动态服务资源分发网络的若干关键技术研究
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摘要
当前,现代服务业已经成为世界各国国民经济的重要组成部分,给社会经济系统带来了深刻变化,其发展模式主要包含两类,对传统服务业的改造和对新兴业态的催生。其中,信息技术发展积极驱动着现代服务业发展。以SOA为核心的分布式计算技术的发展,使得信息服务系统的设计和构建产生了巨大的变革：松耦合的系统结构大大提高了系统的灵活性,服务功能的封装与服务组件的复用大幅度提升服务系统的开发效率,适应了业务需求的灵活多变。
随着Web服务技术的不断发展,面向服务的体系架构逐渐成熟,服务计算网络得到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。服务计算是以服务为基本组成元素,通过服务大粒度重用和快速灵活组装构建随需应变的松耦合分布式应用系统,服务计算网络是利用实体及语义关系来表达服务间的关系、属性、能力等知识的网络,是一种逻辑上的网络。当前研究的重点大多集中在服务生成和运行时的逻辑关系上,如服务建模、服务描述、服务开发、服务发现、服务组合、服务执行等方面。本论文旨在研究和解决如何让服务系统从体系架构层面能够适应动态、多变、复杂的互联网环境；如何将定义良好的、大粒度的服务组件根据业务需求实现高抽象级别的复用；如何将虚拟的和现实的服务资源相融合,实现高可用、高可靠的服务编排容错机制；如何将服务资源在多用户、高并发的场景下实现高效地对外开放等问题。
本论文共包括六章的内容：第一章,绪论,论述了论文的研究背景及其意义,明确阐述了论文的研究目标,并指出对服务科学、工程和管理等相关研究的重要意义；第二章,提出了动态服务资源分发网络(Dynamic Service Resource Delivery Network, DSRDN)的服务网络架构模型和节点的功能架构,为动态服务资源分发网络研究和原型系统实现奠定了研究基础；第三章,提出了一种基于流程模板的服务组件集成方法,具体包括共性服务组件模型、类型,流程模板语言的描述(Process Template Description Language, PTDL)和共性服务组件集成框架的设计实现；第四章,提出了一种集中-分散式的服务编排执行模式,在此基础上提出了基于分级的服务编排容错机制(Hierarchical Choreography-based Fault-tolerant Mechanism, HCFM);第五章,提出了一种基于SEDA (Staged Event-Driven Architecture)的Web服务实现方法(Staged Event-Driven Architecture for Web Services, SEDA4WS),并设计实现原型系统；第六章,对博士期间的研究工作进行总结,并对下一步的研究内容进行展望。
本论文的主要创新点为：
(1)基于服务覆盖网络(Service Overlay Networks, SON)和服务工程方法论,提出并设计了一种降低底层网络拓扑关系复杂度,提高用户需求动态适应性,和保障服务质量的动态服务资源分发网络(Dynamic Service Resource Delivery Networks,简称DSRDN)。它从体系架构层面使得服务系统更加适应动态、灵活、复杂的互联网环境,通过智能、动态地生成服务缓存,提高了服务交付效率和访问速度,并提供可靠的QoS保障和高效的服务组合,还具有如下的新特性：1)服务组件的复用性；2)服务执行的容错性；3)服务能力的开放性。该网络作为原型系统已实现,并验证了设计的合理及功能的可行。[论文[1][7][12]]。(第二章)
(2)给出了一种新型的共性服务组件模型,实现了服务组件从功能细粒度向业务粗粒度的转换,并提出了一种流程模板描述语言(Business Template Description Language, BTDL),使得IT和业务从流程层面对齐并实现复用。在上述基础上,设计了一种共性服务组件集成框架,使得共性服务组件能够根据流程模板描述语言的刻画进行组装集成,开发了可视化的流程模板建模工具,大大降低了流程模板描述的难度。该共性服务组件集成框架的原型系统已实现,并在现代服务业共性服务平台中得到实际应用。该平台已经通过了国家科技支撑计划课题结题验收,验证了集成框架的正确性和可行性。[论文[2][10][11]](第三章)
(3)针对服务组合中关于服务编排容错机制研究相对欠缺的不足,提出了一种集中-分散式的服务编排执行模式,进而提出了基于分级的服务编排容错机制(Hierarchical Choreography-based Fault-tolerant Mechanism, HCFM)。该机制缓解了组合服务的复杂性与容错技术应变能力有限之间的矛盾,有效提高了服务编排执行的可靠性和可用性。该机制已在中国移动B2B对外服务平台中得到了实际应用,验证了其可行性。[论文[4][9][13]](第四章)
(4)基于SEDA (Staged Event-Driven Architecture)的阶段概念和事件驱动的通信模型,分析了SOAP协议(Sample Object Access Protocol)实现过程中的瓶颈问题,将SOAP协议的处理过程以有限状态机的方法进行分解和刻画,合理地将其划分成SEDA中所谓的各“阶段”,提出了一种基于SEDA的Web服务架构的实现(Staged Event-Driven Architecture for Web Services, SEDA4WS),提高了在多用户和高并发的场景下web服务的响应能力,缩短了服务的响应时间。该方法已在融合业务开放服务平台得到了实际应用,验证了在高并发请求下的实用性和有效性。[论文[3][5][6][8]](第五章)
本论文的研究内容作为自然科学基金“动态服务资源分发网络关键技术研究”和国家科技支撑计划“现代服务业共性服务集成化技术研究”中的部分成果,已在实际商业环境中应用,帮助中国食品交易网快速实现了从信息发布平台升级到服务提供平台的演进,帮助中国移动电子B2B平台提高了服务组合执行的可靠性,为服务系统的搭建提供有效的工程实践指导。
Nowadays, the modern service industry has become an important part of the national economy, and it has greatly changed the economic system of our society. It has two development types, namely the transformation of traditional service industry and the promotion of new format of the service industry. The development of information technology is an important driving force for the development of modern service industry. Using SOA as its core, the development of the distributed computing technology, changes the design and construction of the information service system tremendously. The loosely coupled system structure can greatly improve the flexibility of the system. The package of services and the reuse of service components greatly improve the efficiency of system development. That can make the enterprise respond to the rapid changes of business requirement as quickly as possible.
With the development of Web Service and SOA, service computing network has gained widely attention from academic community to industrial community. Service computing is a technology that uses services as its basic components and constructs loose-coupling distributed system by reusing and assembling services rapidly and flexibly. Service computing network is a logical network that uses entities and semantic relations to express knowledge between services such as relationships, attributes and abilities. Current studies of service computing network mainly focus on the logic relationship of services in generation and runtime periods, such as service modeling, service description, service development, service discovery, service composition and service execution.
The purpose of this paper is as follows:
Make the service system adapt to the dynamic, changeable, complex Internet environment from the prospect of system architecture;
Reuse the predefined service components with high level of abstraction according to the business requirement;
Integrate virtual and real services resources so as to achieve service orchestration fault tolerant mechanism with high availability and high reliability;
Open the service resource to the users efficiently in multi-users and high concurrency scenarios.
This paper is divided into six chapters. In chapter one, we show the research background and significance of the paper, clearly state the research goal, and point out its influence on the service science, engineering and management and other related research areas. In chapter two, we propose the architecture model of service network and functional architecture of network node of dynamic service resource delivery Network (DSRDN), and laid research foundation for the research of DSRDN and the implementation of prototype system. In chapter three, we propose a service component integration method based on the process template, including common services component model and type, PTDL (Process Template Description Language), design and implementation of common service component integration framework. In chapter four, we propose a centralized distributed service orchestration execution mode, and then propose the hierarchical choreography-based fault-tolerant mechanism(HCFM).In chapter five, we propose a Web Service implementation method called SEDA4WS (Staged Event-Driven Architecture for Web Services) based on SEDA(Staged Event-Driven Architecture), then design and implement the prototype system. In chapter six, we summarize the corresponding research work, and prospect the future work.
The main innovation points of this paper are show as follows:
(1)We propose and design a dynamic service resource delivery networks (DSRDN) based on SON (Service Overlay Networks), which can reduce the complexity of the underlying network topology, improve dynamic adaptability to respond to customer's requirement, and provide the quality of service. It can provide reliable QoS guarantee as well as many new features, including reusability of service components, fault tolerance of service execution and opening of service capability. The network has been realized as a prototype system, and the rationality of the design and the feasibility of the functions has been validated.(In chapter two)
(2)We design a common service component model based on the existed service component model, then realize the conversion from the fine-grained function to the coarse-grained business of service component, and propose Business Template Description Language (BTDL), so that IT business is aligned from the process layer and can be reused. We design a common service component framework for common service components to composite according to the process template description language. We develop visible process template modeling tool which reduces the difficulty of describing the process template greatly. The common service component framework prototype system is realized already and used in modern service industry common service platform. This platform has passed the examination taken by National Key project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Program, and the correctness and feasibility of the integration framework has been verified.(In chapter three)
(3)We propose a centralized-distributed service orchestration execution mode, and then propose the hierarchical choreography-based fault-tolerant mechanism (HCFM) to make up the lack of the research of Services Choreography fault-tolerant mechanism in services composition. The mechanism is deployed in China mobile B2B open service platform, and its feasibility has been validated.(In chapter four)
(4)We utilize the concept and event driven communication model in the SEDA (Staged Event-Driven Architecture) and analysis the bottle-neck problem in the realization of SOAP (Sample Object Access Protocol). Then we decompose and characterize the process of SOAP in the method of finite state machine, divide it into "phases" in SEDA and propose staged event-driven architecture for Web Services (SEDA4WS). The method is used in the integrated business open service platform, and its practicality and effectiveness under the condition of highly concurrent requests has been validated.(In chapter five)
随着Web服务技术的不断发展,面向服务的体系架构逐渐成熟,服务计算网络得到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。服务计算是以服务为基本组成元素,通过服务大粒度重用和快速灵活组装构建随需应变的松耦合分布式应用系统,服务计算网络是利用实体及语义关系来表达服务间的关系、属性、能力等知识的网络,是一种逻辑上的网络。当前研究的重点大多集中在服务生成和运行时的逻辑关系上,如服务建模、服务描述、服务开发、服务发现、服务组合、服务执行等方面。本论文旨在研究和解决如何让服务系统从体系架构层面能够适应动态、多变、复杂的互联网环境；如何将定义良好的、大粒度的服务组件根据业务需求实现高抽象级别的复用；如何将虚拟的和现实的服务资源相融合,实现高可用、高可靠的服务编排容错机制；如何将服务资源在多用户、高并发的场景下实现高效地对外开放等问题。
本论文共包括六章的内容：第一章,绪论,论述了论文的研究背景及其意义,明确阐述了论文的研究目标,并指出对服务科学、工程和管理等相关研究的重要意义；第二章,提出了动态服务资源分发网络(Dynamic Service Resource Delivery Network, DSRDN)的服务网络架构模型和节点的功能架构,为动态服务资源分发网络研究和原型系统实现奠定了研究基础；第三章,提出了一种基于流程模板的服务组件集成方法,具体包括共性服务组件模型、类型,流程模板语言的描述(Process Template Description Language, PTDL)和共性服务组件集成框架的设计实现；第四章,提出了一种集中-分散式的服务编排执行模式,在此基础上提出了基于分级的服务编排容错机制(Hierarchical Choreography-based Fault-tolerant Mechanism, HCFM);第五章,提出了一种基于SEDA (Staged Event-Driven Architecture)的Web服务实现方法(Staged Event-Driven Architecture for Web Services, SEDA4WS),并设计实现原型系统；第六章,对博士期间的研究工作进行总结,并对下一步的研究内容进行展望。
本论文的主要创新点为：
(1)基于服务覆盖网络(Service Overlay Networks, SON)和服务工程方法论,提出并设计了一种降低底层网络拓扑关系复杂度,提高用户需求动态适应性,和保障服务质量的动态服务资源分发网络(Dynamic Service Resource Delivery Networks,简称DSRDN)。它从体系架构层面使得服务系统更加适应动态、灵活、复杂的互联网环境,通过智能、动态地生成服务缓存,提高了服务交付效率和访问速度,并提供可靠的QoS保障和高效的服务组合,还具有如下的新特性：1)服务组件的复用性；2)服务执行的容错性；3)服务能力的开放性。该网络作为原型系统已实现,并验证了设计的合理及功能的可行。[论文[1][7][12]]。(第二章)
(2)给出了一种新型的共性服务组件模型,实现了服务组件从功能细粒度向业务粗粒度的转换,并提出了一种流程模板描述语言(Business Template Description Language, BTDL),使得IT和业务从流程层面对齐并实现复用。在上述基础上,设计了一种共性服务组件集成框架,使得共性服务组件能够根据流程模板描述语言的刻画进行组装集成,开发了可视化的流程模板建模工具,大大降低了流程模板描述的难度。该共性服务组件集成框架的原型系统已实现,并在现代服务业共性服务平台中得到实际应用。该平台已经通过了国家科技支撑计划课题结题验收,验证了集成框架的正确性和可行性。[论文[2][10][11]](第三章)
(3)针对服务组合中关于服务编排容错机制研究相对欠缺的不足,提出了一种集中-分散式的服务编排执行模式,进而提出了基于分级的服务编排容错机制(Hierarchical Choreography-based Fault-tolerant Mechanism, HCFM)。该机制缓解了组合服务的复杂性与容错技术应变能力有限之间的矛盾,有效提高了服务编排执行的可靠性和可用性。该机制已在中国移动B2B对外服务平台中得到了实际应用,验证了其可行性。[论文[4][9][13]](第四章)
(4)基于SEDA (Staged Event-Driven Architecture)的阶段概念和事件驱动的通信模型,分析了SOAP协议(Sample Object Access Protocol)实现过程中的瓶颈问题,将SOAP协议的处理过程以有限状态机的方法进行分解和刻画,合理地将其划分成SEDA中所谓的各“阶段”,提出了一种基于SEDA的Web服务架构的实现(Staged Event-Driven Architecture for Web Services, SEDA4WS),提高了在多用户和高并发的场景下web服务的响应能力,缩短了服务的响应时间。该方法已在融合业务开放服务平台得到了实际应用,验证了在高并发请求下的实用性和有效性。[论文[3][5][6][8]](第五章)
本论文的研究内容作为自然科学基金“动态服务资源分发网络关键技术研究”和国家科技支撑计划“现代服务业共性服务集成化技术研究”中的部分成果,已在实际商业环境中应用,帮助中国食品交易网快速实现了从信息发布平台升级到服务提供平台的演进,帮助中国移动电子B2B平台提高了服务组合执行的可靠性,为服务系统的搭建提供有效的工程实践指导。
Nowadays, the modern service industry has become an important part of the national economy, and it has greatly changed the economic system of our society. It has two development types, namely the transformation of traditional service industry and the promotion of new format of the service industry. The development of information technology is an important driving force for the development of modern service industry. Using SOA as its core, the development of the distributed computing technology, changes the design and construction of the information service system tremendously. The loosely coupled system structure can greatly improve the flexibility of the system. The package of services and the reuse of service components greatly improve the efficiency of system development. That can make the enterprise respond to the rapid changes of business requirement as quickly as possible.
With the development of Web Service and SOA, service computing network has gained widely attention from academic community to industrial community. Service computing is a technology that uses services as its basic components and constructs loose-coupling distributed system by reusing and assembling services rapidly and flexibly. Service computing network is a logical network that uses entities and semantic relations to express knowledge between services such as relationships, attributes and abilities. Current studies of service computing network mainly focus on the logic relationship of services in generation and runtime periods, such as service modeling, service description, service development, service discovery, service composition and service execution.
The purpose of this paper is as follows:
Make the service system adapt to the dynamic, changeable, complex Internet environment from the prospect of system architecture;
Reuse the predefined service components with high level of abstraction according to the business requirement;
Integrate virtual and real services resources so as to achieve service orchestration fault tolerant mechanism with high availability and high reliability;
Open the service resource to the users efficiently in multi-users and high concurrency scenarios.
This paper is divided into six chapters. In chapter one, we show the research background and significance of the paper, clearly state the research goal, and point out its influence on the service science, engineering and management and other related research areas. In chapter two, we propose the architecture model of service network and functional architecture of network node of dynamic service resource delivery Network (DSRDN), and laid research foundation for the research of DSRDN and the implementation of prototype system. In chapter three, we propose a service component integration method based on the process template, including common services component model and type, PTDL (Process Template Description Language), design and implementation of common service component integration framework. In chapter four, we propose a centralized distributed service orchestration execution mode, and then propose the hierarchical choreography-based fault-tolerant mechanism(HCFM).In chapter five, we propose a Web Service implementation method called SEDA4WS (Staged Event-Driven Architecture for Web Services) based on SEDA(Staged Event-Driven Architecture), then design and implement the prototype system. In chapter six, we summarize the corresponding research work, and prospect the future work.
The main innovation points of this paper are show as follows:
(1)We propose and design a dynamic service resource delivery networks (DSRDN) based on SON (Service Overlay Networks), which can reduce the complexity of the underlying network topology, improve dynamic adaptability to respond to customer's requirement, and provide the quality of service. It can provide reliable QoS guarantee as well as many new features, including reusability of service components, fault tolerance of service execution and opening of service capability. The network has been realized as a prototype system, and the rationality of the design and the feasibility of the functions has been validated.(In chapter two)
(2)We design a common service component model based on the existed service component model, then realize the conversion from the fine-grained function to the coarse-grained business of service component, and propose Business Template Description Language (BTDL), so that IT business is aligned from the process layer and can be reused. We design a common service component framework for common service components to composite according to the process template description language. We develop visible process template modeling tool which reduces the difficulty of describing the process template greatly. The common service component framework prototype system is realized already and used in modern service industry common service platform. This platform has passed the examination taken by National Key project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Program, and the correctness and feasibility of the integration framework has been verified.(In chapter three)
(3)We propose a centralized-distributed service orchestration execution mode, and then propose the hierarchical choreography-based fault-tolerant mechanism (HCFM) to make up the lack of the research of Services Choreography fault-tolerant mechanism in services composition. The mechanism is deployed in China mobile B2B open service platform, and its feasibility has been validated.(In chapter four)
(4)We utilize the concept and event driven communication model in the SEDA (Staged Event-Driven Architecture) and analysis the bottle-neck problem in the realization of SOAP (Sample Object Access Protocol). Then we decompose and characterize the process of SOAP in the method of finite state machine, divide it into "phases" in SEDA and propose staged event-driven architecture for Web Services (SEDA4WS). The method is used in the integrated business open service platform, and its practicality and effectiveness under the condition of highly concurrent requests has been validated.(In chapter five)
引文
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