基于模糊理论的汽包水位控制器设计
摘要
锅炉是典型的复杂热工系统。对蒸汽锅炉而言，维持汽包水位在一定的范围内是保证锅炉安全运行的首要条件。锅炉汽包水位的控制一直是控制领域的一个典型问题。随着控制理论及技术的发展，已有很多基于经典控制理论和现代控制理论的控制系统应用于汽包水位控制。然而，它们都是根据被控对象的数学模型建立起来的，而由于汽包水位对象的复杂性，其精确的数学模型往往无法获得，因而，这些控制系统如果越简单，其控制效果越差；要想控制效果越好，则控制系统必然越复杂。
模糊理论应用于控制系统设计，不需要知道被控对象精确的数学模型，对于许多无法建立精确数学模型的复杂系统能获得较好的控制效果，同时又能简化系统硬件电路的设计。因此，本文采用了模糊理论进行汽包水位控制器的设计。
本文较为详尽地分析了汽包水位对象的动态特性和传统的控制技术以及模糊控制理论。在此基础上，提出了用模糊理论实现对汽包水位进行控制的方案，并进行了系统软、硬件的设计。考虑到现场情况，还对系统软、硬件进行了抗干扰设计。
该控制器硬件以AT89C52单片机为核心，在外围电路设计时考虑到系统的可扩展性和通用性，使本硬件系统能适用于多种场合；软件用C51语言编写，并用EasyScope 8052F仿真器对软件进行了仿真运行。通过实验室模拟，证明了该控制器是一个低成本、高效能的设计，具有较高的理论研究和实际应用价值。
The boiler is a typical complex thermodynamic system. For steam boiler, maintaining water level of the steam drum in a certain range is the chief requirement to guarantee the boiler running safely. The water level control for the steam drum is all along a typical issue in the control domain. With the development of control theory and technology, there have been many control systems based on classical and/or modern control theory applied to water level control of the steam drum. However, they are all established on the basis of the mathematical models of the objects being controlled. Because of the complexity of the water level of the steam drum, its exact mathematical model often can not be obtained, so, the simpler the control system, the worse the effects, and vice versa.
If fuzzy theory is applied to design control system, we need not know the exact mathematical models of the objects being controlled. Thus, as to many complex systems whose exact mathematical models can not be established, we could get the better control effects. Meanwhile, the system hardware design can be simplified. According to this, fuzzy theory is applied to design the controller of the steam drum water level in this paper.
The dynamic characteristics of steam drum water level along with its traditional control technology and the fuzzy control theory have been detailedly analyzed in this paper. On the basis of these analyses, a scheme using fuzzy theory to control steam drum water level has been proposed, and the system hardware and software have been designed. Consider the
The core of the controller hardware is AT89C52 MCU. During design of the outer-ring circuit, the expandability and the generality of the controller have been considered, so that it can be suitable for many other applications. The software is programmed by C51, and is simulated by EasyScope 8052F simulator. By imitating in the laboratory, it is proved that this design is a low cost and high efficiency one, and it’s valuable for theory and application study.
模糊理论应用于控制系统设计，不需要知道被控对象精确的数学模型，对于许多无法建立精确数学模型的复杂系统能获得较好的控制效果，同时又能简化系统硬件电路的设计。因此，本文采用了模糊理论进行汽包水位控制器的设计。
本文较为详尽地分析了汽包水位对象的动态特性和传统的控制技术以及模糊控制理论。在此基础上，提出了用模糊理论实现对汽包水位进行控制的方案，并进行了系统软、硬件的设计。考虑到现场情况，还对系统软、硬件进行了抗干扰设计。
该控制器硬件以AT89C52单片机为核心，在外围电路设计时考虑到系统的可扩展性和通用性，使本硬件系统能适用于多种场合；软件用C51语言编写，并用EasyScope 8052F仿真器对软件进行了仿真运行。通过实验室模拟，证明了该控制器是一个低成本、高效能的设计，具有较高的理论研究和实际应用价值。
The boiler is a typical complex thermodynamic system. For steam boiler, maintaining water level of the steam drum in a certain range is the chief requirement to guarantee the boiler running safely. The water level control for the steam drum is all along a typical issue in the control domain. With the development of control theory and technology, there have been many control systems based on classical and/or modern control theory applied to water level control of the steam drum. However, they are all established on the basis of the mathematical models of the objects being controlled. Because of the complexity of the water level of the steam drum, its exact mathematical model often can not be obtained, so, the simpler the control system, the worse the effects, and vice versa.
If fuzzy theory is applied to design control system, we need not know the exact mathematical models of the objects being controlled. Thus, as to many complex systems whose exact mathematical models can not be established, we could get the better control effects. Meanwhile, the system hardware design can be simplified. According to this, fuzzy theory is applied to design the controller of the steam drum water level in this paper.
The dynamic characteristics of steam drum water level along with its traditional control technology and the fuzzy control theory have been detailedly analyzed in this paper. On the basis of these analyses, a scheme using fuzzy theory to control steam drum water level has been proposed, and the system hardware and software have been designed. Consider the
The core of the controller hardware is AT89C52 MCU. During design of the outer-ring circuit, the expandability and the generality of the controller have been considered, so that it can be suitable for many other applications. The software is programmed by C51, and is simulated by EasyScope 8052F simulator. By imitating in the laboratory, it is proved that this design is a low cost and high efficiency one, and it’s valuable for theory and application study.
引文
[1] 翁维勤，孙洪程．过程控制系统及工程．北京：化学工业出版社，2002，199~201
[2] 蒋慰孙，俞金寿．过程控制工程（第二版）．北京：中国石化出版社，1988，278~280
[3] 刘向杰，彭一民，周孝信．模糊控制在热工控制中的应用现状及前景．中国控制会议论文集，1998，785~792
[4] 杨正进．工业锅炉汽包水位单冲量仿人智能控制的研究及应用：[学位论文]．重庆：重庆大学，2002
[5] 余永权，曾碧．单片机模糊逻辑控制．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[6] 郑勖．模糊控制在电厂热工过程中的研究：[学位论文]．西安：西安交通大学，2000
[7] 胡一倩，吕剑虹，张铁军．模糊控制在锅炉热工控制中的应用简介及研究前景．工业控制计算机2002，15（4）：25~27
[8] H. W. Kwan and J. H. Anderson, "Mathematics model of a 200MW bailer" Int. J. Control. Vol. 12. No. 6. December, 1970
[9] Gordon Pellegrinetti and Joseph Bentsman, "Nonlinear Control Oriented Boiler Modeling--A Benchmark Problem for Controller Design." IEEE Trans. Control Systems Technology, Vol. 4. No. 1, January 1996
[10] 赵延东．模糊控制器的分析和改进：[学位论文]．沈阳：东北大学，2002
[11] 丁轲轲，刘久斌，林青．热工过程自动调节．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2000
[12] 金以慧．过程控制．北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[13] L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Information and Control. Vol.8. 1965
[14] 李士勇等．模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1991
[15] 诸静等．模糊控制原理与应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[16] Li-Xin Wang. A Course in Fuzzy Systems and Control. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1997
[17] 易继锴，侯媛彬．智能控制技术．北京：北京工业大学出版社，1999
[18] 汤兵勇，路林吉，王文杰．模糊控制理论与应用技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[19] 韩启纲，吴锡祺．计算机模糊控制技术与仪表装置．北京：中国计量出版社，1999
[20] 刘曙光，魏俊民，竺志超．模糊控制技术．北京：中国纺织出版社，2001
[21] 李友善，李军．模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用．北京：国防工业出版社，1993
[22] 何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[23] Atmel Corporation. AT89C52 Datasheet, 1999
[24] 薛钧义，张彦斌．MCS-51/96系列单片微型计算机及其应用．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1997
[25] 李华等．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1993
[26] 王幸之等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[27] 李朝青．单片机&DSP外围数字IC技术手册．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[28] 马忠梅，刘滨等．单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[29] National Semiconductor. ADC0808/ADC0809 Datasheet, 1999
[30] National Semiconductor. DAC0830/DAC0832 Datasheet, 1999
[31] Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. MC4558 Datasheet, 2001
[32] Cypress Semiconductor Corporation. CY6264 Datasheet, 1996
[33] SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics. M2764A Datasheet, 1995
[34] Maxim Integrated Products. MAX220–MAX249 family Datasheet, 2003
[35] 张培仁等．基于C语言编程MCS-51单片机原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[36] Keil Software, Inc. , Cx51 Compiler User’s Guide, 2001
[37] 涂爱钧，彭秀华．单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[2] 蒋慰孙，俞金寿．过程控制工程（第二版）．北京：中国石化出版社，1988，278~280
[3] 刘向杰，彭一民，周孝信．模糊控制在热工控制中的应用现状及前景．中国控制会议论文集，1998，785~792
[4] 杨正进．工业锅炉汽包水位单冲量仿人智能控制的研究及应用：[学位论文]．重庆：重庆大学，2002
[5] 余永权，曾碧．单片机模糊逻辑控制．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[6] 郑勖．模糊控制在电厂热工过程中的研究：[学位论文]．西安：西安交通大学，2000
[7] 胡一倩，吕剑虹，张铁军．模糊控制在锅炉热工控制中的应用简介及研究前景．工业控制计算机2002，15（4）：25~27
[8] H. W. Kwan and J. H. Anderson, "Mathematics model of a 200MW bailer" Int. J. Control. Vol. 12. No. 6. December, 1970
[9] Gordon Pellegrinetti and Joseph Bentsman, "Nonlinear Control Oriented Boiler Modeling--A Benchmark Problem for Controller Design." IEEE Trans. Control Systems Technology, Vol. 4. No. 1, January 1996
[10] 赵延东．模糊控制器的分析和改进：[学位论文]．沈阳：东北大学，2002
[11] 丁轲轲，刘久斌，林青．热工过程自动调节．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2000
[12] 金以慧．过程控制．北京：清华大学出版社，1993
[13] L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Information and Control. Vol.8. 1965
[14] 李士勇等．模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1991
[15] 诸静等．模糊控制原理与应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[16] Li-Xin Wang. A Course in Fuzzy Systems and Control. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1997
[17] 易继锴，侯媛彬．智能控制技术．北京：北京工业大学出版社，1999
[18] 汤兵勇，路林吉，王文杰．模糊控制理论与应用技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[19] 韩启纲，吴锡祺．计算机模糊控制技术与仪表装置．北京：中国计量出版社，1999
[20] 刘曙光，魏俊民，竺志超．模糊控制技术．北京：中国纺织出版社，2001
[21] 李友善，李军．模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用．北京：国防工业出版社，1993
[22] 何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
[23] Atmel Corporation. AT89C52 Datasheet, 1999
[24] 薛钧义，张彦斌．MCS-51/96系列单片微型计算机及其应用．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1997
[25] 李华等．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1993
[26] 王幸之等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[27] 李朝青．单片机&DSP外围数字IC技术手册．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[28] 马忠梅，刘滨等．单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[29] National Semiconductor. ADC0808/ADC0809 Datasheet, 1999
[30] National Semiconductor. DAC0830/DAC0832 Datasheet, 1999
[31] Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. MC4558 Datasheet, 2001
[32] Cypress Semiconductor Corporation. CY6264 Datasheet, 1996
[33] SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics. M2764A Datasheet, 1995
[34] Maxim Integrated Products. MAX220–MAX249 family Datasheet, 2003
[35] 张培仁等．基于C语言编程MCS-51单片机原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[36] Keil Software, Inc. , Cx51 Compiler User’s Guide, 2001
[37] 涂爱钧，彭秀华．单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
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