干熄焦自动控制系统的设计与应用
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摘要
所谓干熄焦,是相对湿熄焦而言的,是指采用惰性气体将红焦降温冷却的一种熄焦方法。在干熄焦过程中,红焦从干熄炉顶部装入,低温惰性气体由循环风机鼓入干熄炉冷却段红焦层内,吸收红焦显热,冷却后的焦炭从干熄炉底部排出,从干熄炉环形烟道出来的高温惰性气体流经干熄焦锅炉进行热交换,锅炉产生蒸汽,冷却后的惰性气体由循环风机重新鼓入干熄炉,惰性气体在封闭的系统内循环使用。锅炉中产生的高温蒸汽,或并入整个工厂的蒸汽管网,或用汽轮发电机发电。在除尘方面,干熄焦设置了专门的除尘系统,即干熄焦循环气体除尘系统和干熄焦环境除尘系统。
本文中,干熄焦控制系统使用RockWell公司产品,采用冗余系统,选用ControlLogix5000编程软件,通过EtherNet网络连接CPU和工业控制计算机,采用ControlNet网络连接所有的I/O模块,HMI选用RSView SE。在整个系统中,很多仪表都具有调节功能,本文详细说明了ControlLogix5000中的PID控制指令。结合工艺原理,本文重点介绍干熄焦系统中重要的联动设备和仪器仪表。干熄炉部分,依次介绍了焦炭装入联动设备,干熄炉内的仪表控制,焦炭排出联动设备,焦炭排出量的调节和焦炭排出温度的控制。锅炉部分,主要介绍了锅炉给水调节和蒸汽温度调节。其中,锅炉给水控制采用了三冲量调节,改善了汽包的运行状况,使汽包的液位波动很小,液位控制非常平稳。最后介绍了干熄焦的除尘工艺,包括循环气体除尘系统和环境除尘系统。
与湿熄焦相比,干熄焦各项指标显著提升。焦炭质量明显提高,缩短结焦时间;充分利用红焦显热,产生高温蒸汽进行发电,节约能源;采取严格有效的除尘系统,降低有害物质的排放,保护环境。
Coke Dry Quenching(CDQ) is a method of cooling hot coke with inert gas. In the process of CDQ, the red coke put in at the top of the furnace. The low temperature inert gas is insufflated to the cooling layer of the furnace by the circle fan, and absorb heat from the red coke. After cooling, the coke expel from the bottom of the furnace. The high temperature inert gas from the annular flue of the furnace exchange the heat in the boiler, and it produces steam. Then, the cooled inert gas is insufflated to the furnace by the circle fan again. The inert gas is used in a closed system with recycling. The steam produced in boiler can merge into the steam duct of the factory, or generate electricity through the steam dynamo. In the part of dust, CDQ applies with the special dust catcher, for cycle gas and environment.
In the thesis, the control system of CDQ uses the products of RockWell Company. We choose the redundancy system, and program with ControlLogix5000. The industrial computers communicate with CPU through EtherNet, and all the I/O modules combine to the CPU through ControlNet. We use RSView SE to make HMI programs. In the entire system, there are a lot of instruments which provide the function of regulation, so the thesis introduces PID control.
Combining with the technique, the thesis particularly introduces the important joint equipments and instrumentations. In the part of the furnace, it illuminates orderly, followed by the joint equipments of the coke input, the instrument in the furnace, the joint equipments of the coke expel, the regulation of output quantity of coke and the temperature control of the expelled coke. In the part of the boiler, it introduces the regulate of the water supply and the temperature of the steam. In the control of the water supply for boiler uses the regulate of three-pulse, which improves the running condition of the drum, makes small fluctuation of the drum level. Lastly, it introduces the technique about the dust catcher for cycle gas and environment.
Comparing to the Coke Wet Quenching, CDQ is excelled. Firstly, it improves the quanlity of coke, shorten the time for coke produced. Secondly, it uses the heat from red coke adequately, generates electricity, and saves energy. At last, it has efficient dust catcher, reduces the expel of injurant, and protects the environment.
本文中,干熄焦控制系统使用RockWell公司产品,采用冗余系统,选用ControlLogix5000编程软件,通过EtherNet网络连接CPU和工业控制计算机,采用ControlNet网络连接所有的I/O模块,HMI选用RSView SE。在整个系统中,很多仪表都具有调节功能,本文详细说明了ControlLogix5000中的PID控制指令。结合工艺原理,本文重点介绍干熄焦系统中重要的联动设备和仪器仪表。干熄炉部分,依次介绍了焦炭装入联动设备,干熄炉内的仪表控制,焦炭排出联动设备,焦炭排出量的调节和焦炭排出温度的控制。锅炉部分,主要介绍了锅炉给水调节和蒸汽温度调节。其中,锅炉给水控制采用了三冲量调节,改善了汽包的运行状况,使汽包的液位波动很小,液位控制非常平稳。最后介绍了干熄焦的除尘工艺,包括循环气体除尘系统和环境除尘系统。
与湿熄焦相比,干熄焦各项指标显著提升。焦炭质量明显提高,缩短结焦时间;充分利用红焦显热,产生高温蒸汽进行发电,节约能源;采取严格有效的除尘系统,降低有害物质的排放,保护环境。
Coke Dry Quenching(CDQ) is a method of cooling hot coke with inert gas. In the process of CDQ, the red coke put in at the top of the furnace. The low temperature inert gas is insufflated to the cooling layer of the furnace by the circle fan, and absorb heat from the red coke. After cooling, the coke expel from the bottom of the furnace. The high temperature inert gas from the annular flue of the furnace exchange the heat in the boiler, and it produces steam. Then, the cooled inert gas is insufflated to the furnace by the circle fan again. The inert gas is used in a closed system with recycling. The steam produced in boiler can merge into the steam duct of the factory, or generate electricity through the steam dynamo. In the part of dust, CDQ applies with the special dust catcher, for cycle gas and environment.
In the thesis, the control system of CDQ uses the products of RockWell Company. We choose the redundancy system, and program with ControlLogix5000. The industrial computers communicate with CPU through EtherNet, and all the I/O modules combine to the CPU through ControlNet. We use RSView SE to make HMI programs. In the entire system, there are a lot of instruments which provide the function of regulation, so the thesis introduces PID control.
Combining with the technique, the thesis particularly introduces the important joint equipments and instrumentations. In the part of the furnace, it illuminates orderly, followed by the joint equipments of the coke input, the instrument in the furnace, the joint equipments of the coke expel, the regulation of output quantity of coke and the temperature control of the expelled coke. In the part of the boiler, it introduces the regulate of the water supply and the temperature of the steam. In the control of the water supply for boiler uses the regulate of three-pulse, which improves the running condition of the drum, makes small fluctuation of the drum level. Lastly, it introduces the technique about the dust catcher for cycle gas and environment.
Comparing to the Coke Wet Quenching, CDQ is excelled. Firstly, it improves the quanlity of coke, shorten the time for coke produced. Secondly, it uses the heat from red coke adequately, generates electricity, and saves energy. At last, it has efficient dust catcher, reduces the expel of injurant, and protects the environment.
引文
[1]李哲浩,虞继舜,何中虹译.干法熄焦.北京冶金工业出版社, 1981.
[2]周本省.工业水处理技术.北京化学工业出版社,1997.
[3]祁鲁梁,李永存,李本高.水处理工艺与运行管理实用手册.中国石化出版社.
[4]金熙,顶成林,齐冬子.工业水处理技术问答.北京化学工业出版社,2003.
[5]林宗虎,徐通模.实用锅炉.中国化学工业出版社,1999.
[6]宋业林.锅炉实用技术.中国石化出版社,2003.
[7]李广超,付梅绮.大气污染技术.北京化学工业出版社,2003.
[8] [日]桂井诚.电工实用手册.科学出版社,2001.
[9]国家电力调度通信中心编.电力系统继电保护实用技术问答.中国电力出版社.
[10]辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永前.电机学.华中科技大学出版社,2001.
[11]何利民,尹全英.简明电工手册.中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[12]周顺荣.电机学.科学出版社,2002.
[13]徐实章.电机学.机械工业出版社,1990.
[14]陆安定.发电厂变电所及电力系统的无功功率.中国电力出版社,2003.
[15]金以慧.过程控制.清华大学出版社,2003.
[16] Rockwell Automation. ControlLogix系统用户手册.
[17] Rockwell Automation. Logix5000指令集参考手册.
[18] Rockwell Automation. RSView32用户指南.
[19] Rockwell Automation. RSViewse_User_Guide_SE使用手册.
[20] Rockwell Automation. ControlLogix冗余手册.
[21]潘立慧,魏松波.干熄焦技术.冶金工业出版社,2005.
[22]胡寿松.自动控制原理.科学出版社,2005.
[23]张健,崔雪梅,高永生.干熄焦过程自动化的开发与研究.冶金自动化,2004,28(4).
[24] Katputoka S.Otsuka J.Xasukouchi N Establishment of Coke Dry Quenching with a Coke Throughput of 200 t/h.
[25] Errera M R.Milanez L F Thermodynamic analysis of a coke dry quenching unit.
[26] Vafai K.Tien C L Boundary and Inertia Effects on Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media.
[27] Amiri A.Vafai K.Kuzay T M Effects of Boundary Conditions on Non-Darcian Heat Transfer Through Porous Media and Experimental Comparisons.
[28] Ferziger J H.Peric M Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics.
[29]方晓柯,王建辉等.ControlINet现场总线MAC层控制方法分析川,控制与决策,2004,19(9):1054-1056.
[30] Takashi M.Takeo F.Seiichiro S The coke dry quenching process as energy-saving technology.
[31] Igaki J.Uchida T.Kobayashi T.Aoyama M Simulation model of the optimum condition on coke dry quenching system operation.
[32] Wang Ching-Han How Baoshan Steel works commissioned China's first coke dry quenching plant.
[33] Jianling Zhang, Guoshun Wang.Energy saving technologies and productive efficiency in the Chinese iron and steel sector,Energy, Volume.33, Issue.4, April 2008, Pages525-537.
[34] 96/01291 Construction and operation of coke dry quenching (CDQ) for Wakayama No. 6 coke-oven battery.Fuel and Energy Abstracts, Volume 37, Issue 2, March 1996, Page 88.
[35] Marcelo Risso Errera, Luiz Fernando Milanez.Thermodynamic analysis of a coke dry quenching unit.Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 41, Issue 2, January 2000, Pages 109-127.
[36]方晓柯,王建辉等.ControlNet现场总线MAC层控制方法分析川.控制与决策,2004,19(9):1054-1056.
[37]茹锋,薛钧义.ControlNet协议的通信机理分析川.小型微型计算机系统,2003,6(6):1009-1012.
[38]周祥龙.干熄焦运焦系统的自动化控制.中国计量协会冶金分会2007年会论文集,2007.
[39]夏明,罗远秋,赵子忠.干熄焦技术及其在钢铁行业的应用[A].2007中国钢铁年会论文集[C], 2007
[40]薛改凤,许传智.干熄焦冶金性能的研究[A].2004年全国炼铁生产技术暨炼铁年会文集[C], 2004.
[2]周本省.工业水处理技术.北京化学工业出版社,1997.
[3]祁鲁梁,李永存,李本高.水处理工艺与运行管理实用手册.中国石化出版社.
[4]金熙,顶成林,齐冬子.工业水处理技术问答.北京化学工业出版社,2003.
[5]林宗虎,徐通模.实用锅炉.中国化学工业出版社,1999.
[6]宋业林.锅炉实用技术.中国石化出版社,2003.
[7]李广超,付梅绮.大气污染技术.北京化学工业出版社,2003.
[8] [日]桂井诚.电工实用手册.科学出版社,2001.
[9]国家电力调度通信中心编.电力系统继电保护实用技术问答.中国电力出版社.
[10]辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永前.电机学.华中科技大学出版社,2001.
[11]何利民,尹全英.简明电工手册.中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[12]周顺荣.电机学.科学出版社,2002.
[13]徐实章.电机学.机械工业出版社,1990.
[14]陆安定.发电厂变电所及电力系统的无功功率.中国电力出版社,2003.
[15]金以慧.过程控制.清华大学出版社,2003.
[16] Rockwell Automation. ControlLogix系统用户手册.
[17] Rockwell Automation. Logix5000指令集参考手册.
[18] Rockwell Automation. RSView32用户指南.
[19] Rockwell Automation. RSViewse_User_Guide_SE使用手册.
[20] Rockwell Automation. ControlLogix冗余手册.
[21]潘立慧,魏松波.干熄焦技术.冶金工业出版社,2005.
[22]胡寿松.自动控制原理.科学出版社,2005.
[23]张健,崔雪梅,高永生.干熄焦过程自动化的开发与研究.冶金自动化,2004,28(4).
[24] Katputoka S.Otsuka J.Xasukouchi N Establishment of Coke Dry Quenching with a Coke Throughput of 200 t/h.
[25] Errera M R.Milanez L F Thermodynamic analysis of a coke dry quenching unit.
[26] Vafai K.Tien C L Boundary and Inertia Effects on Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media.
[27] Amiri A.Vafai K.Kuzay T M Effects of Boundary Conditions on Non-Darcian Heat Transfer Through Porous Media and Experimental Comparisons.
[28] Ferziger J H.Peric M Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics.
[29]方晓柯,王建辉等.ControlINet现场总线MAC层控制方法分析川,控制与决策,2004,19(9):1054-1056.
[30] Takashi M.Takeo F.Seiichiro S The coke dry quenching process as energy-saving technology.
[31] Igaki J.Uchida T.Kobayashi T.Aoyama M Simulation model of the optimum condition on coke dry quenching system operation.
[32] Wang Ching-Han How Baoshan Steel works commissioned China's first coke dry quenching plant.
[33] Jianling Zhang, Guoshun Wang.Energy saving technologies and productive efficiency in the Chinese iron and steel sector,Energy, Volume.33, Issue.4, April 2008, Pages525-537.
[34] 96/01291 Construction and operation of coke dry quenching (CDQ) for Wakayama No. 6 coke-oven battery.Fuel and Energy Abstracts, Volume 37, Issue 2, March 1996, Page 88.
[35] Marcelo Risso Errera, Luiz Fernando Milanez.Thermodynamic analysis of a coke dry quenching unit.Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 41, Issue 2, January 2000, Pages 109-127.
[36]方晓柯,王建辉等.ControlNet现场总线MAC层控制方法分析川.控制与决策,2004,19(9):1054-1056.
[37]茹锋,薛钧义.ControlNet协议的通信机理分析川.小型微型计算机系统,2003,6(6):1009-1012.
[38]周祥龙.干熄焦运焦系统的自动化控制.中国计量协会冶金分会2007年会论文集,2007.
[39]夏明,罗远秋,赵子忠.干熄焦技术及其在钢铁行业的应用[A].2007中国钢铁年会论文集[C], 2007
[40]薛改凤,许传智.干熄焦冶金性能的研究[A].2004年全国炼铁生产技术暨炼铁年会文集[C], 2004.