水煤浆流变特性及其检测技术研究
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摘要
流变特性是衡量水煤浆质量的重要指标之一,对水煤浆的传输、存储与雾化起着关键作用。然而目前常用的流变特性测量方法：旋转粘度计法与毛细管流法并不适合在线应用,况且水煤浆拥有明显的触变性,这两种方法的测量结果,并不能反映生产线上浆体的实际流变特性。因此寻求一种新的水煤浆流变特性的在线检测方法具有重要的现实意义。
本文从水煤浆的流变特性入手,指出实用的水煤浆应当具有的流变特性为：具有一定屈服应力,呈假塑性或微弱胀塑性,并且具有较低的表观粘度。针对这些特点,研究对比了多种非牛顿流体的本构方程,结果表明,对于中等剪切率的水煤浆使用宾汉模型、屈服幂率模型与Casson模型都具有较高的拟合度,并指出这些模型都只能在消除了触变性的情况下使用。本文随后对水煤浆的触变性进行了理论研究,新提出了一个水煤浆的触变模型,其结果与实验数据吻合较好。在研究了水煤浆流变特性的影响因素后,首次将BP人工神经网络的方法应用在水煤浆的流变特性预测上,取得了比幂率模型更好的效果。
根据水煤浆流变特性的研究,论文对水煤浆在管道传输中的流场分布进行了理论分析,并从多相流匀质传输的角度指出管道传输水煤浆应当为稳定层流,具有栓塞流区,并计算了流速范围。在此研究基础上,提出了一种动刀式水煤浆流变特性测量方法；使用非牛顿流体力学与边界层原理对该方法进行了理论分析,得到了动力学模型,给出了流变参数的测量方法；研究了测试点位置与驱动力大小的选择问题；理论分析了栓塞流速对测量结果的影响并提出了使用电磁流量计测量栓塞流流速来进行速度补偿的方法。考虑到水煤浆在管道传输中会产生滑移,影响流速测量,因而提出了一种使用光学相关的滑移速度测量方法。研究了测量原理,探头结构尺寸等问题,针对探头对流动噪声的滤波作用提出了二维相关算法的解决方案,并使用极性相关算法以提高计算速度。论文还对刀体形状改进、驱动力的实现、遮光脉冲电路的设计、密度检测、标定方法等问题进行了研究,最后进行了系统误差分析。
动刀式流变特性检测法与光学相关法滑移速度测量法都具有一定的创新性与使用价值,能够解决目前水煤浆生产缺少有效的快速流变特性在线检测方法的问题。并能够推广到其他浆体的在线测量中,具有广泛的应用前景。
Rheological characteristics are one of the most important indicators for quantity evaluation of coal water slurry, refer as CWS. It plays a key role for in the process of transport, storage and atomization of CWS. The commonly used rheological characteristics measurement methods are the rotational rheometer and capillary rheometer, which are not suitable for on-line operation. Consider of the thixotropy of CWS, the measuring results of these methods cannot reflect the actual rheological characteristics of the CWS in the production line. So that it has practical significance to find a new on-line measurement method for rheological characteristics of CWS.
Starting with the analysis of rheological characteristics of CWS, it pointed out that the practical CWS should possess yield point, exhibit regions of pseudo-plastic behavior or little dilatants, and has low apparent viscosity. Consider of these, a lot of constitutive equations for non-Newtonian fluid were analyzed and compared with. The result show that the Bingham fluid model, the yield power law model and the Casson model are also with high goodness-of-fitting for CWS at moderate shear rates, and these model are function only when thixotropy effect is removed. Theory analysis of the thixotropy of CWS was processed then, and a thixotropy model of CWS was proposed. This model fit experiment data very well. After the study of the influence factor of the rheological characteristics of CWS, BP neural network was used for predicting rheological characteristics of CWS for the first time, and it has better effect than the Yield Power.
According to the study of the rheological characteristics of CWS, the flow field distribution in the pipeline transports was analyzed in the dissertation. For steady transportation of multi-phase flow, it is point out that it is should be steady laminar flow and with plug flow for CWS in the pipeline transports. The velocity range was calculated. Base on the previous research, a moving-blade rheological characteristics measurement method for CWS was proposed. The method is studied base on non-Newtonian fluid mechanics theory and boundary layer theory, the dynamics model was achieved, and the rheological characteristics measurement model was given. The chosen problems of sampling position and the value of driven force were studied. And the plug flow influence to the measuring result was studied also. A plug flow measurement method was proposed in order to implement speed compensation for the moving-blade rheological characteristics measurement method. Consider to the influent of the slip effect of pipe flow. An optical cross-correlation slip speed measurement method was proposed. The measurement principle and the probe structure was study. In order to solve the integral filter effect of the optical fiber probe to the flow noise of CWS,2-D cross-correlation arithmetic was proposed, and polarity cross-correlation arithmetic was used to improve computing speed. In the dissertation, the blade shape improve method, the shading pulse processing circuits designing, the density measurement method and calibration method were studied also. The error analysis was done at last.
The moving-blade rheological characteristics measurement method and the optical cross-correlation slip speed measurement method are innovative and with practical value, they could solve the problem that there is lack of fast and effective on-line rheological characteristics measurement method for CWS product process. These methods could also extend to on-line measure the rheological characteristics of other fluid, have broad application prospects.
本文从水煤浆的流变特性入手,指出实用的水煤浆应当具有的流变特性为：具有一定屈服应力,呈假塑性或微弱胀塑性,并且具有较低的表观粘度。针对这些特点,研究对比了多种非牛顿流体的本构方程,结果表明,对于中等剪切率的水煤浆使用宾汉模型、屈服幂率模型与Casson模型都具有较高的拟合度,并指出这些模型都只能在消除了触变性的情况下使用。本文随后对水煤浆的触变性进行了理论研究,新提出了一个水煤浆的触变模型,其结果与实验数据吻合较好。在研究了水煤浆流变特性的影响因素后,首次将BP人工神经网络的方法应用在水煤浆的流变特性预测上,取得了比幂率模型更好的效果。
根据水煤浆流变特性的研究,论文对水煤浆在管道传输中的流场分布进行了理论分析,并从多相流匀质传输的角度指出管道传输水煤浆应当为稳定层流,具有栓塞流区,并计算了流速范围。在此研究基础上,提出了一种动刀式水煤浆流变特性测量方法；使用非牛顿流体力学与边界层原理对该方法进行了理论分析,得到了动力学模型,给出了流变参数的测量方法；研究了测试点位置与驱动力大小的选择问题；理论分析了栓塞流速对测量结果的影响并提出了使用电磁流量计测量栓塞流流速来进行速度补偿的方法。考虑到水煤浆在管道传输中会产生滑移,影响流速测量,因而提出了一种使用光学相关的滑移速度测量方法。研究了测量原理,探头结构尺寸等问题,针对探头对流动噪声的滤波作用提出了二维相关算法的解决方案,并使用极性相关算法以提高计算速度。论文还对刀体形状改进、驱动力的实现、遮光脉冲电路的设计、密度检测、标定方法等问题进行了研究,最后进行了系统误差分析。
动刀式流变特性检测法与光学相关法滑移速度测量法都具有一定的创新性与使用价值,能够解决目前水煤浆生产缺少有效的快速流变特性在线检测方法的问题。并能够推广到其他浆体的在线测量中,具有广泛的应用前景。
Rheological characteristics are one of the most important indicators for quantity evaluation of coal water slurry, refer as CWS. It plays a key role for in the process of transport, storage and atomization of CWS. The commonly used rheological characteristics measurement methods are the rotational rheometer and capillary rheometer, which are not suitable for on-line operation. Consider of the thixotropy of CWS, the measuring results of these methods cannot reflect the actual rheological characteristics of the CWS in the production line. So that it has practical significance to find a new on-line measurement method for rheological characteristics of CWS.
Starting with the analysis of rheological characteristics of CWS, it pointed out that the practical CWS should possess yield point, exhibit regions of pseudo-plastic behavior or little dilatants, and has low apparent viscosity. Consider of these, a lot of constitutive equations for non-Newtonian fluid were analyzed and compared with. The result show that the Bingham fluid model, the yield power law model and the Casson model are also with high goodness-of-fitting for CWS at moderate shear rates, and these model are function only when thixotropy effect is removed. Theory analysis of the thixotropy of CWS was processed then, and a thixotropy model of CWS was proposed. This model fit experiment data very well. After the study of the influence factor of the rheological characteristics of CWS, BP neural network was used for predicting rheological characteristics of CWS for the first time, and it has better effect than the Yield Power.
According to the study of the rheological characteristics of CWS, the flow field distribution in the pipeline transports was analyzed in the dissertation. For steady transportation of multi-phase flow, it is point out that it is should be steady laminar flow and with plug flow for CWS in the pipeline transports. The velocity range was calculated. Base on the previous research, a moving-blade rheological characteristics measurement method for CWS was proposed. The method is studied base on non-Newtonian fluid mechanics theory and boundary layer theory, the dynamics model was achieved, and the rheological characteristics measurement model was given. The chosen problems of sampling position and the value of driven force were studied. And the plug flow influence to the measuring result was studied also. A plug flow measurement method was proposed in order to implement speed compensation for the moving-blade rheological characteristics measurement method. Consider to the influent of the slip effect of pipe flow. An optical cross-correlation slip speed measurement method was proposed. The measurement principle and the probe structure was study. In order to solve the integral filter effect of the optical fiber probe to the flow noise of CWS,2-D cross-correlation arithmetic was proposed, and polarity cross-correlation arithmetic was used to improve computing speed. In the dissertation, the blade shape improve method, the shading pulse processing circuits designing, the density measurement method and calibration method were studied also. The error analysis was done at last.
The moving-blade rheological characteristics measurement method and the optical cross-correlation slip speed measurement method are innovative and with practical value, they could solve the problem that there is lack of fast and effective on-line rheological characteristics measurement method for CWS product process. These methods could also extend to on-line measure the rheological characteristics of other fluid, have broad application prospects.
引文
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