论科技与奥运的契合
摘要
本文以STS分析方法、哲学分析方法、历史分析方法和案例分析方法为基本的研究方法,在对科技与奥运关系形成过程的历史考察和现实考察的基础上,对二者的相互关系及其关系模式进行了较为深入的研究。
通过对奥运发展历史的深度分析,我们不难发现,科技与奥运的关系越来越密切,并已经形成了一种共生的契合体,表现出某种契合态。
论文考证了科技与奥运契合的过程,对二者契合现象进行了客观的分析,得出了如下的基本结论：首先,科技与奥运的契合是奥运与科技相互关系发展的必然结果。奥运自身发展所产生的各种需求,与科技能够为奥运提供巨大支持之间产生了契合点,不断密切的合作关系,最终使科技与奥运完成了契合过程。其次,科技与奥运的契合是具有客观必然性的,是奥运科技化、科技奥运化和科技奥运一体化发展的必然结果。二者之间的契合是在技术理性与体育理性契合的基础上,在外部动因——功利性契合和内部动因——价值契合的双重作用下完成的。
论文将科技与奥运契合的各种环境进行了剖析,发现：二者之间的契合是在借助一定的路径基础上完成的。概括起来讲,科技与奥运契合的路径有三条：一是奥运科技的创新与研发路径,以创新和研发为契合的起点,推动奥运科技体系的逐步建立；二是科技产业化路径,具体包括奥运支撑科技产业化路径、奥运环境产业化路径、运动科技产业化路径和基于产业链群构建路径。其含义是,科技借助于奥运平台,完成了产业化发展的过程；三是民生科技服务路径,这是二者契合的价值基础,其规定着奥运科技的价值核心为民生问题的关怀。
分析了北京构建的奥运模式的特殊性,认为：北京奥运会构建了具有突出中国特色的科技与奥运契合的模式——科技奥运模式。这个模式是在经历了科技奥运由现象到口号、由口号到理念、由理念到国家战略的发展过程的基础上,逐步形成的。科技奥运模式由四个基本层级结构构成：理念层级结构、战略层级结构、机构层级结构和路径层级结构。在这个模式的运行过程中,奥运发展需求机制、市场发展需求机制和举办国(城市)发展需求机制一同构成了科技奥运模式内在的运行机制。
在科技与人文对立的背景下,讨论了科技奥运、绿色奥运和人文奥运三者之间的关系问题,认为：三者之间存在着辩证统一关系,三者之间相互作用、相互影响、相互支持,构成了一个统一整体——科技为工具,绿色为标准,人文为目的三大理念体系,而对人的价值关怀是科技与奥运契合的价值基础。
从契合广度和契合深度两个角度分析了科技与奥运契合的度的问题：从契合广度上来看,科技与奥运的契合经历了点的契合、线的契合和场的契合三个阶段,并最终完成了契合的扩散——由专业的契合领域向普通民众的契合领域的扩散,民生科技服务体系的构建成为契合扩散完成的标志；从契合深度来看,存在着浅度契合、深度契合和过度契合的现象,而过度契合的形成则引发了奥运发展的风险问题。过度契合产生了契合的风险：工具理性过度张扬,功利性目标被放大,奥运精神产生了某种的背离以及价值基础遭到破坏——人文关怀弱化。
在此基础上,提出了规避科技与奥运契合的风险的设想和建议。首先必须建立防止二者过度契合的预警机制,严格控制契合,以弘扬人文精神为基本手段明确二者契合的价值基础,以消解二者之间契合的风险。
Based on STS analysis, philosophical analysis, historical analysis and case analysis for the basic research methods as well as based on the inspection on the formed process of the relations between the technology and Olympic Games from the angle of history and reality, this article explores the correlation and its mode of the technology and Olympic Games more in depth.
By the deep analysis of the development history of Olympic Games, it's not very difficult to find out that the relationship between the technology and Olympic Games is increasingly closed and has became to be a coincidence.
This article reviews and testifies the process of the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games and makes an objective analysis for the phenomenon and achieves the basic conclusion as follows:the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games has its historical necessity and objective necessity. Firstly, the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games is the inevitable outcomes of the development of correlation between technology and Olympics. Together with the increasingly closed cooperation relationship, coincidence is produced between Kinds of needs resulted from the development of Olympic Games itself and the great support provided to Olympics Games by the science and technology, finally, technology and Olympic Game fulfill the fit process. Secondly, the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games has its objective necessity, which is the inevitable outcome of the development of Olympic Gages with lots of technological forces involved in and the widely application of technology to the Olympic Games as well as the incorporation of technology and Olympic Games. Based on the coincidence of technology rationality and rationality of Physical culture, the fit of them is realized under the dual effects of outer cause-the pursuit of interests and inner cause-the value itself.
This article makes anatomies to the kinds of circumstances by which the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games provided and finds out that the coincidence is realized with the assistance of certain routes. Generally speaking, there are three routes in the process of coincidence:first, the route of innovation and research and development of Olympic technology, which starts from innovation and R&D and promotes the system of Olympic technology to be set up gradually; second, the route of technology industrialization, concretely includes the route of the support of technology industrialization from Olympics, the route of Olympic environment industrialization, the route of sport technology industrialization as well as the route of construction of the chain group of industry. It means that science and technology realizes the process of its industrialized development; third, the route of technology services for people's livelihood, which is the value base for the fit, stipulates the care from of value core of the Olympic technology for the issue of people's livelihood.
It also analyses the particularity of Olympic mode constructed by Beijing and thinks that a new mode that gives prominence to Chinese own character has been constructed by Beijing Olympic Games for the coincidence of technology and Olympics—hi-tech Olympics, which bases on development process for Hi-tech Olympics which experiences such a transformation from phenomenon into slogan, from slogan into idea, from idea into state strategy and gradually formed. The mode of Hi-tech Olympics constitutes four basic level structures. Idea level structure, strategy level structure, institute level structure and route level structure. In the operation process of this mode, the needs mechanism for Olympic development, for market development, as well as for the host country or city, all of which together constitute the inner running mechanism of Hi-tech Olympics.
In the background of the opposite of technology and humanities, this article discusses the issues of the relationship and the balance among the Hi-tech Olympics, Green Olympics and Humanistic Olympics and refers that there are the organic unity of the mutual relations among the three, interact together, impact together, support together and make of a unity—the three conceptual value core are technology is an instrument, Green is a criteria, humanities is an purpose, that is the care for people is the value base for the fit of science and technology.
From the angle of width and depth of fit, the article analyses issue of the degree of the fit:from the angle of width, the coincidence of technology and Olympics has experienced three stages of coincidence of spot, line and field and eventually finishes its diffusion—the diffusion from the professional field to common people field, and the establishment of technology services system for people's livelihood become the mark for the accomplishment of diffusion; from the angle of depth of fit, the phenomenon, such as to fit at low level, at deep level and in excess exists. Moreover, the form of coincidence in excessive way causes the risks. Excessive fit results in the risk of coincidence:instrumental rationality is over promoted, utilitarian objective is magnified, the spirit of Olympics gains a sort of deviation and its value base is destroyed—the humanistic care turns to be weaker and weaker.
Based on that, this article puts forward the tentative plan and suggestions in order to stipulate and escape the risks brought by the coincidence of technology and Olympics. Firstly, we should establish alarm mechanism to prevent the coincidence in excess, strictly control the coincidence, promote the spirit of humanism and clear the value base in order to eliminate the risks that the fit brings between the technology and Olympics.
通过对奥运发展历史的深度分析,我们不难发现,科技与奥运的关系越来越密切,并已经形成了一种共生的契合体,表现出某种契合态。
论文考证了科技与奥运契合的过程,对二者契合现象进行了客观的分析,得出了如下的基本结论：首先,科技与奥运的契合是奥运与科技相互关系发展的必然结果。奥运自身发展所产生的各种需求,与科技能够为奥运提供巨大支持之间产生了契合点,不断密切的合作关系,最终使科技与奥运完成了契合过程。其次,科技与奥运的契合是具有客观必然性的,是奥运科技化、科技奥运化和科技奥运一体化发展的必然结果。二者之间的契合是在技术理性与体育理性契合的基础上,在外部动因——功利性契合和内部动因——价值契合的双重作用下完成的。
论文将科技与奥运契合的各种环境进行了剖析,发现：二者之间的契合是在借助一定的路径基础上完成的。概括起来讲,科技与奥运契合的路径有三条：一是奥运科技的创新与研发路径,以创新和研发为契合的起点,推动奥运科技体系的逐步建立；二是科技产业化路径,具体包括奥运支撑科技产业化路径、奥运环境产业化路径、运动科技产业化路径和基于产业链群构建路径。其含义是,科技借助于奥运平台,完成了产业化发展的过程；三是民生科技服务路径,这是二者契合的价值基础,其规定着奥运科技的价值核心为民生问题的关怀。
分析了北京构建的奥运模式的特殊性,认为：北京奥运会构建了具有突出中国特色的科技与奥运契合的模式——科技奥运模式。这个模式是在经历了科技奥运由现象到口号、由口号到理念、由理念到国家战略的发展过程的基础上,逐步形成的。科技奥运模式由四个基本层级结构构成：理念层级结构、战略层级结构、机构层级结构和路径层级结构。在这个模式的运行过程中,奥运发展需求机制、市场发展需求机制和举办国(城市)发展需求机制一同构成了科技奥运模式内在的运行机制。
在科技与人文对立的背景下,讨论了科技奥运、绿色奥运和人文奥运三者之间的关系问题,认为：三者之间存在着辩证统一关系,三者之间相互作用、相互影响、相互支持,构成了一个统一整体——科技为工具,绿色为标准,人文为目的三大理念体系,而对人的价值关怀是科技与奥运契合的价值基础。
从契合广度和契合深度两个角度分析了科技与奥运契合的度的问题：从契合广度上来看,科技与奥运的契合经历了点的契合、线的契合和场的契合三个阶段,并最终完成了契合的扩散——由专业的契合领域向普通民众的契合领域的扩散,民生科技服务体系的构建成为契合扩散完成的标志；从契合深度来看,存在着浅度契合、深度契合和过度契合的现象,而过度契合的形成则引发了奥运发展的风险问题。过度契合产生了契合的风险：工具理性过度张扬,功利性目标被放大,奥运精神产生了某种的背离以及价值基础遭到破坏——人文关怀弱化。
在此基础上,提出了规避科技与奥运契合的风险的设想和建议。首先必须建立防止二者过度契合的预警机制,严格控制契合,以弘扬人文精神为基本手段明确二者契合的价值基础,以消解二者之间契合的风险。
Based on STS analysis, philosophical analysis, historical analysis and case analysis for the basic research methods as well as based on the inspection on the formed process of the relations between the technology and Olympic Games from the angle of history and reality, this article explores the correlation and its mode of the technology and Olympic Games more in depth.
By the deep analysis of the development history of Olympic Games, it's not very difficult to find out that the relationship between the technology and Olympic Games is increasingly closed and has became to be a coincidence.
This article reviews and testifies the process of the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games and makes an objective analysis for the phenomenon and achieves the basic conclusion as follows:the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games has its historical necessity and objective necessity. Firstly, the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games is the inevitable outcomes of the development of correlation between technology and Olympics. Together with the increasingly closed cooperation relationship, coincidence is produced between Kinds of needs resulted from the development of Olympic Games itself and the great support provided to Olympics Games by the science and technology, finally, technology and Olympic Game fulfill the fit process. Secondly, the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games has its objective necessity, which is the inevitable outcome of the development of Olympic Gages with lots of technological forces involved in and the widely application of technology to the Olympic Games as well as the incorporation of technology and Olympic Games. Based on the coincidence of technology rationality and rationality of Physical culture, the fit of them is realized under the dual effects of outer cause-the pursuit of interests and inner cause-the value itself.
This article makes anatomies to the kinds of circumstances by which the coincidence of technology and Olympic Games provided and finds out that the coincidence is realized with the assistance of certain routes. Generally speaking, there are three routes in the process of coincidence:first, the route of innovation and research and development of Olympic technology, which starts from innovation and R&D and promotes the system of Olympic technology to be set up gradually; second, the route of technology industrialization, concretely includes the route of the support of technology industrialization from Olympics, the route of Olympic environment industrialization, the route of sport technology industrialization as well as the route of construction of the chain group of industry. It means that science and technology realizes the process of its industrialized development; third, the route of technology services for people's livelihood, which is the value base for the fit, stipulates the care from of value core of the Olympic technology for the issue of people's livelihood.
It also analyses the particularity of Olympic mode constructed by Beijing and thinks that a new mode that gives prominence to Chinese own character has been constructed by Beijing Olympic Games for the coincidence of technology and Olympics—hi-tech Olympics, which bases on development process for Hi-tech Olympics which experiences such a transformation from phenomenon into slogan, from slogan into idea, from idea into state strategy and gradually formed. The mode of Hi-tech Olympics constitutes four basic level structures. Idea level structure, strategy level structure, institute level structure and route level structure. In the operation process of this mode, the needs mechanism for Olympic development, for market development, as well as for the host country or city, all of which together constitute the inner running mechanism of Hi-tech Olympics.
In the background of the opposite of technology and humanities, this article discusses the issues of the relationship and the balance among the Hi-tech Olympics, Green Olympics and Humanistic Olympics and refers that there are the organic unity of the mutual relations among the three, interact together, impact together, support together and make of a unity—the three conceptual value core are technology is an instrument, Green is a criteria, humanities is an purpose, that is the care for people is the value base for the fit of science and technology.
From the angle of width and depth of fit, the article analyses issue of the degree of the fit:from the angle of width, the coincidence of technology and Olympics has experienced three stages of coincidence of spot, line and field and eventually finishes its diffusion—the diffusion from the professional field to common people field, and the establishment of technology services system for people's livelihood become the mark for the accomplishment of diffusion; from the angle of depth of fit, the phenomenon, such as to fit at low level, at deep level and in excess exists. Moreover, the form of coincidence in excessive way causes the risks. Excessive fit results in the risk of coincidence:instrumental rationality is over promoted, utilitarian objective is magnified, the spirit of Olympics gains a sort of deviation and its value base is destroyed—the humanistic care turns to be weaker and weaker.
Based on that, this article puts forward the tentative plan and suggestions in order to stipulate and escape the risks brought by the coincidence of technology and Olympics. Firstly, we should establish alarm mechanism to prevent the coincidence in excess, strictly control the coincidence, promote the spirit of humanism and clear the value base in order to eliminate the risks that the fit brings between the technology and Olympics.
引文
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