湖南野生木本观赏植物多样性保护与利用研究
摘要
湖南地处中亚热带,自然条件优越,孕育了丰富的野生木本观赏植物资源。据有关资料统计,分析湖南木本观赏植物多样性的主要特点有：(1)资源丰富,种类繁多,植物地理位置独特,类型多样,能满足当前城市园林发展需求；(2)分布集中,如含笑属Michelia、杜鹃属Rhododendron、猕猴桃属Actinidia等大属种类较多；(3)观赏性强,如珙桐Davidia involucrata、伯乐树Bretschneidera sinensis等种类极富园林观赏价值；(4)名花、特有种多,地理历史条件优越,同时具有东亚特有、中国特有及东亚—北美特有三种成分,木本植物区系丰富；(5)植物个体适应能力强,易于引种,广泛适于园林栽培。本文通过对湖南主要分布区和园林有关绿地及风景名胜区进行较广泛的调查,对既具有园林观赏价值,又适合引种驯化的野生观赏木本植物进行观测和记录,其中包含蔷薇科Rosaceae、山茶科Theaceae、冬青科Aguifoliaceae、忍冬科Caprifoliaceae、槭树科Aceraceae、杜鹃花科Ericaceae等观赏价值较高且占国产总种数较多的大科,其观花、观果、观叶、观姿等不同观赏特性很大程度上反映了湖南野生木本观赏植物资源的多样性。根据实地调查和个体生态及其适应能力推荐16种极具园林开发利用前景的木本观赏植物,可逐步促进园林植物多样化、本地化、特有化的发展,有利于对野生木本观赏植物资源,尤其是濒危珍稀观赏植物的保护与利用。在具体园林功能上,湖南野生木本观赏植物用途广泛,适合作行道树、庭荫树、独赏树、花灌木、绿篱,风景林带绿化,可使种类繁多的野生观赏植物在园林中得到合理开发和应用。
湖南野生木本观赏植物种类丰富,有待进一步开发利用,且前景广阔,符合现阶段我国国情,分析应重视对其保护,全面调查资源的同时,应加强引种驯化等科学研究,使保护与开发利用统一起来,进而丰富园林植物多样性,建立人工植物群落,构成城市生态系统,促进物质与能量的循环,加快城市生态园林建设的步伐。
Hunan is at the middle of subtropical zone,the nature condition is superiority that it breeds abundant of wild woody ornamental botanical resources. In accordance with material concerned statistic, analysising that the main features of hunan province arbor ornamental plant diversity are as follows:(1)rich resources; a great variety of species; distinctive botanical geography;various types; can meet the current developing request of urban landscape;(2)dispers concentrated;such as Michelia、Rhododendron、Actinidia large genus have plenty of species; (3)the valued of ornamental feature is high, as of Davidia involucrata、Bretschneidera sinensis, etc. (4)famous flowers and endemic species are a lot; excellent conditions of historical geography, it was provided with east asian specialties、chinese specialties、east asian—muskey specialties simultaneily, woody plant flora are various; (5)the unity adaptive capacity of plant is better and easy to introduce and foster broadly for landscape. This text observe and note the wild woody plant with ornamental characteristic and fitness for introduction by broad investigation during hunan main areal、landscape greenbelt and famous scenic site, recommend sixteen wild woody ornamental plants in the future landscape developing bases field survey and individual zoology for introduction,which will promote the landscape plant develop toward diversification、localization and specialize step by step,including Rosaceae、Theaceae、Aguifoliaceae、Caprifoliaceae、Aceraceae、Ericaceae, etc.big family which have high ornamental value and percentage of Chinese plant species, their view spend、view fruit、view leaf、view performance ornamental characteristic reflect the wild woody ornamental plant resources diversity of hunan province.it is also propitious to wild woody ornamental plant especially for severe ornamental plant resources preservation and utilization, they have broadly use in landscape as roadside trees、shade tree、the tree of view alone、flower and plant bush、green fence、ornamental forest, it will make the wide variety of kinds get properly exploitate and applicate in the landscape.
Wild woody ornamental plant resources in Hunan are abundant,which are available for development and utilization,the prospect is abroad,according with the situation of our country.Has analized that taking attention to preservation at the same time of plant resources investigation work,strengthen the introduction and domestication research and make the preservation and application integrated, which rich the landscape plant diversity and constitute the manpower plant community to make of city ecological system and stimulate the circulation of substance and energy,accelerating the urban step of ecological landscape construction.
湖南野生木本观赏植物种类丰富,有待进一步开发利用,且前景广阔,符合现阶段我国国情,分析应重视对其保护,全面调查资源的同时,应加强引种驯化等科学研究,使保护与开发利用统一起来,进而丰富园林植物多样性,建立人工植物群落,构成城市生态系统,促进物质与能量的循环,加快城市生态园林建设的步伐。
Hunan is at the middle of subtropical zone,the nature condition is superiority that it breeds abundant of wild woody ornamental botanical resources. In accordance with material concerned statistic, analysising that the main features of hunan province arbor ornamental plant diversity are as follows:(1)rich resources; a great variety of species; distinctive botanical geography;various types; can meet the current developing request of urban landscape;(2)dispers concentrated;such as Michelia、Rhododendron、Actinidia large genus have plenty of species; (3)the valued of ornamental feature is high, as of Davidia involucrata、Bretschneidera sinensis, etc. (4)famous flowers and endemic species are a lot; excellent conditions of historical geography, it was provided with east asian specialties、chinese specialties、east asian—muskey specialties simultaneily, woody plant flora are various; (5)the unity adaptive capacity of plant is better and easy to introduce and foster broadly for landscape. This text observe and note the wild woody plant with ornamental characteristic and fitness for introduction by broad investigation during hunan main areal、landscape greenbelt and famous scenic site, recommend sixteen wild woody ornamental plants in the future landscape developing bases field survey and individual zoology for introduction,which will promote the landscape plant develop toward diversification、localization and specialize step by step,including Rosaceae、Theaceae、Aguifoliaceae、Caprifoliaceae、Aceraceae、Ericaceae, etc.big family which have high ornamental value and percentage of Chinese plant species, their view spend、view fruit、view leaf、view performance ornamental characteristic reflect the wild woody ornamental plant resources diversity of hunan province.it is also propitious to wild woody ornamental plant especially for severe ornamental plant resources preservation and utilization, they have broadly use in landscape as roadside trees、shade tree、the tree of view alone、flower and plant bush、green fence、ornamental forest, it will make the wide variety of kinds get properly exploitate and applicate in the landscape.
Wild woody ornamental plant resources in Hunan are abundant,which are available for development and utilization,the prospect is abroad,according with the situation of our country.Has analized that taking attention to preservation at the same time of plant resources investigation work,strengthen the introduction and domestication research and make the preservation and application integrated, which rich the landscape plant diversity and constitute the manpower plant community to make of city ecological system and stimulate the circulation of substance and energy,accelerating the urban step of ecological landscape construction.
引文
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