吉林省新立城水库农业非点源污染系统模拟与管理策略研究
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摘要
由于近年来,随着经济全球一体化、生产效率的不断提高以及气候变迁等因素的影响和作用下,环境问题日益趋于严重,同时也吸引了越来越多的研究者参与环境治理的研究中。环境污染主要有点源与非点源两大污染类型,点源污染已经有相当丰富的治理技术和经验积累,非点源污染由于其发生范围的广泛性、成因的复杂性和模糊性、危害的滞后性以及研究治理的艰难性等特征也已成为研究的主要热点。我国作为世界的人口大国、农业大国,长期粗放型的农业生产经营模式,较低的生产力水平和环保意识,使得我国农业非点源污染隐患较深。吉林省是我国主要的粮食产区之一,其在追求粮食高产的过程中大量投施化肥农药等有机化学物质,仅农田化肥施用强度单向指标就远高于全国平均水平。为实现农业可持续发展,建立环境友好型的社会,治理和保护农业生态环境已成为迫在眉睫的主要任务。本论文是基于以上背景下展开的。
本文在构建吉林省新立城水库流域的农业非点源AnnAGNPS模型的过程中,通过数据统计计算、文献资料整理确定了构建新立城水库流域农业非点源污染模型的相关输入参数。其中包括利用STRM卫星图片建立数字高程图(DEM);利用吉林省土肥站提供的1:25万土壤信息图来提取新立城库区流域土壤参数;利用长春市土地规划局提供的新立城库区土地利用图来制作了相关的数字土地利用图;通过计算和统计数据整理确定化肥、农药、土壤可侵蚀性因子K值以及降雨侵蚀力R等主要参数的值;通过对2008年全年的气象数据进行统一输入编辑得到了关于气候数据的dayclim.inp文件。运行模型得到了流域内泥沙侵蚀量、总氮输出和总磷输出,并对降雨量同三者进行了相关分析。基于以上研究基础,提出了针对新立城水库流域非点源污染的管理策略。
In environmental pollution, the research of point source pollution has been already maturer in the domestic and foreign area, and its controlling technology and the managing experience are quite rich. Nowadays, the non-point source pollution is taking more and more attention of researchers around the world because its pollution area is big, pollution is complicated and serious compared to the point source pollution. Studies have shown that non-point source pollution is the major problem of causing surface water pollution, and the most important thing is that fertilizers, pesticides and other organic matter in agricultural process make the largest contribution to non-point source pollution.
China has large population, the government has long been in the implementation and advocacy of the policy --“food as the key link”in order to solve the problem of 1.3 billion people. As the“three treasure”of agriculture increase both production and income, pesticides,fertilizers and improved varieties are performing important roles in the process of solving the problem of grain.
However, pesticides and fertilizers brought many environment pollution problems as the same time of helping agricultural income. Many of our lakes, rivers appear ecology pollution disaster such as blue-green algae and red tide because we overused organic substances like fertilizers for a long time. As our agricultural non-point source pollution research got off to a late start, it has many long-standing problems. So it is particularly important that reducing and controlling of pollution and studying the way be suited to China agricultural non-point pollution with its managing measure.
Jilin province, as China’s important commodity grain base, is more and more dependent on large inputs of fertilizers and pesticides in recent years as the farmers wants to maximize their economic benefits with the continents improvement on grain price and production. Over fertilization and pesticide residues has already become the major killer of environmental pollution. At the same time, global warming trends are becoming more and more evident, Jilin Province where located in north-easten area have clear phenomenon in the past few years of rainfall decrease and temperature increase and so on.
As Xinlicheng reservoir is the important water supply source of Changchun City which short of water, how to protect existing surface water reservoir, ensure domestic water safety and satisfy the needs of agricultural manufacturing water are the important subject of current research, especially the agricultural non-point pollution, furthermore it has far-reaching practical significance to water pollution of Xinlicheng reservoir especially agricultural non-point pollution’s systemic research.
This paper take Changchun Xinlicheng reservoir as the object of study, investigate the natural resources, climate characteristics and social attributes as well as agricultural production of this area, and conducted a study of the following points through large amounts of data reading, data acquisition with the combination of non-point source pollution software AnnAGNPS and the support of geographical information technique GIS.
1. To set up Xinlicheng reservoir area basin agricultural non-point pollution model’s related input parameters through data count analyses and documentation arrange including digit elevation chart establishment, Xinlicheng reservoir basin soil parameter collection using 1:250,000 soil information chart from the soil department of Jilin Province, digital soil utilization chart production with the help of Xinlicheng reservoir area soil utilization from Jinlin Province soil project office. To ensure the value K the corrosive factor of fertilizers, pesticides and soil and value R the corrosive factor of rainfall and to get climate tax bureau’s dayclim.inp document through the past climate data’s unite input and edit.
2. To get this research area basin total nitrogen, the total phosphorus and silt total output through establishing and operation of Xinlicheng reservoir basin agricultural non-point pollution AnnAGNPS model. This practice study period is from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2008, during the time, total nitrogen output is 75.24 tons, total phosphorus output is 355.75 tons and the silt total output is 47596.32 tons. Months from May to Sep in a year are the major pollution load time, above 85% of the year total output.
3. The adoption of agricultural non-point source model of the reservoir area Xinlicheng basin modeling, the study area on agricultural non-point source pollution in the region, which make the region suitable for agricultural non-point source pollution management strategy. This article is based on watershed management, through the vigorous promotion and popularization of agricultural non-point source pollution of knowledge, focused on pollution in the regional construction of non-point source pollution model, as well as the construction of terraced fields in line with local conditions, isolation buffer strips, straw and other agricultural food technology to the comprehensive management of Xinlicheng reservoir non-point source pollution problems.
本文在构建吉林省新立城水库流域的农业非点源AnnAGNPS模型的过程中,通过数据统计计算、文献资料整理确定了构建新立城水库流域农业非点源污染模型的相关输入参数。其中包括利用STRM卫星图片建立数字高程图(DEM);利用吉林省土肥站提供的1:25万土壤信息图来提取新立城库区流域土壤参数;利用长春市土地规划局提供的新立城库区土地利用图来制作了相关的数字土地利用图;通过计算和统计数据整理确定化肥、农药、土壤可侵蚀性因子K值以及降雨侵蚀力R等主要参数的值;通过对2008年全年的气象数据进行统一输入编辑得到了关于气候数据的dayclim.inp文件。运行模型得到了流域内泥沙侵蚀量、总氮输出和总磷输出,并对降雨量同三者进行了相关分析。基于以上研究基础,提出了针对新立城水库流域非点源污染的管理策略。
In environmental pollution, the research of point source pollution has been already maturer in the domestic and foreign area, and its controlling technology and the managing experience are quite rich. Nowadays, the non-point source pollution is taking more and more attention of researchers around the world because its pollution area is big, pollution is complicated and serious compared to the point source pollution. Studies have shown that non-point source pollution is the major problem of causing surface water pollution, and the most important thing is that fertilizers, pesticides and other organic matter in agricultural process make the largest contribution to non-point source pollution.
China has large population, the government has long been in the implementation and advocacy of the policy --“food as the key link”in order to solve the problem of 1.3 billion people. As the“three treasure”of agriculture increase both production and income, pesticides,fertilizers and improved varieties are performing important roles in the process of solving the problem of grain.
However, pesticides and fertilizers brought many environment pollution problems as the same time of helping agricultural income. Many of our lakes, rivers appear ecology pollution disaster such as blue-green algae and red tide because we overused organic substances like fertilizers for a long time. As our agricultural non-point source pollution research got off to a late start, it has many long-standing problems. So it is particularly important that reducing and controlling of pollution and studying the way be suited to China agricultural non-point pollution with its managing measure.
Jilin province, as China’s important commodity grain base, is more and more dependent on large inputs of fertilizers and pesticides in recent years as the farmers wants to maximize their economic benefits with the continents improvement on grain price and production. Over fertilization and pesticide residues has already become the major killer of environmental pollution. At the same time, global warming trends are becoming more and more evident, Jilin Province where located in north-easten area have clear phenomenon in the past few years of rainfall decrease and temperature increase and so on.
As Xinlicheng reservoir is the important water supply source of Changchun City which short of water, how to protect existing surface water reservoir, ensure domestic water safety and satisfy the needs of agricultural manufacturing water are the important subject of current research, especially the agricultural non-point pollution, furthermore it has far-reaching practical significance to water pollution of Xinlicheng reservoir especially agricultural non-point pollution’s systemic research.
This paper take Changchun Xinlicheng reservoir as the object of study, investigate the natural resources, climate characteristics and social attributes as well as agricultural production of this area, and conducted a study of the following points through large amounts of data reading, data acquisition with the combination of non-point source pollution software AnnAGNPS and the support of geographical information technique GIS.
1. To set up Xinlicheng reservoir area basin agricultural non-point pollution model’s related input parameters through data count analyses and documentation arrange including digit elevation chart establishment, Xinlicheng reservoir basin soil parameter collection using 1:250,000 soil information chart from the soil department of Jilin Province, digital soil utilization chart production with the help of Xinlicheng reservoir area soil utilization from Jinlin Province soil project office. To ensure the value K the corrosive factor of fertilizers, pesticides and soil and value R the corrosive factor of rainfall and to get climate tax bureau’s dayclim.inp document through the past climate data’s unite input and edit.
2. To get this research area basin total nitrogen, the total phosphorus and silt total output through establishing and operation of Xinlicheng reservoir basin agricultural non-point pollution AnnAGNPS model. This practice study period is from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2008, during the time, total nitrogen output is 75.24 tons, total phosphorus output is 355.75 tons and the silt total output is 47596.32 tons. Months from May to Sep in a year are the major pollution load time, above 85% of the year total output.
3. The adoption of agricultural non-point source model of the reservoir area Xinlicheng basin modeling, the study area on agricultural non-point source pollution in the region, which make the region suitable for agricultural non-point source pollution management strategy. This article is based on watershed management, through the vigorous promotion and popularization of agricultural non-point source pollution of knowledge, focused on pollution in the regional construction of non-point source pollution model, as well as the construction of terraced fields in line with local conditions, isolation buffer strips, straw and other agricultural food technology to the comprehensive management of Xinlicheng reservoir non-point source pollution problems.
引文
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