超高盐高磷废水磷酸盐还原系统构建研究
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摘要
目前,对于高磷废水的处理主要方法有吸附法、化学法和生物法。吸附法和化学法分别存在吸附剂的抗干扰性差、溶解损失、再生困难和运行费用较高、化学污泥量大、处置难度大等问题;而聚磷菌生物除磷工艺则存在富磷剩余污泥排放量大、二次污染和污泥处置等问题。近年来,随着水环境氮磷污染和富营养化的加剧,以及氮磷排放标准的提高,开发高效除磷技术成为当务之急。本研究以超高盐高磷榨菜腌制废水为研究对象,开展基于磷酸盐生物还原的新型除磷技术研究,以实现磷的高效低耗去除和剩余污泥的减排。
研究以在反应器中构建磷酸盐生物还原系统为目标,对负荷、温度及进水pH值对磷酸盐生物还原系统构建的影响进行了系统研究,通过正交试验,探讨了各因素对系统构建的综合影响,并建立了厌氧条件下的定量正交回归方程。经过对多种磷酸盐生物还原系统构建方式的研究比较,采用先好氧再转厌氧的启动方式,首次在生物反应器中成功地构建了磷酸盐生物还原系统,得出了系统构建的方法及关键控制参数;同时实现了嗜盐菌系统的快速构建。主要研究成果如下:
①采用直接厌氧启动方式时,盐度提升方式、负荷和温度对反应器降解COD效能的影响较大,而对反应器去除正磷酸盐效能的影响较小。水温30℃,负荷为1.0kgCOD/m~3·d,盐度提升方式采用初始盐度为2.0%(NaCl计,下同),在某一盐度下反应器的COD去除率达到70%后,然后每次提升0.5%的盐度直至达到目标盐度7%,反应器启动完成时间为127d,COD去除率达70%;但相应条件下,反应器的正磷酸盐去除率较低,最高时只有15%左右。此时,反应器中优势菌种为杆状嗜盐菌。
②采用先好氧再转厌氧的启动方式时,好氧条件下,盐度提升方式对反应器COD及正磷酸盐处理效能的影响不显著。负荷对COD去除的影响不显著,当负荷为0.5kgCOD/m~3·d和1.0kgCOD/m~3·d时,反应器的COD去除率均达90%以上;但负荷对反应器正磷酸盐去除效能影响较显著,负荷为1.0kgCOD/m~3·d时正磷酸盐去除率较高,维持在40%左右。此时,优势菌群为杆状嗜盐菌。反应器在好氧启动过程中未排除剩余污泥,泥龄较长,为长泥龄系统。
③反应器好氧启动再转厌氧运行稳定后,负荷和温度对反应器COD及正磷酸盐处理效果的影响较显著,进水pH值的影响较小。采用正交试验考察了负荷、温度及进水pH值对构建磷酸盐还原系统的综合影响,研究结果表明,负荷对反应器COD及正磷酸盐处理效能的影响高度显著,温度次之,进水pH值的影响不显著,并得出Nv、t与出水COD的回归方程和Nv、pH、t与出水正磷酸盐的回归方程,分别为COD=8122.5+1378NV-241.8t+322和(NV-1.5)(t-27.5)PO_4~(3-)-P=122.87+5.64NV-1.13t-6.73pH。30℃下、负荷为1.0kgCOD/m~3·d和进水pH值为7.1时,反应器对COD及正磷酸盐处理效能较高,去除率分别为73.73%和44.88%,初步构建了磷酸盐生物还原系统。
④通过氧环境对磷酸盐还原系统影响研究发现, NO_3~--N可以促进磷酸盐还原作用;好氧条件下反应器的正磷酸盐去除效能高于厌氧条件下,正磷酸盐去除率为42.43%,比厌氧条件下高25.61%。
研究内容针对性强,研究结果具有重要的实用价值,为开发基于磷酸盐还原的新型生物除磷工艺提供了理论和技术支持,具有相当的前沿性,是现有生物除磷的革新技术,研究具有重要的现实意义。
In general, the high phosphorus treatment technics were mainly absorb, chemical and biological technics. The absorption has disadvantages of anti-jamming in sorbent, loss in dissolve and difficulty in regeneration, etc, while the chemical phosphorus removal technic was problematic in high running cost, huge chemical sludge produce, difficult disposition, etc. And, there is disadvantage of mass in discharge of rich-phosphorus sludge in the PAO biological phosphorus removal technique. In recent years, with the aggravation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and eutrophication of water environment, as well as the improvement in discharge standards of nitrogen and phosphorus, it is urgent affairs to exploit a highly efficient phosphorus technic. This thesis, focusing on hypersaline and high phosphorus wastewater, studied the newly phosphorus removal technique based on phosphate bio-reduction to achieve high efficiency and low cost in phosphorus removal and decrease in discharge of surplus sludge.
Aiming to build the phosphate bio-reduction in reactor, the thesis systemically researched on the effect of organic loading, temperature and influent pH value on building the phosphate bio-reduction. During orthogonal experiment, the integration influence of each factor was discussed, and the quantitative orthogonal regress equation in anaerobic was found. By comparing some building manners of phosphate bio-reduction, and adopting startup manner of aerobic first and anaerobic subsequently, it succeeds in building the phosphate bio-reduction system in biological reactor for the first time, and gained the manner of building system and the key control parameters. Besides, quickly building of halophilic system was achieved in this thesis. The main conclusions are as follows:
①When adopting direct anaerobic startup, the salinity shift manners, organic loading and temperature had more impact on the removal of COD, but minor impact on the removal of phosphate. With the temperature of 30℃, organic loading of 1.0kgCOD/m~3·d, the salinity shift manner adopted 2.0% initial salinity (NaCl calculated, take the same as follows); when the removal rate of COD achieved 70% in some salinity, and then upgraded 0.5% salinity each time until the goal salinity, the time of reactor complete startup was 127d, the removal rate of COD achieved 70%; however, under the same condition, the removal of phosphate was low, the top removal rate was about 15%. The predominance bacterium was halophilic bacillus in the reactor.
②When adopting startup manner of aerobic first and anaerobic subsequently, the salinity shift manners had no prominent impact on the removal of COD and phosphate in the condition of aerobic. The organic loading had minor impact on the removal of COD. When the organic loading was 0.5kgCOD/m~3·d and 1.0kgCOD/m~3·d, the removal rate of COD all achieved more then 90%; but the organic loading has marked impact on the removal of phosphate. When the loading was 1.0kgCOD/m~3·d, the removal rate of phosphate was rather higher, keeping about 40%. This way, the predominance bacterium was halophilic bacillus in the reactor. During the aerobic startup, the reactor didn’t discharge the surplus sludge, and the sludge age of it was rather long, which was a long sludge age system.
③After the stabilization of reactor anaerobic running which aerobic startup first, the organic loading and temperature had the rather prominent impact on the removal of COD and phosphate, but the influence of influent pH value was minor. The integration influence of organic loading, temperature and influent pH value to build the phosphate bio-reduction by orthogonal experiments was studied. The main results indicated that the organic loading has marked prominent impact on the removal of COD and phosphate, temperature second, and the influence of influent pH value is no prominence. Besides, the thesis achieved the regress equation between Nv, t and effluent COD and the regress equation between Nv, pH, t and effluent phosphate, which were COD=8122.5+1378NV-241.8t+322(NV-1.5)(t-27.5) and PO_4~(3-)-P=122.87+5.64NV- 1.13t-6.73pH, respectively. When the temperature is 30℃, organic loading is1.0kgCOD/m~3·d and influent pH value is 7.1, the removal rate of COD and phosphate were rather higher with 73.73% and 44.88% respectively, which preliminarily built the phosphate bio-reduction system.
④Through the study of the influence of oxygen condition on phosphate bio-reduction system, conclusions were drawn as follows: the concentration of NO3--N could accelerate the phosphate bio-reduction process; the removal rate of phosphate in aerobic condition was higher than that in anaerobic condition, the removal rate of phosphate was 42.43%, which was higher than 25.61% in anaerobic condition.
The contents of this thesis were strong in pertinency, and the results were important in practicality value, which could provide theory and technic support in exploiting the new biological phosphorus technic based on phosphate reduction, and the thesis has considerable cutting-edge, which was a reformable technic to the biological phosphorus removal technics in existence. And, the research has an important realistic significance.
研究以在反应器中构建磷酸盐生物还原系统为目标,对负荷、温度及进水pH值对磷酸盐生物还原系统构建的影响进行了系统研究,通过正交试验,探讨了各因素对系统构建的综合影响,并建立了厌氧条件下的定量正交回归方程。经过对多种磷酸盐生物还原系统构建方式的研究比较,采用先好氧再转厌氧的启动方式,首次在生物反应器中成功地构建了磷酸盐生物还原系统,得出了系统构建的方法及关键控制参数;同时实现了嗜盐菌系统的快速构建。主要研究成果如下:
①采用直接厌氧启动方式时,盐度提升方式、负荷和温度对反应器降解COD效能的影响较大,而对反应器去除正磷酸盐效能的影响较小。水温30℃,负荷为1.0kgCOD/m~3·d,盐度提升方式采用初始盐度为2.0%(NaCl计,下同),在某一盐度下反应器的COD去除率达到70%后,然后每次提升0.5%的盐度直至达到目标盐度7%,反应器启动完成时间为127d,COD去除率达70%;但相应条件下,反应器的正磷酸盐去除率较低,最高时只有15%左右。此时,反应器中优势菌种为杆状嗜盐菌。
②采用先好氧再转厌氧的启动方式时,好氧条件下,盐度提升方式对反应器COD及正磷酸盐处理效能的影响不显著。负荷对COD去除的影响不显著,当负荷为0.5kgCOD/m~3·d和1.0kgCOD/m~3·d时,反应器的COD去除率均达90%以上;但负荷对反应器正磷酸盐去除效能影响较显著,负荷为1.0kgCOD/m~3·d时正磷酸盐去除率较高,维持在40%左右。此时,优势菌群为杆状嗜盐菌。反应器在好氧启动过程中未排除剩余污泥,泥龄较长,为长泥龄系统。
③反应器好氧启动再转厌氧运行稳定后,负荷和温度对反应器COD及正磷酸盐处理效果的影响较显著,进水pH值的影响较小。采用正交试验考察了负荷、温度及进水pH值对构建磷酸盐还原系统的综合影响,研究结果表明,负荷对反应器COD及正磷酸盐处理效能的影响高度显著,温度次之,进水pH值的影响不显著,并得出Nv、t与出水COD的回归方程和Nv、pH、t与出水正磷酸盐的回归方程,分别为COD=8122.5+1378NV-241.8t+322和(NV-1.5)(t-27.5)PO_4~(3-)-P=122.87+5.64NV-1.13t-6.73pH。30℃下、负荷为1.0kgCOD/m~3·d和进水pH值为7.1时,反应器对COD及正磷酸盐处理效能较高,去除率分别为73.73%和44.88%,初步构建了磷酸盐生物还原系统。
④通过氧环境对磷酸盐还原系统影响研究发现, NO_3~--N可以促进磷酸盐还原作用;好氧条件下反应器的正磷酸盐去除效能高于厌氧条件下,正磷酸盐去除率为42.43%,比厌氧条件下高25.61%。
研究内容针对性强,研究结果具有重要的实用价值,为开发基于磷酸盐还原的新型生物除磷工艺提供了理论和技术支持,具有相当的前沿性,是现有生物除磷的革新技术,研究具有重要的现实意义。
In general, the high phosphorus treatment technics were mainly absorb, chemical and biological technics. The absorption has disadvantages of anti-jamming in sorbent, loss in dissolve and difficulty in regeneration, etc, while the chemical phosphorus removal technic was problematic in high running cost, huge chemical sludge produce, difficult disposition, etc. And, there is disadvantage of mass in discharge of rich-phosphorus sludge in the PAO biological phosphorus removal technique. In recent years, with the aggravation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and eutrophication of water environment, as well as the improvement in discharge standards of nitrogen and phosphorus, it is urgent affairs to exploit a highly efficient phosphorus technic. This thesis, focusing on hypersaline and high phosphorus wastewater, studied the newly phosphorus removal technique based on phosphate bio-reduction to achieve high efficiency and low cost in phosphorus removal and decrease in discharge of surplus sludge.
Aiming to build the phosphate bio-reduction in reactor, the thesis systemically researched on the effect of organic loading, temperature and influent pH value on building the phosphate bio-reduction. During orthogonal experiment, the integration influence of each factor was discussed, and the quantitative orthogonal regress equation in anaerobic was found. By comparing some building manners of phosphate bio-reduction, and adopting startup manner of aerobic first and anaerobic subsequently, it succeeds in building the phosphate bio-reduction system in biological reactor for the first time, and gained the manner of building system and the key control parameters. Besides, quickly building of halophilic system was achieved in this thesis. The main conclusions are as follows:
①When adopting direct anaerobic startup, the salinity shift manners, organic loading and temperature had more impact on the removal of COD, but minor impact on the removal of phosphate. With the temperature of 30℃, organic loading of 1.0kgCOD/m~3·d, the salinity shift manner adopted 2.0% initial salinity (NaCl calculated, take the same as follows); when the removal rate of COD achieved 70% in some salinity, and then upgraded 0.5% salinity each time until the goal salinity, the time of reactor complete startup was 127d, the removal rate of COD achieved 70%; however, under the same condition, the removal of phosphate was low, the top removal rate was about 15%. The predominance bacterium was halophilic bacillus in the reactor.
②When adopting startup manner of aerobic first and anaerobic subsequently, the salinity shift manners had no prominent impact on the removal of COD and phosphate in the condition of aerobic. The organic loading had minor impact on the removal of COD. When the organic loading was 0.5kgCOD/m~3·d and 1.0kgCOD/m~3·d, the removal rate of COD all achieved more then 90%; but the organic loading has marked impact on the removal of phosphate. When the loading was 1.0kgCOD/m~3·d, the removal rate of phosphate was rather higher, keeping about 40%. This way, the predominance bacterium was halophilic bacillus in the reactor. During the aerobic startup, the reactor didn’t discharge the surplus sludge, and the sludge age of it was rather long, which was a long sludge age system.
③After the stabilization of reactor anaerobic running which aerobic startup first, the organic loading and temperature had the rather prominent impact on the removal of COD and phosphate, but the influence of influent pH value was minor. The integration influence of organic loading, temperature and influent pH value to build the phosphate bio-reduction by orthogonal experiments was studied. The main results indicated that the organic loading has marked prominent impact on the removal of COD and phosphate, temperature second, and the influence of influent pH value is no prominence. Besides, the thesis achieved the regress equation between Nv, t and effluent COD and the regress equation between Nv, pH, t and effluent phosphate, which were COD=8122.5+1378NV-241.8t+322(NV-1.5)(t-27.5) and PO_4~(3-)-P=122.87+5.64NV- 1.13t-6.73pH, respectively. When the temperature is 30℃, organic loading is1.0kgCOD/m~3·d and influent pH value is 7.1, the removal rate of COD and phosphate were rather higher with 73.73% and 44.88% respectively, which preliminarily built the phosphate bio-reduction system.
④Through the study of the influence of oxygen condition on phosphate bio-reduction system, conclusions were drawn as follows: the concentration of NO3--N could accelerate the phosphate bio-reduction process; the removal rate of phosphate in aerobic condition was higher than that in anaerobic condition, the removal rate of phosphate was 42.43%, which was higher than 25.61% in anaerobic condition.
The contents of this thesis were strong in pertinency, and the results were important in practicality value, which could provide theory and technic support in exploiting the new biological phosphorus technic based on phosphate reduction, and the thesis has considerable cutting-edge, which was a reformable technic to the biological phosphorus removal technics in existence. And, the research has an important realistic significance.
引文
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