动力卡瓦的结构设计及其参数优化
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摘要
在目前国内修井作业过程中,井口操作还是以手工操作为主,此种作业工人劳动强度大,容易造成重大工程和人身事故。因此,国内出现了大量的自动化井口设备,动力卡瓦是自动化修井作业设备的重要组成部分。
首先,介绍了国内外卡瓦的现状以及发展过程,总结了动力卡瓦结构设计要点。其次,建立单轴载荷下金属的应力—应变特征及其理想化模型,讨论了金属典型基本应力—应变关系;根据建立的模型推出一般应力状态的初始屈服条件,Tresca准则和Von Mises准则;推出了屈服条件的函数,提出了三种描述强化材料的加载面形成方法。
介绍了概率法机械设计特点,两种可靠度的一般表达式,即应力强度为指数分布和正态分布,以及受不稳定变应力疲劳强度的计算。
最后,本文对卡瓦主要部件进行了有限元分析和动力学分析。讨论了卡瓦牙的几个重要几何参数与卡紧效果的关系,其中包括:卡牙张角、卡牙高度、卡牙间距、吃入深度;讨论了卡瓦体、卡瓦座的失效形式以及影响卡瓦工作可靠性的因素;利用正交优化法进行了各种组合的优化,并得出较为理想的优化组合。
In the current domestic workover operations process, the Wellhead operations is mainly manual operations, the labor intensity of workers is too large, easily lead to major projects and personal accident. Thus, in China appeared a large number of automated wellhead equipments. Power Slip is an important part of the device.
Firstly, This paper introduces the status of Slips, and the development process, summarizes the design features of the power slips.
Secondly, establish of the metal under uniaxial loading the stress - strain characteristics and idealized models, and discuss a typical basic metal stress - strain relationship; according to the established model ,reach the general state of stress the initial yield condition,Tresca criterion and Von Mises criterion; Introduced a function of subsequent yield condition, and proposed three kinds of loading method that describing the formation of reinforced materials.
Describes the features of probability method mechanical design,two kinds of reliability of the general expression, the stress intensity for the exponential distribution and normal distribution, and the calculation of affected by the unstable alternating stress fatigue strength.
Finally, This paper analyzes the main parts of Power Slips, using the finite element analysis and Msc.Adams,including: slips tooth angle, slips tooth height, slips tooth spacing, eating into the pipe’s depth; discussed the slip body, slip seat invalidation modality and factors affecting the reliability of slip work; optimize a variety of combination using Orthogonal optimization method.
首先,介绍了国内外卡瓦的现状以及发展过程,总结了动力卡瓦结构设计要点。其次,建立单轴载荷下金属的应力—应变特征及其理想化模型,讨论了金属典型基本应力—应变关系;根据建立的模型推出一般应力状态的初始屈服条件,Tresca准则和Von Mises准则;推出了屈服条件的函数,提出了三种描述强化材料的加载面形成方法。
介绍了概率法机械设计特点,两种可靠度的一般表达式,即应力强度为指数分布和正态分布,以及受不稳定变应力疲劳强度的计算。
最后,本文对卡瓦主要部件进行了有限元分析和动力学分析。讨论了卡瓦牙的几个重要几何参数与卡紧效果的关系,其中包括:卡牙张角、卡牙高度、卡牙间距、吃入深度;讨论了卡瓦体、卡瓦座的失效形式以及影响卡瓦工作可靠性的因素;利用正交优化法进行了各种组合的优化,并得出较为理想的优化组合。
In the current domestic workover operations process, the Wellhead operations is mainly manual operations, the labor intensity of workers is too large, easily lead to major projects and personal accident. Thus, in China appeared a large number of automated wellhead equipments. Power Slip is an important part of the device.
Firstly, This paper introduces the status of Slips, and the development process, summarizes the design features of the power slips.
Secondly, establish of the metal under uniaxial loading the stress - strain characteristics and idealized models, and discuss a typical basic metal stress - strain relationship; according to the established model ,reach the general state of stress the initial yield condition,Tresca criterion and Von Mises criterion; Introduced a function of subsequent yield condition, and proposed three kinds of loading method that describing the formation of reinforced materials.
Describes the features of probability method mechanical design,two kinds of reliability of the general expression, the stress intensity for the exponential distribution and normal distribution, and the calculation of affected by the unstable alternating stress fatigue strength.
Finally, This paper analyzes the main parts of Power Slips, using the finite element analysis and Msc.Adams,including: slips tooth angle, slips tooth height, slips tooth spacing, eating into the pipe’s depth; discussed the slip body, slip seat invalidation modality and factors affecting the reliability of slip work; optimize a variety of combination using Orthogonal optimization method.
引文
[1]杜晓瑞等.钻井工具手册[M].北京石油工业出版社,1999.13～14
[2]冉秀玲.三向卡紧液动卡瓦装置[P].中国专利:90106685.0,1991-1-9
[3]臧勇,潘小川.油套管抗挤毁性的初始后屈曲进行了理论分析[J].北京科技大学学报,1997,19(3):291～294
[4]马颖丽.管子挤毁计算的简化公式[J].国外油田工程,1997:41～43
[5]庞浩.嵌入式卡瓦结构参数分析与应用[J].浙江万里学院学报,2006,13(2):30～32
[6]王志安.油田修井作业气动卡盘[J].中国安全科学学报,2001,11(2):57～59
[7]王忆川,储明来,丁建林.石油钻柱气动卡瓦[P].中国专利:03221040,2003-4-9
[8]储明来,丁建林.气动套管卡瓦的研制与应用[J].石油机械,2006,34(9):68～70
[9]崔时光.油田修井自动作业装置[P].中国专利:200410036305.4,2005-04-27
[10]胡少韵,殷新胜.复式液压夹持器[P].中国专利:02224484,2003-1-1
[11]四川石油管理局.一种不压井起下井内串装置[P].中国专利:02133948.1,2003-3-19
[12]王勇等.动力卡瓦夹持区钻具防失效技术[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(3):113～115
[13]张宝增等.修井作业中的自动起下管柱系统探讨[J].石油机械,2007, 36(4):22～25
[14] H olger Kinzel,Kurt Buettn2er,2Manfred Jaensch.Gripping without Slipping The Safe Handling and Runninof Chrome Pipe with Hard Surfaces[R].IADC/ SP77243 ,2002.
[15]王红杰等.自锁式防顶卡瓦[P].中国专利:200520000276.6,2006-5-3
[16]赵海娜.油田钻井新型启动卡瓦的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[17]刘卫亮.不同齿面卡瓦对钻机夹紧力的影响探讨[J].矿业安全与环保,2007,34(增刊):81～83
[18]夏祖国,孙亦蓬,李季星,刘明国.微牙痕下套管技术在川东北高含硫气田的应用[J].石油机械,2008,36(7):69～71
[19]朱海燕等.钻杆卡瓦牙板齿形设计[J].石油机械,2008,36 (11):68～70
[20] Campisi, etal. Power slip.美国专利:7,419,008, September 2, 2008
[21] V -tech. Wedge Device[P].挪威专利:WO 2007/126319 A1,November 11,2007
[22]谢永金.我国修井机发展的技术现状与展望[J].石油机械,2005,33(10):72～75
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[24] SY/ T5049-91,钻井卡瓦[S]
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[26] 1SY/ T5080– 20041,石油钻机和修井机用转盘[S]
[27]白金泽,孙秦,郭英男.应用ANSYS进行复杂结构应力分析[J].机械科学与技术,2003, 22(3): 441~446
[28]江克斌,屠义强,绍飞.结构分析有限元原理及ANSYS实现[M].国防工业出版社, 2005: 192~209
[29] Bojan Dolsak, Anton Jezernik. A Knowledge Base for Finite Element Mesh Design[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. 1994, (9): 19~27
[30]伍开松等.求解楔类接触问题的ANSYS方法评价[J].机械,2008,35(7):32～34
[31]许金泉,陈永清,杨震.板材自由表面受法向集中力时的理论解[J].固体力学学报,2004,25(4): 394～398.
[32]禹奇才.一类楔形体的通解[J].海南大学学报自然科学版,1996,14(2):130～133
[33]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].第三版.河北:高等教育出版社,1990.77~81
[34]刘亚民.摩擦力与摩擦系数的几点性质[J].呼伦贝尔学院学报,2006,14(4):67～68
[35]余天庆等.弹性与塑性力学[M].第一版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.38～42
[36] Chen W F,Mizuno E.Nonliner Analysis in Soil Mechanics[J].Amsteram:Elsevier, 1990:661
[37] S aint Venant.Memoire sur l’etablissement des equztions differentielles des mouvemnents interieurs operes dans les corps solides ductiles au dela des limites ou I’elasticite pourrait les ramener a leur premier etat[J].Compr.Rend,1870(70):473~480
[38] Chen W F,Yamaguchi E and Zhang H.On the Loading Criteria in the Theory of Plasticity[J].Computers& Structures,1991,21(3):173~192
[39] Dafalias Y F and Popov E P.A Model for Nonlinearly Hardening Materials for Complex Loading[J].Acta Mechanica,1975,21(3):173~192
[40] Coulomb C A. Sur une application des tegles de maximis et minimis a quelques de statique relatifs al’architecture[J].Acad R Sci.Mem Math Phys par drivers svants,1973(7):343~382
[41] Yamaguchi E and Chen W.F. Cracking Model for Fimite Element Snalysis of Concrete Materials[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1990(6):1242~1260
[42] M roz Z,Norris V A,Zienkiewicz O C.An Anisotropic Hardening Model for Soils and Its Application to Cyclic Loading[J].Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1978(2):203~231
[43] P rager W.The Theory of Plasticity:A Survey of Recent Achieve ments.(James Clayton lecture).Pceedings of Insrirurion of Mechanical Engineering,1955,69(41):3~19
[44]王优强,张嗣伟.连续油管的挤毁压力分析[J].OIL FIELD EQUIPMENT,1999, 28(2):37～40
[45]田洪亮,胡少韵.沟槽式卡瓦与钻杆摩擦系数的试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003, 31(1):62～64
[46]贾毅朝.摩擦与摩擦系数的分析[J].运城学报,2006, 24(2):60～61
[47]张树森.机械制造工程学[M].第一版.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2003.53～58
[48]张绪祥.一种摩擦系数计算方法[J].机械设计与制造,2006, (3):44～45
[49] T ool Pusher’s Manual,9th Edition,API Dnllpipe Standards,Care and Handling Seetion B-3,API Publication,Washington D C,1981
[50]崔孝秉,张宏,韩新利,宋治.卡瓦内悬挂管柱弹性承载能力与计算[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(1):62～65
[51] M . K. Rahman, M. M. Hossain, S. S. Rahman. Survival Assessment of Diemarked Drill Pipes: Integrated Static and Fatigue Analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis[J]. 1999,(6): 277～299
[52] S huanlu Lu, Yaorong Feng, Faqian Luo, Changyi Qin, Xinhu Wang. Failure anslysis of IEU Drill Pipe Wash out. International Journal of Fatigue[J]. 2005, (27): 1360～1365
[53]王超等.机械可靠性工程[M].第一版.河北:冶金工业出版社,1992.145～156
[54] Chetan Shukla, Michelle Bazquez, And. F. Frank Chen. VirtualManufacruring: An Overview. Computers ind. Engng[J]. 1996, 31 (1):79~82
[55] Gianni Ferretti, GianAntonio Magnani, Paolo Rocco. Virtual Prototyping of echatronic Systems. Annual Review in Control. 2004,(28): 193~206
[56]张浩,冯长建.基于Solidworks软件的虚拟样机技术及其应用[J].煤矿机械,2004,(9): 67~69
[57]李彩霞,王彪.基于Solidworks的虚拟装配的研究[J].机械管理开发,2005,(1):85～86
[58]阮静,郗向儒,韩锐.基于SolidWorks开发的机构运动方案设计虚拟实验系统[J].山东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,18(1):66～69
[59]江洪等.Solidworks动画演示与运动分析实例解析[M].第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.251～254
[60]茹薛,高家美.非对称楔形体在楔面受一段均布力作用的弹性应力[J].解焦作大学学报,1999,(2):63～67
[61]徐仲安等.正交试验设计法简介[J].科技情报开发与经济,2002,12(5):148～150
[2]冉秀玲.三向卡紧液动卡瓦装置[P].中国专利:90106685.0,1991-1-9
[3]臧勇,潘小川.油套管抗挤毁性的初始后屈曲进行了理论分析[J].北京科技大学学报,1997,19(3):291～294
[4]马颖丽.管子挤毁计算的简化公式[J].国外油田工程,1997:41～43
[5]庞浩.嵌入式卡瓦结构参数分析与应用[J].浙江万里学院学报,2006,13(2):30～32
[6]王志安.油田修井作业气动卡盘[J].中国安全科学学报,2001,11(2):57～59
[7]王忆川,储明来,丁建林.石油钻柱气动卡瓦[P].中国专利:03221040,2003-4-9
[8]储明来,丁建林.气动套管卡瓦的研制与应用[J].石油机械,2006,34(9):68～70
[9]崔时光.油田修井自动作业装置[P].中国专利:200410036305.4,2005-04-27
[10]胡少韵,殷新胜.复式液压夹持器[P].中国专利:02224484,2003-1-1
[11]四川石油管理局.一种不压井起下井内串装置[P].中国专利:02133948.1,2003-3-19
[12]王勇等.动力卡瓦夹持区钻具防失效技术[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(3):113～115
[13]张宝增等.修井作业中的自动起下管柱系统探讨[J].石油机械,2007, 36(4):22～25
[14] H olger Kinzel,Kurt Buettn2er,2Manfred Jaensch.Gripping without Slipping The Safe Handling and Runninof Chrome Pipe with Hard Surfaces[R].IADC/ SP77243 ,2002.
[15]王红杰等.自锁式防顶卡瓦[P].中国专利:200520000276.6,2006-5-3
[16]赵海娜.油田钻井新型启动卡瓦的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[17]刘卫亮.不同齿面卡瓦对钻机夹紧力的影响探讨[J].矿业安全与环保,2007,34(增刊):81～83
[18]夏祖国,孙亦蓬,李季星,刘明国.微牙痕下套管技术在川东北高含硫气田的应用[J].石油机械,2008,36(7):69～71
[19]朱海燕等.钻杆卡瓦牙板齿形设计[J].石油机械,2008,36 (11):68～70
[20] Campisi, etal. Power slip.美国专利:7,419,008, September 2, 2008
[21] V -tech. Wedge Device[P].挪威专利:WO 2007/126319 A1,November 11,2007
[22]谢永金.我国修井机发展的技术现状与展望[J].石油机械,2005,33(10):72～75
[23]姚春冬,董世民.石油钻采机械[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.96～110
[24] SY/ T5049-91,钻井卡瓦[S]
[25]王万,俊良夫.钻井楔形卡钻机理分析[J].钻采工艺, 1996, 19(6): 13~17
[26] 1SY/ T5080– 20041,石油钻机和修井机用转盘[S]
[27]白金泽,孙秦,郭英男.应用ANSYS进行复杂结构应力分析[J].机械科学与技术,2003, 22(3): 441~446
[28]江克斌,屠义强,绍飞.结构分析有限元原理及ANSYS实现[M].国防工业出版社, 2005: 192~209
[29] Bojan Dolsak, Anton Jezernik. A Knowledge Base for Finite Element Mesh Design[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. 1994, (9): 19~27
[30]伍开松等.求解楔类接触问题的ANSYS方法评价[J].机械,2008,35(7):32～34
[31]许金泉,陈永清,杨震.板材自由表面受法向集中力时的理论解[J].固体力学学报,2004,25(4): 394～398.
[32]禹奇才.一类楔形体的通解[J].海南大学学报自然科学版,1996,14(2):130～133
[33]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].第三版.河北:高等教育出版社,1990.77~81
[34]刘亚民.摩擦力与摩擦系数的几点性质[J].呼伦贝尔学院学报,2006,14(4):67～68
[35]余天庆等.弹性与塑性力学[M].第一版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.38～42
[36] Chen W F,Mizuno E.Nonliner Analysis in Soil Mechanics[J].Amsteram:Elsevier, 1990:661
[37] S aint Venant.Memoire sur l’etablissement des equztions differentielles des mouvemnents interieurs operes dans les corps solides ductiles au dela des limites ou I’elasticite pourrait les ramener a leur premier etat[J].Compr.Rend,1870(70):473~480
[38] Chen W F,Yamaguchi E and Zhang H.On the Loading Criteria in the Theory of Plasticity[J].Computers& Structures,1991,21(3):173~192
[39] Dafalias Y F and Popov E P.A Model for Nonlinearly Hardening Materials for Complex Loading[J].Acta Mechanica,1975,21(3):173~192
[40] Coulomb C A. Sur une application des tegles de maximis et minimis a quelques de statique relatifs al’architecture[J].Acad R Sci.Mem Math Phys par drivers svants,1973(7):343~382
[41] Yamaguchi E and Chen W.F. Cracking Model for Fimite Element Snalysis of Concrete Materials[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1990(6):1242~1260
[42] M roz Z,Norris V A,Zienkiewicz O C.An Anisotropic Hardening Model for Soils and Its Application to Cyclic Loading[J].Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1978(2):203~231
[43] P rager W.The Theory of Plasticity:A Survey of Recent Achieve ments.(James Clayton lecture).Pceedings of Insrirurion of Mechanical Engineering,1955,69(41):3~19
[44]王优强,张嗣伟.连续油管的挤毁压力分析[J].OIL FIELD EQUIPMENT,1999, 28(2):37～40
[45]田洪亮,胡少韵.沟槽式卡瓦与钻杆摩擦系数的试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003, 31(1):62～64
[46]贾毅朝.摩擦与摩擦系数的分析[J].运城学报,2006, 24(2):60～61
[47]张树森.机械制造工程学[M].第一版.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2003.53～58
[48]张绪祥.一种摩擦系数计算方法[J].机械设计与制造,2006, (3):44～45
[49] T ool Pusher’s Manual,9th Edition,API Dnllpipe Standards,Care and Handling Seetion B-3,API Publication,Washington D C,1981
[50]崔孝秉,张宏,韩新利,宋治.卡瓦内悬挂管柱弹性承载能力与计算[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(1):62～65
[51] M . K. Rahman, M. M. Hossain, S. S. Rahman. Survival Assessment of Diemarked Drill Pipes: Integrated Static and Fatigue Analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis[J]. 1999,(6): 277～299
[52] S huanlu Lu, Yaorong Feng, Faqian Luo, Changyi Qin, Xinhu Wang. Failure anslysis of IEU Drill Pipe Wash out. International Journal of Fatigue[J]. 2005, (27): 1360～1365
[53]王超等.机械可靠性工程[M].第一版.河北:冶金工业出版社,1992.145～156
[54] Chetan Shukla, Michelle Bazquez, And. F. Frank Chen. VirtualManufacruring: An Overview. Computers ind. Engng[J]. 1996, 31 (1):79~82
[55] Gianni Ferretti, GianAntonio Magnani, Paolo Rocco. Virtual Prototyping of echatronic Systems. Annual Review in Control. 2004,(28): 193~206
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