基于有限元温度与结构分析的电机设计与优化
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摘要
随着计算机软硬件水平与有限元技术的发展,有限元法在众多复杂的工程问题中得到广泛应用。电机的发热与结构分析是电机设计和优化的重要组成部分。本文采用有限元法,通过电机模型的温度与结构分析,描述有限元在电机设计与优化中的应用。
本文运用三维实体建模技术,利用SolidWorks成功构建了两种结构不同尺寸的空间弯曲型ESMAA的模型、发电机定子线棒和水路的有限元模型。
基于有限元法进行ESMAA指节结构和尺寸设计。在原有的无中心通孔结构基础上提出新的优化结构模型—有中心通孔结构,利用COSMOSWorks进行两种结构模型的稳态与瞬态温度分析,研究了两种结构发热与散热的热耦合情况,验证新结构的优越性,并初步确定其尺寸设计参数。然后对新结构进行静力分析,得到模型的位移、应力和应变分布情况,研究了不同尺寸的合金丝、棒和中心孔情况下模型的弯曲程度,最终确定其尺寸设计参数。
进行定子线棒的温度分析,得出电机运行时的水路温度控制标准。采用ANSYS CFX对线棒水路模型进行流体温度场分析,研究了线棒中铜管发生堵塞时水路出口温度,得出线棒出水口温度与堵塞的铜管数量之间的关系。
研究表明,有限元法应用于新型电机的设计和大型电机运行优化等方面,可以为电机进行合理、可靠地设计和优化及安全运行提供理论指导。
Depending on the development of computer and finite element technology, finite element method (FEM) is widely applied in many complex engineering problems. The heat and structure analysis are important aspects in the design and optimization of electrical motors. FEM is used in solving temperature field and stress distribution for the purpose of achieving reasonable, reliable design and optimization and also safe operation.
In this paper, three-dimensional solid modeling technology and SolidWorks are applied in motor modeling. Models of two dimensional-bending embedded shape memory alloy actuator (ESMAA) structures with different sizes have been built. Furthermore, the equivalent finite element models of generator stator bars and waterflow are developed.
Subsequently, new structure with a central hole is developed instead of old structure, and steady-state and transient temperature analysis have been taken in comparing the two structures of ESMAA models. The temperature distribution of ESMAA models is derived, and the new structure is proved better. Furthermore, static analysis of ESMAA with new structure has been done, and distribution of displacement, stress and strain is derived. Thus, research on bending degrees of models, which have different sizes of the wires, rod and central hole, has been completed, and ultimate design parameters are determined.
Finally, ANSYS CFX is used for temperature analysis in the waterflow model. The control standard on the outlet temperature can be achieved.
The research proved that FEM plays an important role in design and optimization of electrical motors.
本文运用三维实体建模技术,利用SolidWorks成功构建了两种结构不同尺寸的空间弯曲型ESMAA的模型、发电机定子线棒和水路的有限元模型。
基于有限元法进行ESMAA指节结构和尺寸设计。在原有的无中心通孔结构基础上提出新的优化结构模型—有中心通孔结构,利用COSMOSWorks进行两种结构模型的稳态与瞬态温度分析,研究了两种结构发热与散热的热耦合情况,验证新结构的优越性,并初步确定其尺寸设计参数。然后对新结构进行静力分析,得到模型的位移、应力和应变分布情况,研究了不同尺寸的合金丝、棒和中心孔情况下模型的弯曲程度,最终确定其尺寸设计参数。
进行定子线棒的温度分析,得出电机运行时的水路温度控制标准。采用ANSYS CFX对线棒水路模型进行流体温度场分析,研究了线棒中铜管发生堵塞时水路出口温度,得出线棒出水口温度与堵塞的铜管数量之间的关系。
研究表明,有限元法应用于新型电机的设计和大型电机运行优化等方面,可以为电机进行合理、可靠地设计和优化及安全运行提供理论指导。
Depending on the development of computer and finite element technology, finite element method (FEM) is widely applied in many complex engineering problems. The heat and structure analysis are important aspects in the design and optimization of electrical motors. FEM is used in solving temperature field and stress distribution for the purpose of achieving reasonable, reliable design and optimization and also safe operation.
In this paper, three-dimensional solid modeling technology and SolidWorks are applied in motor modeling. Models of two dimensional-bending embedded shape memory alloy actuator (ESMAA) structures with different sizes have been built. Furthermore, the equivalent finite element models of generator stator bars and waterflow are developed.
Subsequently, new structure with a central hole is developed instead of old structure, and steady-state and transient temperature analysis have been taken in comparing the two structures of ESMAA models. The temperature distribution of ESMAA models is derived, and the new structure is proved better. Furthermore, static analysis of ESMAA with new structure has been done, and distribution of displacement, stress and strain is derived. Thus, research on bending degrees of models, which have different sizes of the wires, rod and central hole, has been completed, and ultimate design parameters are determined.
Finally, ANSYS CFX is used for temperature analysis in the waterflow model. The control standard on the outlet temperature can be achieved.
The research proved that FEM plays an important role in design and optimization of electrical motors.
引文
[1]刘扬,刘巨保,罗敏.有限元分析及应用.北京:中国电力出版社, 2008.
[2]王勖,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社, 1988.
[3]马奎兴.有限元及软件ANSYS简介.水利科技与经济, 2004, 10(3):190.
[4]阮玉瑭.基于ANSYS的某机枪有限元结构分析[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学图书馆, 2007.
[5]俞铭华,吴剑国.有限元法与面向对象编程.北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[6]谭建国.使用ANSYS6.O进行有限元分析.北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[7] SaeedMoaveni.有限元分析—ANSYS理论与应用(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社, 2005.
[8]商跃进.有限元原理与ANSYS应用指南.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[9]崔俊芝.计算机辅助工程(CAE)的现状和未来.中国科学院院士报告, 2003.12.
[10]梅飞.计算机辅助工程技术发展及应用综述.滁州学院学报, 2007, 9(3): 45.
[11]辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永前.电机学.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2001.
[12]杨世铭,传热学.北京:高等教育出版社, 1987.
[13] SolidWorks公司. COCMOS基础教程:COSMOSWorks Professional.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008.
[14]李进梅.电磁离合器的温度场及热应力有限元分析[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学图书馆, 2007.
[15]张洪济.热传导.北京:高等教育出版社, 1992.
[16]陈世坤.电机设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[17]董淑惠.汽轮发电机定子的发热分析与计算[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学图书馆, 2003.
[18] A.И.鲍里先科, B.Γ.丹科, A.И.亚科夫列夫著:魏书慈,邱建甫译.电机中的空气动力学与热传递.北京:机械工业出版社, 1985.9.
[19]李德基.发电机发热分析计算及其应用.成都:四川大学出版社, 1994.
[20]李德基,白亚明.用热路法计算汽轮发电机定子槽部三维温度场.中国电工程学报, 6(6):36-45.
[21]李德基,白亚明,曹国宣.发电机暂态三维温度场的计算.中国电机工程报, 9(5):56-63.
[22] A. Y. Hannalla and D. C. Macdonald. Numerical Analysis of Transient Field in Electrical Machines. Pro.IEE 123, 1976:pp. 183-186.
[23] E. Vassent, G. Meunier, A. Foggia and G. Reyne. Simulation of Induction Machine Operation Using a Step by Step Finite-Element Method Coupled with Circuit and Mechanical Equation. IEEE Trans. on Mag. Vol. 27, 1991:pp. 5232-5234.
[24]张大为,汤蕴璆等.大型水轮发电机定子最热段三维温度场的有限元计算.哈尔滨电工学院学报, 1992.(3).
[25]付敏,孔祥春.水轮发电机定子三维温度场的有限元计算.电机与控制学报, 2000.4.
[26] Li Junqing, Li Heming. A Thermal Model for the Water-Cooled Stator Bars of the Synchronous Generator. PowerCon2002, International Conference on Power System Technology Proceedings, 2002.
[27]范永达,苏文印.大型汽轮发电机转子温升计算.大电机技术, 1990.5.
[28]曹国宣.水内冷汽轮发电机转子温度场计算.电工技术学报, 1993.(1).
[29]李亚智,赵美英,万小朋.有限元法基础与程序设计.北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[30]王福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[31] William Weaver, Jr Jamesand M.Gere. Matrix Analysis of Framed Structures, Third Edition. New York, 1990.
[32]江永宾,基于SolidWorks的新型横向磁通电机虚拟设计[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2007.
[33] Grabowski H. Universal Design Theory: Elements and Applicability to Computers. Universal Design Theory. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 1998:209-219.
[34] Connacher H I, Jayaram S, Lyons K W. Virtual assembly design environment. Proceedings of 1995 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference and Engineering Database Symposium, 1995. Boston, USA:875-885.
[35]魏铁华,花光如.虚拟制造.水利电力机械, 2001(4):35-45.
[36] Okada T, Suzuki T. Design and experiments of the tactile sensor for robot hands utilizing a suspension shell. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1998(1): 435-440.
[37] Johnston D, Zhang P, Hollerbach J, et al. Full tactile sensing suite for dextrous robot hands and use in contact force control. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1996(4): 3222-3227.
[38] Stansfield S A. Robotic Grasping of Unknown Objects: A Knowledge-Based Approach. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 1991(4): 314-326.
[39] Dubey V N, Rowder R M. A finger mechanism for adaptive end effectors. Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, 2002, 5(5): 995-1001.
[40] Guan Y Sh, Zhang H. Workspace of 2D Multi-fingered Manipulation. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003(4): 3705-3710.
[41]王国庆,李大寨,钱锡康等.新型三指灵巧机械手的研究.机械工程学报, 1997, 33(3): 71-75.
[42]杨凯,内嵌式形状记忆合金电机及柔性伺服系统研究[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2003.
[43] Alexandre V. Magnetically driven shape memory alloys. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2002, 242-245: 66-67.
[44] Johnson A D, Martynov V, Gupta V. Applications of shape memory alloys: Advantages, disadvantages and limitations. Proceedings of SPIE, 2001, 4557:341-351.
[45]杨凯.基于内嵌式形状记忆合金电机的拟人机械手研究[博士后工作报告].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2005.
[46] Safak K K, Adams G G. Modeling and simulation of an artificial muscle and its application to biomimetic robot posture control. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2002(41):225-243.
[47] Cho Kyu-Jin, Asada H. Multi-Axis SMA Actuator Array for Driving Anthropomorphic Robot Hand. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain, 2005.
[48] DeLaurentis, K. J., Mavroidis, C. Mechanical design of a shape memory alloy actuated prosthetic hand. Technology and Health Care. 2002, 10(2): 91-106.
[2]王勖,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理与数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社, 1988.
[3]马奎兴.有限元及软件ANSYS简介.水利科技与经济, 2004, 10(3):190.
[4]阮玉瑭.基于ANSYS的某机枪有限元结构分析[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学图书馆, 2007.
[5]俞铭华,吴剑国.有限元法与面向对象编程.北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[6]谭建国.使用ANSYS6.O进行有限元分析.北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[7] SaeedMoaveni.有限元分析—ANSYS理论与应用(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社, 2005.
[8]商跃进.有限元原理与ANSYS应用指南.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[9]崔俊芝.计算机辅助工程(CAE)的现状和未来.中国科学院院士报告, 2003.12.
[10]梅飞.计算机辅助工程技术发展及应用综述.滁州学院学报, 2007, 9(3): 45.
[11]辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永前.电机学.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2001.
[12]杨世铭,传热学.北京:高等教育出版社, 1987.
[13] SolidWorks公司. COCMOS基础教程:COSMOSWorks Professional.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008.
[14]李进梅.电磁离合器的温度场及热应力有限元分析[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学图书馆, 2007.
[15]张洪济.热传导.北京:高等教育出版社, 1992.
[16]陈世坤.电机设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[17]董淑惠.汽轮发电机定子的发热分析与计算[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学图书馆, 2003.
[18] A.И.鲍里先科, B.Γ.丹科, A.И.亚科夫列夫著:魏书慈,邱建甫译.电机中的空气动力学与热传递.北京:机械工业出版社, 1985.9.
[19]李德基.发电机发热分析计算及其应用.成都:四川大学出版社, 1994.
[20]李德基,白亚明.用热路法计算汽轮发电机定子槽部三维温度场.中国电工程学报, 6(6):36-45.
[21]李德基,白亚明,曹国宣.发电机暂态三维温度场的计算.中国电机工程报, 9(5):56-63.
[22] A. Y. Hannalla and D. C. Macdonald. Numerical Analysis of Transient Field in Electrical Machines. Pro.IEE 123, 1976:pp. 183-186.
[23] E. Vassent, G. Meunier, A. Foggia and G. Reyne. Simulation of Induction Machine Operation Using a Step by Step Finite-Element Method Coupled with Circuit and Mechanical Equation. IEEE Trans. on Mag. Vol. 27, 1991:pp. 5232-5234.
[24]张大为,汤蕴璆等.大型水轮发电机定子最热段三维温度场的有限元计算.哈尔滨电工学院学报, 1992.(3).
[25]付敏,孔祥春.水轮发电机定子三维温度场的有限元计算.电机与控制学报, 2000.4.
[26] Li Junqing, Li Heming. A Thermal Model for the Water-Cooled Stator Bars of the Synchronous Generator. PowerCon2002, International Conference on Power System Technology Proceedings, 2002.
[27]范永达,苏文印.大型汽轮发电机转子温升计算.大电机技术, 1990.5.
[28]曹国宣.水内冷汽轮发电机转子温度场计算.电工技术学报, 1993.(1).
[29]李亚智,赵美英,万小朋.有限元法基础与程序设计.北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[30]王福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[31] William Weaver, Jr Jamesand M.Gere. Matrix Analysis of Framed Structures, Third Edition. New York, 1990.
[32]江永宾,基于SolidWorks的新型横向磁通电机虚拟设计[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2007.
[33] Grabowski H. Universal Design Theory: Elements and Applicability to Computers. Universal Design Theory. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 1998:209-219.
[34] Connacher H I, Jayaram S, Lyons K W. Virtual assembly design environment. Proceedings of 1995 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference and Engineering Database Symposium, 1995. Boston, USA:875-885.
[35]魏铁华,花光如.虚拟制造.水利电力机械, 2001(4):35-45.
[36] Okada T, Suzuki T. Design and experiments of the tactile sensor for robot hands utilizing a suspension shell. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1998(1): 435-440.
[37] Johnston D, Zhang P, Hollerbach J, et al. Full tactile sensing suite for dextrous robot hands and use in contact force control. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1996(4): 3222-3227.
[38] Stansfield S A. Robotic Grasping of Unknown Objects: A Knowledge-Based Approach. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 1991(4): 314-326.
[39] Dubey V N, Rowder R M. A finger mechanism for adaptive end effectors. Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, 2002, 5(5): 995-1001.
[40] Guan Y Sh, Zhang H. Workspace of 2D Multi-fingered Manipulation. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003(4): 3705-3710.
[41]王国庆,李大寨,钱锡康等.新型三指灵巧机械手的研究.机械工程学报, 1997, 33(3): 71-75.
[42]杨凯,内嵌式形状记忆合金电机及柔性伺服系统研究[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2003.
[43] Alexandre V. Magnetically driven shape memory alloys. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2002, 242-245: 66-67.
[44] Johnson A D, Martynov V, Gupta V. Applications of shape memory alloys: Advantages, disadvantages and limitations. Proceedings of SPIE, 2001, 4557:341-351.
[45]杨凯.基于内嵌式形状记忆合金电机的拟人机械手研究[博士后工作报告].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2005.
[46] Safak K K, Adams G G. Modeling and simulation of an artificial muscle and its application to biomimetic robot posture control. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2002(41):225-243.
[47] Cho Kyu-Jin, Asada H. Multi-Axis SMA Actuator Array for Driving Anthropomorphic Robot Hand. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain, 2005.
[48] DeLaurentis, K. J., Mavroidis, C. Mechanical design of a shape memory alloy actuated prosthetic hand. Technology and Health Care. 2002, 10(2): 91-106.