基于MR阻尼器的船舶减振基座试验研究
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摘要
减振性能是体现船舶整体性能的重要指标。近年来,围绕该问题的研究已经成为舰船研究领域内的热点。目前我国使用的舰船减振元件多为被动式减振元件,如：橡胶减振器、金属减振器等。这些减振器的力学特性是固定不变的,对具体设备而言只在某些特定的频带具有较好的减振效果。而船舶设备的工作频率是不断变化的,为达到最佳减振效果要求减振基座的特性有能力随着设备工作特性的改变作出一些调整,这是传统减振基座无法做到的。本文提出了将可控阻尼元件与传统减振基座相并联进行减振基座系统设计的思想,应用现有较成熟的减振元件钢丝绳弹簧和可控阻尼元件MR阻尼器设计了减振基座,并进行了数值仿真分析和模型实验研究。研究结果表明,减振基座在各个频段都有较好的减振性能,尤其是在低频段,减振效果明显优于传统减振元件。
本论文主要进行了如下几方面的工作：
(1)基于将MR阻尼器与钢丝绳弹簧相并联的思想,以船舶主机为保护对象,进行了减振基座模型系统的设计,根据国内现有的MR阻尼器的形状特性对传统的舰船基座结构进行了合理改造；
(2)对钢丝绳减振器和MR阻尼器的力学特性进行了数值仿真分析,研究了MR阻尼器活塞与缸体间隙变化对阻尼器性能的影响。讨论了几何参数变化对钢丝绳减振器等效刚度的影响。并针对试验要求确定了MR阻尼器和钢丝绳减振器的关键参数；
(3)采用有限元方法对基座系统的振动响应进行了仿真分析。结果表明该基座系统对在低频减振方面具有明显的减振效果；
(4)基于MTS多点加载系统和LMS数据采集分析系统进行了振动模型试验设计。通过对模型激振频率、激振力幅、控制质量和MR阻尼器电流的调整进行了大量的试验。并采用PID控制方法对振动响应进行了控制。试验结果表明减振基座系统在控制结构振动方面效果明显,尤其体现在低频减振方面；
(5)基于试验中MR阻尼器的出力特点,在现有MR阻尼器力学模型研究基础之上提出了改进的Sigmoid模型。该模型表达式简练,参数较少,物理意义清晰,具有较高精度。
Perfomance of vibration reduction is an important index that evaluates holistic performance of ship. Recently, the study on this area has become the hotspot. At the present time, most of the vibration absorber components in our country are passive model,for example, rubber damper, steel wire damper,etc. However the mechanical properties of passive absorbers are mostly changeless.But for ship equipments, their working frequencies are changing, it is necessary to apply controllable vibration absorber in the equipments vibration reduction for get the best effect. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a new controllable mounting system, which is composed of intelligent power component and traditional ship absorber component in parallel. Based on this idea, the design of this mounting system is carried through using MR dampers and steel rope springs, and the characteristics of this mounting system were investigated by model tests. The results show that the damping capacity of MR damper is good in various frequency bands, especially in low-frequency. The damping effect is obviously better than traditional damping component.
In this paper, the main work contents have been done as follows:
(1)Based on the idea of putting the MR dampers and steel rope springs in parallel and taking the ship engine as protected object, an mounting system model is designed. The basement of traditional ship is altered reasonably according to the present shape characteristics of MR damper in our country.
(2)The simulation analysis on steel rope spring and MR damper's characteristics were carried out. Calculated how the gap between piston and inner surface of cylinder effects the damping force of MR and how the aspect of steel rope spring effects its stiffeness. And determined the parameters of steel rope springs used in model test.
(3)The simulation analysis on vibration responsies of mounting system were carried out. Software ANSYS was used to solve the vibration responses.
(4)Vibration model test were designed based on the MTS multiplepoint loading system and LMS data-acqusition system. A lot of load cases were used in the test by changing exciting frequency, exciting force, mass of vibration system, corrent in MR damper. And at last, PID method was adopted to control the vibration response. The experiment results indicate that the mounting system has good effect on controlling structure vibration, especially for low frequency.
(5)The model of MR damper was developed using Sigmoid model based on the charecteristicses of MR damper in model test. The physical significiance of parameters in this model are more clear and the equation is simple.
本论文主要进行了如下几方面的工作：
(1)基于将MR阻尼器与钢丝绳弹簧相并联的思想,以船舶主机为保护对象,进行了减振基座模型系统的设计,根据国内现有的MR阻尼器的形状特性对传统的舰船基座结构进行了合理改造；
(2)对钢丝绳减振器和MR阻尼器的力学特性进行了数值仿真分析,研究了MR阻尼器活塞与缸体间隙变化对阻尼器性能的影响。讨论了几何参数变化对钢丝绳减振器等效刚度的影响。并针对试验要求确定了MR阻尼器和钢丝绳减振器的关键参数；
(3)采用有限元方法对基座系统的振动响应进行了仿真分析。结果表明该基座系统对在低频减振方面具有明显的减振效果；
(4)基于MTS多点加载系统和LMS数据采集分析系统进行了振动模型试验设计。通过对模型激振频率、激振力幅、控制质量和MR阻尼器电流的调整进行了大量的试验。并采用PID控制方法对振动响应进行了控制。试验结果表明减振基座系统在控制结构振动方面效果明显,尤其体现在低频减振方面；
(5)基于试验中MR阻尼器的出力特点,在现有MR阻尼器力学模型研究基础之上提出了改进的Sigmoid模型。该模型表达式简练,参数较少,物理意义清晰,具有较高精度。
Perfomance of vibration reduction is an important index that evaluates holistic performance of ship. Recently, the study on this area has become the hotspot. At the present time, most of the vibration absorber components in our country are passive model,for example, rubber damper, steel wire damper,etc. However the mechanical properties of passive absorbers are mostly changeless.But for ship equipments, their working frequencies are changing, it is necessary to apply controllable vibration absorber in the equipments vibration reduction for get the best effect. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a new controllable mounting system, which is composed of intelligent power component and traditional ship absorber component in parallel. Based on this idea, the design of this mounting system is carried through using MR dampers and steel rope springs, and the characteristics of this mounting system were investigated by model tests. The results show that the damping capacity of MR damper is good in various frequency bands, especially in low-frequency. The damping effect is obviously better than traditional damping component.
In this paper, the main work contents have been done as follows:
(1)Based on the idea of putting the MR dampers and steel rope springs in parallel and taking the ship engine as protected object, an mounting system model is designed. The basement of traditional ship is altered reasonably according to the present shape characteristics of MR damper in our country.
(2)The simulation analysis on steel rope spring and MR damper's characteristics were carried out. Calculated how the gap between piston and inner surface of cylinder effects the damping force of MR and how the aspect of steel rope spring effects its stiffeness. And determined the parameters of steel rope springs used in model test.
(3)The simulation analysis on vibration responsies of mounting system were carried out. Software ANSYS was used to solve the vibration responses.
(4)Vibration model test were designed based on the MTS multiplepoint loading system and LMS data-acqusition system. A lot of load cases were used in the test by changing exciting frequency, exciting force, mass of vibration system, corrent in MR damper. And at last, PID method was adopted to control the vibration response. The experiment results indicate that the mounting system has good effect on controlling structure vibration, especially for low frequency.
(5)The model of MR damper was developed using Sigmoid model based on the charecteristicses of MR damper in model test. The physical significiance of parameters in this model are more clear and the equation is simple.
引文
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