lee Nianzu·Radiometric water-level monitoring system in a high-pressure steam chamber and its error analysis·Nuclear Technology·May 1995·Vol13·P258-262.
[11] 鹿世金·工业锅炉节能的控制技术·兵器工业出版社·1993?
[12] 阮建飞·锅炉的微机控制及可靠性的分析·计算机应用·1999·第4期·62-65?
[13] Lu J.D., Huang Y.H., Shen K., Cheng J.S.·An expert system for the on-line monitoring and condition diagnosis of circulating fluidized bed boilers·Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power·Nov 20 2001·Vol16·P628-631.
[14] Xu chunhui,Xu xiangdong, Lu Zehua·Development of a computer supervisory system for 130 t/h pulverized coal fired boiler·Journal of Tsinghua University·Mar 1999·Vol39·P23-26.
[15] John. Senior·boiler test Calculations·Edward Arnold·1989.
[16] A.W. langill·Automatic control systems engineering·prentice-Hall·N.J.
[17] 施仁,刘文江·工业自动化仪表与过程控制·电子工业出版社·1984.5?
[18] Peter kraniauskes·Transforms in signals and systems·Addison Wesley·1992.
[19] 清华大学电子学教研组·模拟电子技术基础简明教程·第一版·高等教育出版社·1985.5?
[20] 曾全堃·仪器电路·第一版·重庆大学出版社·1996.3?
[21] Advantech company·PC-labcard user's manual·Taiwan advantech·april 1994.
[22] 研华工控集团·基于PC的工业自动化完善解决方案·中国铁道出版社·1999.8
[23] 王新贤,蒋富瑞主编·实用计算机控制技术手册·第一版·山东科学技术出版社·1993?
[24] 邵鸿余·微机原理与接口技术·北京航空航天大学出版社·1999.5?
[25] 王泰峰·微机C语言基础与应用·中国铁道出版社·1991.7?
[26] 熊可宜,李宏编译·C语言在工程技术上的应用·海洋出版社·1992?
[27] 王正洪,周振环主编·微机接口与应用·中国石化出版社·2000?
[28] Maedey wataru·Digital signal processing·prentice-Hall·1993.
[29] 程佩青著·数字滤波与快速傅里叶变换·清华大学出版社?
[30] 陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生·新型PID控制及其应用·机械工业出版社·1998.9?
[31] Dukelow, Sam.G.·The control of boilers·instrument society of America·1982.
[2] Ju G, Chen S.B., Xu Z.G,·A study of the constrained model predictive control for the boiler superheated steam of a thermal power plant·Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power·Nov 20 2001·Vol16·P641-643.
[3] 刘敏清,王元·微机在自动控制系统中应用·中国铁道出版社·1987.11?
[4] 张良仪等·工业锅炉微机控制·高等教育出版社·第1版·1991.8?
[5] 岑可法·循环流化床沸腾炉理论?设计与运行·中国电力出版社·1998.5?
[6] 田子平,朱国桢等编著·电站沸腾床锅炉设计与运行·中国建筑工业出版社·1991年12月?
[7] 曹子栋·锅炉测试技术·西安交通大学出版社·1995?
[8] 吴占民,肖沙里,钟先信,徐世军,陈世勇·工业沸腾炉微机自动监控系统·光学 精密工程·2001·第9卷,第4期·388-391?
[9] 张亮明,夏桂娟·工业沸腾炉自动控制·中国建筑工业出版社·1987.11?
[10] Lee beicheng, Ma Yuhua, Jia Shengming, Lee Nianzu·Radiometric water-level monitoring system in a high-pressure steam chamber and its error analysis·Nuclear Technology·May 1995·Vol13·P258-262.
[11] 鹿世金·工业锅炉节能的控制技术·兵器工业出版社·1993?
[12] 阮建飞·锅炉的微机控制及可靠性的分析·计算机应用·1999·第4期·62-65?
[13] Lu J.D., Huang Y.H., Shen K., Cheng J.S.·An expert system for the on-line monitoring and condition diagnosis of circulating fluidized bed boilers·Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power·Nov 20 2001·Vol16·P628-631.
[14] Xu chunhui,Xu xiangdong, Lu Zehua·Development of a computer supervisory system for 130 t/h pulverized coal fired boiler·Journal of Tsinghua University·Mar 1999·Vol39·P23-26.
[15] John. Senior·boiler test Calculations·Edward Arnold·1989.
[16] A.W. langill·Automatic control systems engineering·prentice-Hall·N.J.
[17] 施仁,刘文江·工业自动化仪表与过程控制·电子工业出版社·1984.5?
[18] Peter kraniauskes·Transforms in signals and systems·Addison Wesley·1992.
[19] 清华大学电子学教研组·模拟电子技术基础简明教程·第一版·高等教育出版社·1985.5?
[20] 曾全堃·仪器电路·第一版·重庆大学出版社·1996.3?
[21] Advantech company·PC-labcard user's manual·Taiwan advantech·april 1994.
[22] 研华工控集团·基于PC的工业自动化完善解决方案·中国铁道出版社·1999.8
[23] 王新贤,蒋富瑞主编·实用计算机控制技术手册·第一版·山东科学技术出版社·1993?
[24] 邵鸿余·微机原理与接口技术·北京航空航天大学出版社·1999.5?
[25] 王泰峰·微机C语言基础与应用·中国铁道出版社·1991.7?
[26] 熊可宜,李宏编译·C语言在工程技术上的应用·海洋出版社·1992?
[27] 王正洪,周振环主编·微机接口与应用·中国石化出版社·2000?
[28] Maedey wataru·Digital signal processing·prentice-Hall·1993.
[29] 程佩青著·数字滤波与快速傅里叶变换·清华大学出版社?
[30] 陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生·新型PID控制及其应用·机械工业出版社·1998.9?
[31] Dukelow, Sam.G.·The control of boilers·instrument society of America·1982.