含分布式光伏电源的配电网保护方案及故障定位研究
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摘要
随着全球气候环境的恶化和化石燃料资源的日渐匮乏,以太阳能光伏发电(PV)为代表的分布式发电技术越来越多地受到人们的关注。由于国家相关政策扶持力度的加大,在可以预见的未来将会有更多的光伏电源接入中低压配电网。PV的接入会改变配电网的网络结构和潮流分布,导致保护可能出现拒动或误动等情况。本文将着重分析PV的接入对配电网保护的影响,进而计算考虑保护约束条件的PV准入容量,并研究基于分区保护总体思路所提出的故障区域定位算法的可行性。
本文首先对光伏发电系统的并网运行特性进行了研究。在对PV组成结构和工作原理进行介绍的基础上,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件中建立了三相光伏并网发电模型,将其接入一个无穷大系统。通过仿真验证了所建模型在光照强度变化时的并网输出控制特性。然后简要介绍了当前我国中低压配电网常见的网络结构及其继电保护与馈线自动化配置情况。分别对三段式电流保护、自动重合闸和基于FTU的配电自动化进行了简单介绍。之后分析了以PV为代表的IIDG在配电网故障时的响应特性,建立了PV故障响应特性的等效数学模型。定性分析了PV并网对配电网各处保护的影响,并着重研究并建立了PV处于不同位置时的短路电流与PV容量的关系表达式。通过具体算例验证PV在特定接入点处对配电网保护的影响,并得到保护可靠动作前提下的PV最大准入容量。
为适应未来越来越多PV接入配电网的趋势,本文研究了一种含光伏电源的配电网分区保护新方案,该方案按照负荷与PV容量均衡的原则将配电网分为若干子区域。借助配电自动化系统,由装设于主站内的测控保护智能装置完成实时在线监测与分析等任务。着重研究了故障区域定位算法的原理和构成,并结合故障信息缺失等特殊情况对该算法的可行性进行了分析和适当改进。最后结合算例对所提出的故障区域定位算法进行了验证。
With deterioration of the global climatope and increasingly lack of fossil fuel, more and more attention have been paid on distributed generation technology, represented as photovoltaic generation. As the enhancing of national polices, we can forsee that there will be more and more PV access to middle and low voltage distribution network in the future. PV will change network structure and power flow distribution. This may easily result in tripping missing or mal operation of traditional protection. This paper analyzed the impact of PV on protection of distribution network considering fault performance, then proposed an division protection scheme and confirmed its feasibility.
Firstly, the running characteristic of PV grid-connected system was established. After introducing structure and working principle of each part of PV, the model of three-phase PV was built by the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software. In the model, the PV grid-connected system was accessed to an infinite power system. The model's MPPT and grid-connnected characteristic in condition of light intensity changing were analyzed by simulation. Secondly, a brief introduction about common network structure of distribution network and its protection configuration was proposed, including current protevtion, automatic re-closing devices and distribution automation based on FTU. Thirdly, the response characteristic of IIDG represent as PV was analyzed and the equivalent model of PV was built. Then the impact of PV on protection of distribution network was qualitative analyzed, and the relationship expression between short circuit current and capacity of PV when PV located in different position was emphasized discussed and built. Then the impact of PV with different capacity in specific access point was compared by an example. On that basis, the maximum penetration level of PV in specfic access point according to current protection's state was obtained.
Finally, a kind of zoning protection scheme for distribution network with PV was proposed. According to the principle of load must be equal to or less than the capacity of PV, the distribution network was divided into several sub-areas. With the help of distribution automation system, on-line monitoring and analyzing can be achieved. The principle and constitute of algorithm of fault area location was discussed emphatically, then the feasibility of this algorithm in condition of switching of PV or missing of fault information was analyzed and some improvement was made. The effectiveness of algorithm of fault area location and the modified algorithm was verified by an example of distribution network with33nodes.
本文首先对光伏发电系统的并网运行特性进行了研究。在对PV组成结构和工作原理进行介绍的基础上,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件中建立了三相光伏并网发电模型,将其接入一个无穷大系统。通过仿真验证了所建模型在光照强度变化时的并网输出控制特性。然后简要介绍了当前我国中低压配电网常见的网络结构及其继电保护与馈线自动化配置情况。分别对三段式电流保护、自动重合闸和基于FTU的配电自动化进行了简单介绍。之后分析了以PV为代表的IIDG在配电网故障时的响应特性,建立了PV故障响应特性的等效数学模型。定性分析了PV并网对配电网各处保护的影响,并着重研究并建立了PV处于不同位置时的短路电流与PV容量的关系表达式。通过具体算例验证PV在特定接入点处对配电网保护的影响,并得到保护可靠动作前提下的PV最大准入容量。
为适应未来越来越多PV接入配电网的趋势,本文研究了一种含光伏电源的配电网分区保护新方案,该方案按照负荷与PV容量均衡的原则将配电网分为若干子区域。借助配电自动化系统,由装设于主站内的测控保护智能装置完成实时在线监测与分析等任务。着重研究了故障区域定位算法的原理和构成,并结合故障信息缺失等特殊情况对该算法的可行性进行了分析和适当改进。最后结合算例对所提出的故障区域定位算法进行了验证。
With deterioration of the global climatope and increasingly lack of fossil fuel, more and more attention have been paid on distributed generation technology, represented as photovoltaic generation. As the enhancing of national polices, we can forsee that there will be more and more PV access to middle and low voltage distribution network in the future. PV will change network structure and power flow distribution. This may easily result in tripping missing or mal operation of traditional protection. This paper analyzed the impact of PV on protection of distribution network considering fault performance, then proposed an division protection scheme and confirmed its feasibility.
Firstly, the running characteristic of PV grid-connected system was established. After introducing structure and working principle of each part of PV, the model of three-phase PV was built by the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software. In the model, the PV grid-connected system was accessed to an infinite power system. The model's MPPT and grid-connnected characteristic in condition of light intensity changing were analyzed by simulation. Secondly, a brief introduction about common network structure of distribution network and its protection configuration was proposed, including current protevtion, automatic re-closing devices and distribution automation based on FTU. Thirdly, the response characteristic of IIDG represent as PV was analyzed and the equivalent model of PV was built. Then the impact of PV on protection of distribution network was qualitative analyzed, and the relationship expression between short circuit current and capacity of PV when PV located in different position was emphasized discussed and built. Then the impact of PV with different capacity in specific access point was compared by an example. On that basis, the maximum penetration level of PV in specfic access point according to current protection's state was obtained.
Finally, a kind of zoning protection scheme for distribution network with PV was proposed. According to the principle of load must be equal to or less than the capacity of PV, the distribution network was divided into several sub-areas. With the help of distribution automation system, on-line monitoring and analyzing can be achieved. The principle and constitute of algorithm of fault area location was discussed emphatically, then the feasibility of this algorithm in condition of switching of PV or missing of fault information was analyzed and some improvement was made. The effectiveness of algorithm of fault area location and the modified algorithm was verified by an example of distribution network with33nodes.
引文
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