循环式活性污泥法（CAST）处理高盐废水的试验研究
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摘要
近年来,高含盐废水的生物处理一直是国内外废水处理领域的研究热点,各种新工艺也层出不穷,CAST(Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology)工艺就是其中一种,它是基于SBR的技术特点,结合生物选择原理开发的一种新型工艺。该工艺能为同步硝化反硝化(SND)提供有利工艺条件而实现高效脱氮,因此该工艺不仅具有流程短、效率高、占地省的突出特点,而且具有良好去除有机物和氮、磷的巨大的功能。本论文采用CAST工艺研究了高盐废水下有机物降解及氨氮去除变化规律。首先通过逐步提高废水中的海水比例(从0%到70%)和直接向废水中加入50%比例海水的形式,对两种活性污泥进行高盐驯化的方式进行了比较,然后研究了不同有机物和氨氮进水负荷以及盐度冲击对高盐活性污泥系统有机物和氨氮去除率的影响。
试验结果表明,常温(25℃)下,在进水COD浓度为350mg/L左右的条件下,通过逐步提高海水比例至50%和直接加入50%比例海水的两种高盐活性污泥驯化方式均可使COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到85%左右和87%左右,但前者的驯化时间比后者长。驯化完成后,SVI值变小,活性污泥的沉降性能越来越好。
在pH值为7.0左右、溶解氧在2.0～3.0mg/L、污泥浓度为3500mg/L的试验条件下,进水COD为350mg/L及NH_4~+-N为40mg/L左右时,有机物的去除率和生物脱氮效率整体上随着盐度的升高而降低,当盐度超过17.25g/L(50%海水比例)时,有机物的去除效率明显下降,说明去除有机物的微生物的耐盐极限为17.25g/L;与有机物去除率相比,海水比例在70%范围内,氨氮去除率受盐度影响不大,这种差别是由于盐度对去除有机物和氨氮的各自微生物影响程度不同造成的。
驯化完成后的高盐活性污泥系统,进水有机物和氨氮浓度负荷的增加会导致有机物和氨氮去除效率的下降。另外,在50%海水比例的稳定系统下,对CAST生化反应系统进行冲击,当30%海水比例盐度冲击时对系统内的有机物和氨氮去除影响较小,当70%高盐度冲击和无盐环境下时,则分别需要恢复3个周期和5个周期才能接近达到未受冲击前的去除水平。
In recent years,high-salt wastewater biological treatment has been the hotspot of research in academe and engineering world,and various new technologies are emerging in endlessly.CAST(Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology) process is a new techniques which is based on SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) and combined with biological selection principle. Since it can provide SND(Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification) with good technical conditions to realize high efficiency denitrogenation,so it does not only proved short flow, high efficiency,space saver,but also has good effect on removing organism and nitrogen and so on.In this paper,the organics degradation rate and NH_4~+-N removal efficiency are studied in high salinity wastewater by CAST process.At first,compared the active sludge acclimations,under two conditions of increasing the seawater proportion to 70%gradually and remaining 50%seawater load at beginning.And then the effects of influent concentration of COD,NH_4~+-N and stock salinity on the whole activate sludge system are also studied.
Under normal temperature(25℃),experimental results showed that the removal rate of COD and NH_4~+-N from high-salt wastewater is about 85%and 87%respectively under the condition of the influent COD concentration is 350mg/L,But the fomer need longer acclimated time than the latter one.After acclimation,the SⅥ(sludge volume index) decreased with the increasing of salinity,and sludge settling property has improved.
Under the experimental condition of pH around 7.0;dissolved oxygen:2.0～3.0mg/L; sludge concentration about 3500mg/L;the influent concentration of COD and NH_4~+-N are 350mg/L and 40mg/L respectively,the removal efficiency of organics and biological nitrogen decreased with the salinity increasing.When the salinity exceeded 17.25g/L(50% seawater propotion),the removal efficiency of organics decreased significantly,the result shows that the limit for microorganisms salt-tolerant of organics removal is 17.25g/L. Compared to organics removal efficiency,the influence of salinity was not remarkable in the scope of 70%seawater proportion,this kind of difference is due to the influence of different degree in removing organics and NH_4~+-N with salinity.
In the steady high salinity sludge system,with the influent concentration of COD and NH_4~+-N increasing,the removal efficiency drops.In addition,the salinity shock effect of 30% proportion seawater on COD and NH_4~+-N removal efficiency is light in the steady CAST system,and the salinity shock of 70%proportion seawater need three cycles to come back the initialization,and no seawater need five cycles.
试验结果表明,常温(25℃)下,在进水COD浓度为350mg/L左右的条件下,通过逐步提高海水比例至50%和直接加入50%比例海水的两种高盐活性污泥驯化方式均可使COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到85%左右和87%左右,但前者的驯化时间比后者长。驯化完成后,SVI值变小,活性污泥的沉降性能越来越好。
在pH值为7.0左右、溶解氧在2.0～3.0mg/L、污泥浓度为3500mg/L的试验条件下,进水COD为350mg/L及NH_4~+-N为40mg/L左右时,有机物的去除率和生物脱氮效率整体上随着盐度的升高而降低,当盐度超过17.25g/L(50%海水比例)时,有机物的去除效率明显下降,说明去除有机物的微生物的耐盐极限为17.25g/L;与有机物去除率相比,海水比例在70%范围内,氨氮去除率受盐度影响不大,这种差别是由于盐度对去除有机物和氨氮的各自微生物影响程度不同造成的。
驯化完成后的高盐活性污泥系统,进水有机物和氨氮浓度负荷的增加会导致有机物和氨氮去除效率的下降。另外,在50%海水比例的稳定系统下,对CAST生化反应系统进行冲击,当30%海水比例盐度冲击时对系统内的有机物和氨氮去除影响较小,当70%高盐度冲击和无盐环境下时,则分别需要恢复3个周期和5个周期才能接近达到未受冲击前的去除水平。
In recent years,high-salt wastewater biological treatment has been the hotspot of research in academe and engineering world,and various new technologies are emerging in endlessly.CAST(Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology) process is a new techniques which is based on SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) and combined with biological selection principle. Since it can provide SND(Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification) with good technical conditions to realize high efficiency denitrogenation,so it does not only proved short flow, high efficiency,space saver,but also has good effect on removing organism and nitrogen and so on.In this paper,the organics degradation rate and NH_4~+-N removal efficiency are studied in high salinity wastewater by CAST process.At first,compared the active sludge acclimations,under two conditions of increasing the seawater proportion to 70%gradually and remaining 50%seawater load at beginning.And then the effects of influent concentration of COD,NH_4~+-N and stock salinity on the whole activate sludge system are also studied.
Under normal temperature(25℃),experimental results showed that the removal rate of COD and NH_4~+-N from high-salt wastewater is about 85%and 87%respectively under the condition of the influent COD concentration is 350mg/L,But the fomer need longer acclimated time than the latter one.After acclimation,the SⅥ(sludge volume index) decreased with the increasing of salinity,and sludge settling property has improved.
Under the experimental condition of pH around 7.0;dissolved oxygen:2.0～3.0mg/L; sludge concentration about 3500mg/L;the influent concentration of COD and NH_4~+-N are 350mg/L and 40mg/L respectively,the removal efficiency of organics and biological nitrogen decreased with the salinity increasing.When the salinity exceeded 17.25g/L(50% seawater propotion),the removal efficiency of organics decreased significantly,the result shows that the limit for microorganisms salt-tolerant of organics removal is 17.25g/L. Compared to organics removal efficiency,the influence of salinity was not remarkable in the scope of 70%seawater proportion,this kind of difference is due to the influence of different degree in removing organics and NH_4~+-N with salinity.
In the steady high salinity sludge system,with the influent concentration of COD and NH_4~+-N increasing,the removal efficiency drops.In addition,the salinity shock effect of 30% proportion seawater on COD and NH_4~+-N removal efficiency is light in the steady CAST system,and the salinity shock of 70%proportion seawater need three cycles to come back the initialization,and no seawater need five cycles.
引文
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[4]Brent M.Peyton,Tomas Wilson,David R.Yonge..Kinetics of phenol biodegrade- -tion in high salt solutions.Wat.Res.2002,36:4811-4820
[5]C.R.Woolard,R.L.Irvine..Treatment of hypersaline wastewater in the sequencing batch reactor.Wat.Res.1995,29(4):1159-1168
[6]赵丹,任南琪等.生物脱氮微生物学及研究进展.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(5):60-65.
[7]曾朝银.高盐高氮有机浓度榨菜废水脱氮除磷技术试验研究:[重庆大学硕士论文].2005,5-7
[8]Stewart J Ludwing H.F,and Kearns W.H.Effect of Varying Salinity on Extended Aeration Process.J.Water Pollution Control Federation,1962,34(11):31-37
[9]Hamoda M F and Al-Atlar I M S.Effects of High Sodium Chloride Concentration on Activated Sludge Treatment.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1995,10(1):5-7
[10]陈郭健.高盐度高氨氮肠衣废水的治理研究.环境与开发,1995,10(1):5-7
[11]何健,陈立伟,李顺鹏.高盐度难降解工业废水生化处理的研究.中国沼气,2000,18(2):12-16
[12]刘样凤,李青山,乌锡康.驯化活性污泥处理高含盐量有机废水的研究.工业用水与废水,2002,33(4):43-45
[13]王静,张雨山,徐梅生.完全混合活性污泥法处理含海水污水时基质降解与需氧量之间的关系.海洋技术,2002,21(4):8-10
[14]杨健,王士芬.高含盐量石油发酵工业废水处理研究.给水排水,1999,25(3):35-38
[15]Charles Glass et al.Denitrification of High-Nitrate High-Salinity Wastewater.Wat.RES.,1999,33(1):223-229
[16]崔有为,张国辉.海水冲厕污水生物处理可行性研究.工业水处理,2003,12(2):33-36
[17]李琳琳,林冰,徐金枝.CASS法处理含盐废水的研究.工业用水与废水,2003,34(4):33-35
[18]于德爽.海水冲厕污水生物处理研究:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2003
[19]Thongchai Panswad,Chadarut Anan.Impact of High Chloride Wastewater on an Anaerobic/Anoxic/aerobic with and without Inoculation of Chloride Acclimated.Wat.Res.,1999,3(5):1165-1172
[20]张延青,谢经良,沈晓南.海水利用后排水对城市污水处理厂生物处理的影响.城市 环境与城市生态,2003,16(6):126-127
[21]Lefebvre,O,Vasudevan,N,Torrijos,M,et al.Anaerobic digestion of tannery soak liquor with an aerobic post-treatment[J].Water Res.,2006,40(7):1492-1500
[22]An Li and Gu Guowei.The Treatment of Saline Wastewater Using a Two-Stage Contact Oxidation Method.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1993,28(7):31-37
[23]尤作亮.海水直接利用与含海水城市污水处理.水工业和可持续发展,1997,2(2):226-231
[24]刘洁玲.A-B两段法处理高含盐皂化废水的研究.工业用水与废水,1999,30(1):6-8
[25]石建敏,黄新文,林春绵等.无机盐对生物接触氧化处理法的影响.浙江工业大学学报,2003,31(1):97-100
[26]Lawton G.W.and Eggert E V.Effect of High Sodium Chloride Concentritions on TricklingFilter Slimes.Sewage and Industrial Wasters,1957,29(11):1228-1236
[27]Mills E V.Effect of saline sewage can on the performance of percolating filters[J].Water and Wastewater Treatment,1992,(9):170-172
[28]Yang L,Lai C T.Biological treatment of mineral oil in a salty environment[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,2000,42(5):369375
[29]Dincer A R,Kargi F.Performance of rotating biological dise system treating saline wastewater.Process Biochemistry,2001,36(13):901-906
[30]Mendez R.Pilot plant studies on the anaerobic treatment wastewater from a fish-canning factory.Wat.Envir.Res.,1992,25(1):37-44
[31]Cumersinda Ferjoo,Manust Soto.Sodium inhibition in the anaerobic digestion process:antahonism and adaptation phenomena.Enzyme and Microb.Technol.,1995,17(1):180-188
[32]Goronszy M.C.,朱明权,Wutscher K..循环式活性污泥法(CAST)的应用及其发展.中国给水排水,1996,12(6):4-10
[33]沈耀良,王宝贞.废水生物处理新技术理论与应用.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996(6)
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