高盐环境微生物的分离、鉴定及其在含盐废水处理中的应用研究
|
摘要
嗜盐菌是一类生长在盐湖、海洋等高盐环境下的微生物,生理性质独特,在理论和应用方面都具有很高的研究价值。本研究主要对新疆阿尔金山自然保护区阿牙克库木湖、浙江沿海盐场和中国东海嗜盐微生物进行分离和多样性分析,对部分菌株进行多相分类学研究,并将嗜盐微生物应用于含盐废水处理过程,构建了在高盐环境下高效降解污染物的嗜盐微生物群落。
本研究从从新疆阿尔金山自然保护区阿牙克库木湖、浙江沿海盐场和中国东海分离出454株嗜(耐)盐菌。从中挑选了139株进行了16S rRNA基因序列测定和分析,结果表明在三种盐环境下分离的嗜盐微生物类型有很大差异。阿牙克库木湖测序菌株古菌占65%,其中以Halorubrum属菌株最多。盐场测序菌株中古菌仅占31%,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)成员占43%,Halobacillus属成员所占比例最大。海洋样品测序菌株多样性最高,全部为真细菌,其中67.5%属于变形菌门,Marinobacter属的成员在所测菌株中比例最高,其次为Halomonas属。
分离菌株中多株与相近物种具有较远的遗传距离,本研究对分离自榨菜废水反应器的菌株FS24、分离自中国东海的菌株908115和ILY2进行了多相分类学研究,结果表明这三株菌分别代表Citricoccus、Marinobacter和Alcanivorax属下新的分类单元。分别命名为Citricoccus zhacaiensis sp.nov.,Marinobacter donghaiensissp.nov.和Alcanivorax ningii sp.nov.
含盐废水因其高盐特性使一般微生物无法在其中正常生长,对废水生物处理产生毒害作用,使污水处理站对高盐污水的处理效果大幅度降低而无法达到国家排放标准。对废水稀释处理又会造成能源和水资源的浪费,使处理设施庞大、投资增加,运行费用提高。嗜盐微生物生活在高盐环境下,在漫长的地质年代里形成了对盐特殊的适应性。本研究从高盐废水的特点出发,从天然高盐环境中筛选分离适应含盐废水环境的微生物,通过测定菌株对污染物的降解效果和生理生化特性,构建了高效处理榨菜废水的菌群,可高效去除废水中的COD,针对榨菜废水原液低pH的特点,筛选了可提高废水pH的微生物,与高效菌配合使用即可自动调节废水pH,又能迅速降低废水COD。
我国具有丰富的高盐环境资源,海洋国土辽阔,盐场数量众多,盐湖星罗棋布,对高盐环境微生物资源的开发和利用,可提高人们对于高盐生态系统和高盐环境下生命现象的认识,为高盐污染物治理提供材料和科学依据,嗜盐微生物的酶类在工业生产中也具有很好的应用前景。
Halophile is a kind of microorganisms which live in high saline environments, such as salt lakes and the ocean. Their special biological characteristics have a great research and application value, and they have been taken particularly interests in recent years. In this study, we investigated the biodiversity of cultured halophiles from Ayakekum Lake in Xinjiang region, salterns in Zhejiang and the East China Sea. A systematic study had been conducted on the taxonomy of three isolates. We also constructed a high efficiency halophilic bacteria group to treat the saline wastewater.
We isolated 454 halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms from Ayakekum Lake in Xinjiang region, salterns in Zhejiang and the East China Sea and 139 of them have been taken into 16S rDNA study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes of these strains indicated that members in this three kind of saline environments are different. About 65% of the isolates from Ayakekum Lake were halophilic archaea, and members of Halorubrum share the greatest proportion. As for saltern samples, about 43% of the isolates were Firmicutes members, and members of the genus Halobacillus were more than the other groups. Only 31% of isolates were archaea. Isolates from sea water samples showed highest biodiversity. All of the isolates from sea water sample were bacteria, and 67.5% of them belong to Proteobacteria. Number of isolates belong to the genus Marinobacter were the biggest among isolated sea bacteria, followed by the Halomonas species.
Several isolates show long distance from their closely related species, and the morphology, physiology, biochemical features, polar lipid composition, 16S rRNA genes and DNA-DNA relatedness of three strains, FS24, 908115 and LY2, were characterized in order to elucidate their taxonomic status. Our results indicate that these strains represent three novel species. The names Citricoccus zhacaiensis sp. nov., Marinobacter donghaiensis sp. nov.and Alcanivorax ningii sp. nov. are proposed.
Most microorganisms in wastewater treating systems can not grow in high saline environment, so when saline wastewater was charged in to wastewater treating system, the treating efficency is usually very low. One solution to this problem is to dilute high saline wastewater to a salt concentration lower than 1%, then the wastewater treating system can work with a high efficency, but this require large quantity of freshwater. Halophilic microorganisms formed particular Adaptation to saline invironments during the process of evolution and show potential in saline wastewater treatment. In this study, strains were isolated from saline environments and applied to wastewater treating systems. High efficency bacteria group was conducted, and the member of this group can not only remove COD of wastewater, but aslo raise the pH of the wastewater. The ability to raise pH value is important for wastewater with low pH, such as the wastewater from production of pickled vegetables.
China has various kinds of high saline environments, and lots of unknown halophilic microorganisms are still waiting for exploration. As halophilic microorganisms are special in physiology, besides the application in wastewater treatment, they might be expected to have enzyme repertoires that are so far unprospected and potentially interesting for biocatalysis and the enzymatic biosynthesis of fine chemicals.
本研究从从新疆阿尔金山自然保护区阿牙克库木湖、浙江沿海盐场和中国东海分离出454株嗜(耐)盐菌。从中挑选了139株进行了16S rRNA基因序列测定和分析,结果表明在三种盐环境下分离的嗜盐微生物类型有很大差异。阿牙克库木湖测序菌株古菌占65%,其中以Halorubrum属菌株最多。盐场测序菌株中古菌仅占31%,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)成员占43%,Halobacillus属成员所占比例最大。海洋样品测序菌株多样性最高,全部为真细菌,其中67.5%属于变形菌门,Marinobacter属的成员在所测菌株中比例最高,其次为Halomonas属。
分离菌株中多株与相近物种具有较远的遗传距离,本研究对分离自榨菜废水反应器的菌株FS24、分离自中国东海的菌株908115和ILY2进行了多相分类学研究,结果表明这三株菌分别代表Citricoccus、Marinobacter和Alcanivorax属下新的分类单元。分别命名为Citricoccus zhacaiensis sp.nov.,Marinobacter donghaiensissp.nov.和Alcanivorax ningii sp.nov.
含盐废水因其高盐特性使一般微生物无法在其中正常生长,对废水生物处理产生毒害作用,使污水处理站对高盐污水的处理效果大幅度降低而无法达到国家排放标准。对废水稀释处理又会造成能源和水资源的浪费,使处理设施庞大、投资增加,运行费用提高。嗜盐微生物生活在高盐环境下,在漫长的地质年代里形成了对盐特殊的适应性。本研究从高盐废水的特点出发,从天然高盐环境中筛选分离适应含盐废水环境的微生物,通过测定菌株对污染物的降解效果和生理生化特性,构建了高效处理榨菜废水的菌群,可高效去除废水中的COD,针对榨菜废水原液低pH的特点,筛选了可提高废水pH的微生物,与高效菌配合使用即可自动调节废水pH,又能迅速降低废水COD。
我国具有丰富的高盐环境资源,海洋国土辽阔,盐场数量众多,盐湖星罗棋布,对高盐环境微生物资源的开发和利用,可提高人们对于高盐生态系统和高盐环境下生命现象的认识,为高盐污染物治理提供材料和科学依据,嗜盐微生物的酶类在工业生产中也具有很好的应用前景。
Halophile is a kind of microorganisms which live in high saline environments, such as salt lakes and the ocean. Their special biological characteristics have a great research and application value, and they have been taken particularly interests in recent years. In this study, we investigated the biodiversity of cultured halophiles from Ayakekum Lake in Xinjiang region, salterns in Zhejiang and the East China Sea. A systematic study had been conducted on the taxonomy of three isolates. We also constructed a high efficiency halophilic bacteria group to treat the saline wastewater.
We isolated 454 halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms from Ayakekum Lake in Xinjiang region, salterns in Zhejiang and the East China Sea and 139 of them have been taken into 16S rDNA study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes of these strains indicated that members in this three kind of saline environments are different. About 65% of the isolates from Ayakekum Lake were halophilic archaea, and members of Halorubrum share the greatest proportion. As for saltern samples, about 43% of the isolates were Firmicutes members, and members of the genus Halobacillus were more than the other groups. Only 31% of isolates were archaea. Isolates from sea water samples showed highest biodiversity. All of the isolates from sea water sample were bacteria, and 67.5% of them belong to Proteobacteria. Number of isolates belong to the genus Marinobacter were the biggest among isolated sea bacteria, followed by the Halomonas species.
Several isolates show long distance from their closely related species, and the morphology, physiology, biochemical features, polar lipid composition, 16S rRNA genes and DNA-DNA relatedness of three strains, FS24, 908115 and LY2, were characterized in order to elucidate their taxonomic status. Our results indicate that these strains represent three novel species. The names Citricoccus zhacaiensis sp. nov., Marinobacter donghaiensis sp. nov.and Alcanivorax ningii sp. nov. are proposed.
Most microorganisms in wastewater treating systems can not grow in high saline environment, so when saline wastewater was charged in to wastewater treating system, the treating efficency is usually very low. One solution to this problem is to dilute high saline wastewater to a salt concentration lower than 1%, then the wastewater treating system can work with a high efficency, but this require large quantity of freshwater. Halophilic microorganisms formed particular Adaptation to saline invironments during the process of evolution and show potential in saline wastewater treatment. In this study, strains were isolated from saline environments and applied to wastewater treating systems. High efficency bacteria group was conducted, and the member of this group can not only remove COD of wastewater, but aslo raise the pH of the wastewater. The ability to raise pH value is important for wastewater with low pH, such as the wastewater from production of pickled vegetables.
China has various kinds of high saline environments, and lots of unknown halophilic microorganisms are still waiting for exploration. As halophilic microorganisms are special in physiology, besides the application in wastewater treatment, they might be expected to have enzyme repertoires that are so far unprospected and potentially interesting for biocatalysis and the enzymatic biosynthesis of fine chemicals.
引文
Altenburger, P., Kampfer, P., Makristathis, A., Lubitz,W. & Busse, H.-J. (1996). Classification of bacteria isolated from a medieval wall painting. J Biotechnol 47,39-52.
Altenburger, P., Kampfer, P., Akimov, V. N., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (1997). Polyamine distribution in actinomycetes with group B peptidoglycan and species of the genera Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Tsukamurella, Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 270-277.
Altenburger, P., Kampfer, P., Schumann, P., Steiner, R., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (2002a). Citricoccus muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52,2095-2100.
Altenburger, P., Kampfer, P., Schumann, P., Vybiral, D., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (2002b). Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 875-881.
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215,403-410.
Antunes, A., Franca, L., Rainey, F. A., Huber, R., Nobre, M. F., Edwards, K. J. & da Costa, M. S. (2007). Marinobacter salsuginis sp. nov., isolated from the brine-seawater interface of the Shaban Deep, Red Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 1035-1040.
Atlas, R.M. (1981). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiol Rev 45, 225-266.
Bartha, R. and R.M. Atlas. (1977). The microbiology of aquatic oil spills. Adv Appl Microbiol 22,225-266.
Benlloch, S., Lopez-Lopez, A., Casamayor, E. O.& other authors (2002). Prokaryotic genetic diversity throughout the salinity gradient of a coastal solar saltern. Environ Microbiol 4, 349-360.
Bruns, A. & Berthe-Corti, L. (1999). Fundibacter jadensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new slightly halophilic bacterium, isolated from intertidal sediment. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49,441-448.
Cappello, S., Denaro, R., Genovese, M., Giuliano, L. & Yakimov, M. M. (2007). Predominant growth of Alcanivorax during experiments on "oil spill bioremediation" in mesocosms. Microbiol Res 162,185-190.
Casamayor, E. O., Massana, R., Benlloch, S., Ovreas, L., Diez, B., Goddard, V. J., Gasol, J. M., Joint, I., Rodriguez-Valera, F. & Pedros-Alio, C. (2002). Changes in archaeal, bacterial and eukaryal assemblages along a salinity gradient by comparison of genetic fingerprinting methods in a multipond solar saltern. Environ Microbiol 4, 338-348.
Cho, J. C. & Giovannoni, S. J. (2003). Parvularcula bermudensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium that forms a deep branch in the Alphaproteobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 1031-1036.
Chun, J., Lee, J.-H., Jung, Y., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, B. K. & Lim, Y. W. (2007). EzTaxon: a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57,2259-2261.
Collins, M. D. (1985). Isoprenoid quinone analysis in classification and identification. In Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 267-287. Edited by M. Goodfellow & D. E. Minnikin. London: Academic Press.
DasSarma S, Arora P. (2002). Halophiles; in Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. London, Nature Publishing Group, vol 8, pp. 458-466.
De Ley, J., Cattoir, H. & Reynaerts, A. (1970). The quantitative measurement of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Eur J Biochem 12,133-142.
Denner, E. B. M., Mcgenity, T. J., Busse, H. J., Grant, W. D., Wanner, G. & Stanlotter, H. (1994). Halococcus Salifodinae Sp-Nov, an Archaeal Isolate from an Austrian Salt Mine, Int J Syst Bacteriol 44, 774-780.
Emerson, D., Chauchan, S., Oriel, P., Breznak, J. A. (1994). Haloferax sp. D1227, a halophilic archaeon capable of growth on aromatic compounds. Arch Microbiol, 161: 445-452.
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783-789.
Fernandez-Martinez, J., Pujalte, M. J., Garcia-Martinez, J., Mata, M., Garay, E. & Rodriguez-Valera, F. (2003). Description of Alcanivorax venustensis sp. nov. and reclassification of Fundibacter jadensis DSM 12178(T) (Bruns and Berthe-Corti 1999) as Alcanivorax jadensis comb. nov., members of the emended genus Alcanivorax. Int J Syst Evol Micr 53,331-338.
Franzmann, P. D., Stackebrandt, E., Sanderson, K., Volkman, J. K., Cameron, D. E., Stevenson, P. L., Mcmeekin, T. A. & Burton, H. R. (1988). Halobacterium Lacusprofundi sp. nov, a Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from Deep Lake, Antarctica. Syst Appl Microbiol 11, 20-27.
Gandbhir, M., Rasched, I., Marliere, P. & Mutzel, R. (1995). Convergent evolution of amino acid usage in archaebacterial and eubacterial lineages adapted to high salt - Reply. Res Microbiol 146, 806-806.
Gauthier, M. J., Lafay, B., Christen, R., Fernandez, L., Acquaviva, M., Bonin, P. & Bertrand, J. C. (1992). Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, extremely halotolerant, hydrocarbondegrading marine bacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42, 568-576.
Goris J, Konstantinidis KT, Klappenbach JA, Coenye T, Vandamme P & Tiedje JM (2007) DNA-DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57:81-91.
Gorshkova, N. M., Ivanova, E. P., Sergeev, A. F., Zhukova, N. V., Alexeeva, Y., Wright, J. P., Nicolau, D. V., Mikhailov, V. V. & Christen, R. (2003). Marinobacter excellens sp. nov., isolated from sediments of the Sea of Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 2073-2078.
Green, D. H., Bowman, J. P., Smith, E. A., Gutierrez, T. & Bolch, C. J. S. (2006). Marinobacter algicola sp. nov., isolated from laboratory cultures of paralytic shellfish toxin-producing dinoflagellates. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 523-527.
Gu, J., Cai, H., Yu, S.-L., Qu, R., Yin, B., Guo, Y.-F., Zhao, J.-Y. & Wu, X.-L. (2007). Marinobacter gudaonensis sp. nov., isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in a Chinese oilfield. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 250-254.
Guo, B., Gu, J., Ye, Y.-G., Tang, Y.-Q., Kida, K. & Wu, X.-L. (2007). Marinobacter segnicrescens sp. nov., a moderate halophile isolated from benthic sediment of the South China Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 1970-1974.
Hans G. Triiper. (1999). How to name a Prokaryote? Etymological considerations, proposals and practical advice in Prokaryote nomenclature. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 23, 231-249.
Hara, A., Syutsubo, K. & Harayama, S. (2003). Alcanivorax which prevails in oil-contaminated seawater exhibits broad substrate specificity for alkane degradation. Environ Microbiol 5, 746-753.
Hara, A., Baik, S., Syutsubo, K., Misawa, N., Smits, T. H. M., van Beilen, J. B. & Harayama, S. (2004). Cloning and functional analysis of alkB genes in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2. Environ Microbiol 6, 191-197.
Hill, T. C. J., Walsh, K. A. & Harris, J., A. (2003). Using ecological diversity measures with bacteria] communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecology 43,1-11.
Hinteregger, C., Streischsberg, F. (1997). Halomonas sp., a moderately halophilic strain, for biotreatment of saline phenolic waste-water. Biotechnol Lett 19,1099-1102.
Huβ, V. A. R., Festl, H. & Schleifer, K. H. (1983). Studies on the spectrophotometric determination of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Syst Appl Microbiol 4, 184-192.
Huo, Y.-Y., Wang C.-S., Yang, J.-Y., Wu, M. & Xu, X.-W. (2008). Marinobacter mobilis sp. nov. and Marinobacter zhejiangensis sp. nov., halophilic bacteria isolated from the East China Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 2885-2889.
Janssen, P. S. L., van Nispen, J. W., Melgers, P. A. T. A., Bogaart, H. W. M., Hamelinck, R. L. A. E., & Goverde, B. C. (1986). HPLC analysis of phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) amino acids I. Evaluation and optimization of the procedure. Chromatographia 22:354-350.
Kalscheuer, R., Stoveken, T., Malkus, U., Reichelt, R., Golyshin, P. N., Sabirova, J. S., Ferrer, M., Timmis, K. N. & Steinbuchel, A. (2007). Analysis of storage livid accumulation in Alcanivorax borkumensis: Evidence for alternative triacylglycerol biosynthesis routes in bacteria. J Bacteriol 189, 918-928.
Kampfer, P., Steiof, M. & Dott, W. (1991). Microbiological characterization of a fuel oil contaminated site including numerical identification of heterotroph water and soil bacteria. Microbiol Ecol 21, 227-251.
Kamekura, M. & Kates, M. (1988). Lipids of halophilic archaebacteria. In Halophilic bacteria II, pp. 25-54. Edited by F. Rodriguez-Valera, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kasai, Y., Kishira, H., Sasaki, T., Syutsubo, K., Watanabe, K. & Harayama, S. (2002). Predominant growth of Alcanivorax strains in oil-contaminated and nutrient-supplemented sea water. Environ Microbiol 4, 141-147.
Kawamoto, I., Oka, T. & Nara, T. (1981). Cell wall composition of Micromonospora olivoasterospora,Micromonospora sagamiensis,and related organisms.J Bacteriol 146,527-534.
Kim,B.-Y.,Weon,H.-Y.,Yoo,S.-H.,Kim,J.-S.,Kwon,S.-W.,Stackebrandt,E.& Go,S..-J.(2006).Marinobacter koreensis sp.nov.,isolated from sea sand in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56,2653-2656.
Kis-Papo,T.and Oren,A.(2000).Halocins:are they important in the competition between different types of halobacteria in saltem ponds? Extremophiles 4,35-41.
Komaratat,P.& Kates,M.(1975).Lipid-Composition of a Halotolerant Species of Staphylococcus-Epidermidis.Biochim Biophys Acta 398,464-484.
Kushner D J.(1985).The halobacteriaceae.In:Sokatch J R,Ornston L N.ed.The Bacteria,a Treatise on Structure and Function,vol Ⅷ.San Diego:Academic Press,171-206.
Kuykendall,L.D.,Roy,M.A.,O'Neill,J.J.& Devine,T.E.(1988).Fatty acids,antibiotic resistance,and deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups of Bradyrhizobium japonicum,Int J Syst Bacteriol 38,358-361.
LeFevre,E.& Round,L.A.(1919).A preliminary report upon some halophilic bacteria.J Bacteriol 4,177-182
Li,W.-J.,Chen,H.-H.,Zhang,Y.-Q.,Kim,C.-J.,Park,D.-J.,Lee,J.-C.,Xu,L.-H.& Jiang,C.-L.(2005).Citricoccus alkalitolerans sp.nov.,a novel actinobacterium isolated from a desert soil in Egypt.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55,87-90.
Liebgott,P.-P.,Casalot,L.,Paillard,S.,Lorquin,J.& Labat,M.(2006).Marinobacter vinifirmus sp,nov.,a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a wine-barrel-decalcification wastewater.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56,2511-2516.
Liu,C.L.& Shao,Z.Z.(2005).Alcanivorax dieselolei sp.nov.,a novel alkane-degrading bacterium isolated from sea water and deep-sea sediment.Int J Syst Evol Micr 55,1181-1186.
Marquez,M.C.& Ventosa,A.(2005).Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus Gauthier et al,1992 and Marinobacter aquaeolei Nguyen et al,1999 are heterotypic synonyms.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55,1349-1351.
Maskow,T.,Kleinsteuber,S.(2004).Carbon and energy fluxes during haloadaptation of Halomonas sp.EF11 growing on phenol.Extremophiles 8,133-141.
Martin, S., Marquez, M, C., Sanchez-Porro, C., Mellodo, E., Arahal, D. R. & Ventosa, A. (2003). Marinobacter lipolyticus sp. nov., a novel moderate halophile with lipolytic activity.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 1383-1387.
Mata, J. A., Martinez-Canovas, J., Quesada, E. & Bejar, V. (2002). A detailed phenotypic characterisation of the type strains of Halomonas species. Syst Appl Microbiol 25,360-375.
Mayr, E. (2001). What evolution is? p. 161-173.York: Basic books, a member of the Perseus books group.
Mesbah, M., Premachandran, U. & Whitman, W. (1989). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Int J Syst Evol Bacteriol 39, 159-167.
Marmur, J. (1961). A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from microorganisms. J Mol Biol 3, 208-218.
Montes, M. J., Bozal, N. & Mercade, E. (2008). Marinobacter guineae sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium from an Antarctic environment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 1346-1349.
Nguyen B. H., Denner, E. B. M., Dang, T. C. H., Wanner, G. & Stan-Lotter, H. (1999).
Marinobacter aquaeolei sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a Vietnamese oil-producing well. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 367-375.
Oren, A. (2002). Diversity of halophilic microorganisms: Environments, phylogeny, physiology, and applications. J Ind Microbiol Biot 28, 56-63.
Oren, A. (1999). The enigma of square and triangular halophilic Archaea. In: Enigmatic Microorganisms and Life in Extreme Environments (Seckbach, J., Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 339-355.
Passeri A, Schmidt M, Haffher T, Wray V, Lang S & Wagner F (1992) Marine Biosurfactants .4. Production, Characterization and Biosynthesis of an Anionic Glucose Lipid from the Marine Bacterial Strain Mm1. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 37: 281-286.
Peyton, B. M., Wilson, T. & Yonge, D. R. (2002). Kinetics of phenol biodegradation in high salt solutions. Water Res 36,4811-4820.
Purdy, K. J., Cresswell-Maynard, T. D, Nedwell, D. B,McGenity, T. J, Grant, W. D, Timmis, K. N & Embley, T. M. (2004). Isolation of haloarchaea that grow at low salinities. Environ Microbiol 6,591-595.
Quesada,E.,Bejar,V.,Valderrama,M.J.& Ramoscormenzana,A.(1987).Growth-Characteristics and Salt Requirement of Deleya-Halophila in a Defined Medium.Curr Microbiol 16,21-25.
Rees,H.C.,Grant,W.D.,Jones,B.E.& Heaphy,S.(2004).Diversity of Kenyan soda lake alkaliphiles assessed by molecular methods.Extremophiles 8,63-71.
Rivas,R.,Garcia-Fraile,P.,Peix,A.,Mateos,P.F.,Martinez-Molina,E.& Velasquez,E.(2007).Alcanivorax balearicus sp.nov.,isolated from Lake Martel.Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,1331-1335.
Roh,S.W.,Quan,Z.-X,Nam,Y.-D.,Chang,H.-W,Kim,K.-H.,Rhee,S.-K.,Oh,H.-M.,Jeon,C.O.,Yoon,J.-H.& Bae,J.-W.(2008).Marinobacter goseongensis sp.nov.,from seawater.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58,2866-2870
Romanenko,L.A.,Schumann,P.,Rohde,M.,Zhukova,N.V.,Mikhailov,V.V.&Stackebrandt,E.(2005).Marinobacter bryozoorum sp.nov.and Marinobacter sediminum sp.nov.,novel bacteria from the marine environment.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55,143-148.
Rossello-Mora,R.& Amann,R.(2001).The species concept for prokaryotes.FEMS Microbiol Rev 25,39-67.
Sabirova,J.S.,Ferrer,M.,Lunsdorf,H.,Wray,V.,Kalscheuer,R.,Steinbuchel,A.,Timmis,K.N.& Golyshin,P.N.(2006).Mutation in a "tesB-like" hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A-specific thioesterase gene causes hyperproduction of extracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates by Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2.J Bacteriol 188,8452-8459.
Schloter,M.,Lebuhn,M.,Heulin,T.& Hartmann,A.(2000).Ecology and evolution of bacterial microdiversity.FEMS Microbiol Rev 24(5):647-660.
Schnelker,S.,dos Santos,V.A.P.M.,Bartels,D.& other authors(2006).Genome sequence of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis.Nat Biotechnol 24,997-1004.
Shieh,W.Y.,Jean,W.D.,Lin,Y.T.& Tseng,M.(2003).Marinobacter lutaoensis sp.nov.,a thermotolerant marine bacterium isolated from a coastal hot spring in Lutao,Taiwan.Can J Microbiol 49,244-252.
Shivaji,S.,Gupta,P.,Chaturvedi,P.,Suresh,K.& Delille,D.(2005).Marinobacter maritimus sp. nov., a psychrotolerant strain isolated from sea water off the subantarctic
Kerguelen islands. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1453-1456.Stackebrandt, E. & Ebers, J. (2006). Taxonomic parameters revisited: tarnished gold standards. Microbiology Today. nov. 152-155.
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24, 1596-1599.
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools, Nucleic Acids Res 25,4876-4882.
Tosca, N. J., Knoll, A. H. & McLennan, S. M. (2008). Water activity and the challenge for life on early Mars. Science 320,1204-1207.
Wayne, L. G., Brenner, D. J., Colwell, R. R., Grimont, P. A. D., Kandler, O.,Krichevsky, M. I., Moore, L. H., Moore, W. E. C., Murray, R. G. E. & other authors (1987).International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37,463-464.
Wu, Y. H., Xu, X. W., Huo, Y. Y., Zhou, P., Zhu, X. F., Zhang, H. B. & Wu, M. (2008). Halomonas caseinilytica sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Int J Syst Evol Micr 58,1259-1262.
Vandamme, P., Pot, B., Gillis, M., DeVos, P., Kersters, K. & Swings, J. (1996). Polyphasic taxonomy, a consensus approach to bacterial systematics. Microbiol Rev 60,407-438.
Vreeland, R. H. (1987). Mechanisms of Halotolerance in Microorganisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 14, 311-356.
Wayne, L. G., Brenner, D. J., Colwell, R. R. & 9 other authors (1987). International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 463-464.
Xin, H., Itoh, T., Zhou, P., Suzuki, K., Kamekura, M. & Nakase, T. (2000). Natrinema versiforme sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from Aibi salt lake, Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1297-1303.
Xu, X. W., Wu, Y. H., Wang, C. S., Oren, A., Zhou, P. J. & Wu, M. (2007a). Haloferax larsenii sp. nov, an extremely halophilic archaeon from a solar saltern. Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,717-720.
Xu,X.W.,Wu,Y.H.,Zhang,H.B.& Wu,M.(2007b).Halorubrum arcis sp.nov.,an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,1069-1072.
Xu,X.W.,Wu,Y.H.,Zhou,Z.,Wang,C.S.,Zhou,Y.G.,Zhang,H.B.,Wang,Y.& Wu,M.(2007c).Halomonas saccharevitans sp.nov.,Halomonas arcis sp.nov and Halomonas subterranea sp.nov.,halophilic bacteria isolated from hypersaline environments of China.Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,1619-1624.
Xu,X.W.,Wu,Y.H.,Wang,C.S.,Yang,J.Y.,Oren,A.& Wu,M.(2008).Marinobacter pelagius sp.nov.,a moderately halophilic bacterium.Int J Syst Evol Micr 58,637-640.
Yakimov,M.M.,Golyshin,P.N.,Lang,S.,Moore,E.R.B.,Abraham,W.R.,Lunsdorf,H.& Timmis,K.N.(1998).Alcanivorax borkumensis gen.nov.,sp.nov,,a new,hydrocarbon-degrading and surfactant-producing marine bacterium.Int J Syst Bacteriol 48,339-348.
Yakimov,M.M.,Timmis,K.N.& Golyshin,P.N.(2007).Obligate oil-degrading marine bacteria.Curr Opin Biotech 18,257-266.
Yoon,J.-H.,Shin,D.-Y.,Kim,I.-G.,Kang,K.H.& Park,Y.-H.(2003).Marinobacter litoralis sp.nov.,a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from sea water from the East Sea in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53,563-568.
Yoon,J.-H.,Yeo,S.-H.,Kim,I.-G.& Oh,T.-K.(2004).Marinobacter flavimaris sp.nov.and Marinobacter daepoensis sp.nov.,slightly halophilic organisms isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54,1799-1803.
Yoon,J.-H.,Lee,M.-H.,Kang,S.-J.& Oh,T.-K.(2007).Marinobacter salicampi sp.nov.,isolated from a marine solar saltern in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57,2102-2105.
Zhang,D.-C.,Li,H.-R.,Xin,Y.-H.,Chi,Z.-M.,Zhou,P.-J.,& Yu Y.(2008).Marinobacter psychrophilus sp.nov.,a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from the Arctic.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58,1463-1466.
ZoBell,C.E.(1941).Studies on marine bacteria.Ⅰ.The cultural requirements of heterotrophic aerobes.J Mar Res 4,42-75.
黄磊,李丹,谢玉娟,马挺,梁凤来,刘如林,李国强.(2007).石油污染海域的微生物群落及 烃的降解.微生物学通报 34,339-342.
沈萍,彭珍荣等译,Lansing,M.P.等编.(2003).微生物学.北京:高等教育出版社.
肖原.(1983).拉丁语基础.北京:商务印书馆.
郑玉喜,张明刚,徐昶,李秉孝.(2002),中国盐湖志.北京:科学出版社.
朱旭芬.(2006).基因工程实验指导,北京:高等教育出版社.
Altenburger, P., Kampfer, P., Akimov, V. N., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (1997). Polyamine distribution in actinomycetes with group B peptidoglycan and species of the genera Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Tsukamurella, Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 270-277.
Altenburger, P., Kampfer, P., Schumann, P., Steiner, R., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (2002a). Citricoccus muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52,2095-2100.
Altenburger, P., Kampfer, P., Schumann, P., Vybiral, D., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (2002b). Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 875-881.
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215,403-410.
Antunes, A., Franca, L., Rainey, F. A., Huber, R., Nobre, M. F., Edwards, K. J. & da Costa, M. S. (2007). Marinobacter salsuginis sp. nov., isolated from the brine-seawater interface of the Shaban Deep, Red Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 1035-1040.
Atlas, R.M. (1981). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiol Rev 45, 225-266.
Bartha, R. and R.M. Atlas. (1977). The microbiology of aquatic oil spills. Adv Appl Microbiol 22,225-266.
Benlloch, S., Lopez-Lopez, A., Casamayor, E. O.& other authors (2002). Prokaryotic genetic diversity throughout the salinity gradient of a coastal solar saltern. Environ Microbiol 4, 349-360.
Bruns, A. & Berthe-Corti, L. (1999). Fundibacter jadensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new slightly halophilic bacterium, isolated from intertidal sediment. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49,441-448.
Cappello, S., Denaro, R., Genovese, M., Giuliano, L. & Yakimov, M. M. (2007). Predominant growth of Alcanivorax during experiments on "oil spill bioremediation" in mesocosms. Microbiol Res 162,185-190.
Casamayor, E. O., Massana, R., Benlloch, S., Ovreas, L., Diez, B., Goddard, V. J., Gasol, J. M., Joint, I., Rodriguez-Valera, F. & Pedros-Alio, C. (2002). Changes in archaeal, bacterial and eukaryal assemblages along a salinity gradient by comparison of genetic fingerprinting methods in a multipond solar saltern. Environ Microbiol 4, 338-348.
Cho, J. C. & Giovannoni, S. J. (2003). Parvularcula bermudensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium that forms a deep branch in the Alphaproteobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 1031-1036.
Chun, J., Lee, J.-H., Jung, Y., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, B. K. & Lim, Y. W. (2007). EzTaxon: a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57,2259-2261.
Collins, M. D. (1985). Isoprenoid quinone analysis in classification and identification. In Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 267-287. Edited by M. Goodfellow & D. E. Minnikin. London: Academic Press.
DasSarma S, Arora P. (2002). Halophiles; in Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. London, Nature Publishing Group, vol 8, pp. 458-466.
De Ley, J., Cattoir, H. & Reynaerts, A. (1970). The quantitative measurement of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Eur J Biochem 12,133-142.
Denner, E. B. M., Mcgenity, T. J., Busse, H. J., Grant, W. D., Wanner, G. & Stanlotter, H. (1994). Halococcus Salifodinae Sp-Nov, an Archaeal Isolate from an Austrian Salt Mine, Int J Syst Bacteriol 44, 774-780.
Emerson, D., Chauchan, S., Oriel, P., Breznak, J. A. (1994). Haloferax sp. D1227, a halophilic archaeon capable of growth on aromatic compounds. Arch Microbiol, 161: 445-452.
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783-789.
Fernandez-Martinez, J., Pujalte, M. J., Garcia-Martinez, J., Mata, M., Garay, E. & Rodriguez-Valera, F. (2003). Description of Alcanivorax venustensis sp. nov. and reclassification of Fundibacter jadensis DSM 12178(T) (Bruns and Berthe-Corti 1999) as Alcanivorax jadensis comb. nov., members of the emended genus Alcanivorax. Int J Syst Evol Micr 53,331-338.
Franzmann, P. D., Stackebrandt, E., Sanderson, K., Volkman, J. K., Cameron, D. E., Stevenson, P. L., Mcmeekin, T. A. & Burton, H. R. (1988). Halobacterium Lacusprofundi sp. nov, a Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from Deep Lake, Antarctica. Syst Appl Microbiol 11, 20-27.
Gandbhir, M., Rasched, I., Marliere, P. & Mutzel, R. (1995). Convergent evolution of amino acid usage in archaebacterial and eubacterial lineages adapted to high salt - Reply. Res Microbiol 146, 806-806.
Gauthier, M. J., Lafay, B., Christen, R., Fernandez, L., Acquaviva, M., Bonin, P. & Bertrand, J. C. (1992). Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, extremely halotolerant, hydrocarbondegrading marine bacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42, 568-576.
Goris J, Konstantinidis KT, Klappenbach JA, Coenye T, Vandamme P & Tiedje JM (2007) DNA-DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57:81-91.
Gorshkova, N. M., Ivanova, E. P., Sergeev, A. F., Zhukova, N. V., Alexeeva, Y., Wright, J. P., Nicolau, D. V., Mikhailov, V. V. & Christen, R. (2003). Marinobacter excellens sp. nov., isolated from sediments of the Sea of Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 2073-2078.
Green, D. H., Bowman, J. P., Smith, E. A., Gutierrez, T. & Bolch, C. J. S. (2006). Marinobacter algicola sp. nov., isolated from laboratory cultures of paralytic shellfish toxin-producing dinoflagellates. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 523-527.
Gu, J., Cai, H., Yu, S.-L., Qu, R., Yin, B., Guo, Y.-F., Zhao, J.-Y. & Wu, X.-L. (2007). Marinobacter gudaonensis sp. nov., isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in a Chinese oilfield. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 250-254.
Guo, B., Gu, J., Ye, Y.-G., Tang, Y.-Q., Kida, K. & Wu, X.-L. (2007). Marinobacter segnicrescens sp. nov., a moderate halophile isolated from benthic sediment of the South China Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 1970-1974.
Hans G. Triiper. (1999). How to name a Prokaryote? Etymological considerations, proposals and practical advice in Prokaryote nomenclature. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 23, 231-249.
Hara, A., Syutsubo, K. & Harayama, S. (2003). Alcanivorax which prevails in oil-contaminated seawater exhibits broad substrate specificity for alkane degradation. Environ Microbiol 5, 746-753.
Hara, A., Baik, S., Syutsubo, K., Misawa, N., Smits, T. H. M., van Beilen, J. B. & Harayama, S. (2004). Cloning and functional analysis of alkB genes in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2. Environ Microbiol 6, 191-197.
Hill, T. C. J., Walsh, K. A. & Harris, J., A. (2003). Using ecological diversity measures with bacteria] communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecology 43,1-11.
Hinteregger, C., Streischsberg, F. (1997). Halomonas sp., a moderately halophilic strain, for biotreatment of saline phenolic waste-water. Biotechnol Lett 19,1099-1102.
Huβ, V. A. R., Festl, H. & Schleifer, K. H. (1983). Studies on the spectrophotometric determination of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Syst Appl Microbiol 4, 184-192.
Huo, Y.-Y., Wang C.-S., Yang, J.-Y., Wu, M. & Xu, X.-W. (2008). Marinobacter mobilis sp. nov. and Marinobacter zhejiangensis sp. nov., halophilic bacteria isolated from the East China Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 2885-2889.
Janssen, P. S. L., van Nispen, J. W., Melgers, P. A. T. A., Bogaart, H. W. M., Hamelinck, R. L. A. E., & Goverde, B. C. (1986). HPLC analysis of phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) amino acids I. Evaluation and optimization of the procedure. Chromatographia 22:354-350.
Kalscheuer, R., Stoveken, T., Malkus, U., Reichelt, R., Golyshin, P. N., Sabirova, J. S., Ferrer, M., Timmis, K. N. & Steinbuchel, A. (2007). Analysis of storage livid accumulation in Alcanivorax borkumensis: Evidence for alternative triacylglycerol biosynthesis routes in bacteria. J Bacteriol 189, 918-928.
Kampfer, P., Steiof, M. & Dott, W. (1991). Microbiological characterization of a fuel oil contaminated site including numerical identification of heterotroph water and soil bacteria. Microbiol Ecol 21, 227-251.
Kamekura, M. & Kates, M. (1988). Lipids of halophilic archaebacteria. In Halophilic bacteria II, pp. 25-54. Edited by F. Rodriguez-Valera, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kasai, Y., Kishira, H., Sasaki, T., Syutsubo, K., Watanabe, K. & Harayama, S. (2002). Predominant growth of Alcanivorax strains in oil-contaminated and nutrient-supplemented sea water. Environ Microbiol 4, 141-147.
Kawamoto, I., Oka, T. & Nara, T. (1981). Cell wall composition of Micromonospora olivoasterospora,Micromonospora sagamiensis,and related organisms.J Bacteriol 146,527-534.
Kim,B.-Y.,Weon,H.-Y.,Yoo,S.-H.,Kim,J.-S.,Kwon,S.-W.,Stackebrandt,E.& Go,S..-J.(2006).Marinobacter koreensis sp.nov.,isolated from sea sand in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56,2653-2656.
Kis-Papo,T.and Oren,A.(2000).Halocins:are they important in the competition between different types of halobacteria in saltem ponds? Extremophiles 4,35-41.
Komaratat,P.& Kates,M.(1975).Lipid-Composition of a Halotolerant Species of Staphylococcus-Epidermidis.Biochim Biophys Acta 398,464-484.
Kushner D J.(1985).The halobacteriaceae.In:Sokatch J R,Ornston L N.ed.The Bacteria,a Treatise on Structure and Function,vol Ⅷ.San Diego:Academic Press,171-206.
Kuykendall,L.D.,Roy,M.A.,O'Neill,J.J.& Devine,T.E.(1988).Fatty acids,antibiotic resistance,and deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups of Bradyrhizobium japonicum,Int J Syst Bacteriol 38,358-361.
LeFevre,E.& Round,L.A.(1919).A preliminary report upon some halophilic bacteria.J Bacteriol 4,177-182
Li,W.-J.,Chen,H.-H.,Zhang,Y.-Q.,Kim,C.-J.,Park,D.-J.,Lee,J.-C.,Xu,L.-H.& Jiang,C.-L.(2005).Citricoccus alkalitolerans sp.nov.,a novel actinobacterium isolated from a desert soil in Egypt.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55,87-90.
Liebgott,P.-P.,Casalot,L.,Paillard,S.,Lorquin,J.& Labat,M.(2006).Marinobacter vinifirmus sp,nov.,a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a wine-barrel-decalcification wastewater.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56,2511-2516.
Liu,C.L.& Shao,Z.Z.(2005).Alcanivorax dieselolei sp.nov.,a novel alkane-degrading bacterium isolated from sea water and deep-sea sediment.Int J Syst Evol Micr 55,1181-1186.
Marquez,M.C.& Ventosa,A.(2005).Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus Gauthier et al,1992 and Marinobacter aquaeolei Nguyen et al,1999 are heterotypic synonyms.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55,1349-1351.
Maskow,T.,Kleinsteuber,S.(2004).Carbon and energy fluxes during haloadaptation of Halomonas sp.EF11 growing on phenol.Extremophiles 8,133-141.
Martin, S., Marquez, M, C., Sanchez-Porro, C., Mellodo, E., Arahal, D. R. & Ventosa, A. (2003). Marinobacter lipolyticus sp. nov., a novel moderate halophile with lipolytic activity.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 1383-1387.
Mata, J. A., Martinez-Canovas, J., Quesada, E. & Bejar, V. (2002). A detailed phenotypic characterisation of the type strains of Halomonas species. Syst Appl Microbiol 25,360-375.
Mayr, E. (2001). What evolution is? p. 161-173.York: Basic books, a member of the Perseus books group.
Mesbah, M., Premachandran, U. & Whitman, W. (1989). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Int J Syst Evol Bacteriol 39, 159-167.
Marmur, J. (1961). A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from microorganisms. J Mol Biol 3, 208-218.
Montes, M. J., Bozal, N. & Mercade, E. (2008). Marinobacter guineae sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium from an Antarctic environment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 1346-1349.
Nguyen B. H., Denner, E. B. M., Dang, T. C. H., Wanner, G. & Stan-Lotter, H. (1999).
Marinobacter aquaeolei sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a Vietnamese oil-producing well. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 367-375.
Oren, A. (2002). Diversity of halophilic microorganisms: Environments, phylogeny, physiology, and applications. J Ind Microbiol Biot 28, 56-63.
Oren, A. (1999). The enigma of square and triangular halophilic Archaea. In: Enigmatic Microorganisms and Life in Extreme Environments (Seckbach, J., Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 339-355.
Passeri A, Schmidt M, Haffher T, Wray V, Lang S & Wagner F (1992) Marine Biosurfactants .4. Production, Characterization and Biosynthesis of an Anionic Glucose Lipid from the Marine Bacterial Strain Mm1. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 37: 281-286.
Peyton, B. M., Wilson, T. & Yonge, D. R. (2002). Kinetics of phenol biodegradation in high salt solutions. Water Res 36,4811-4820.
Purdy, K. J., Cresswell-Maynard, T. D, Nedwell, D. B,McGenity, T. J, Grant, W. D, Timmis, K. N & Embley, T. M. (2004). Isolation of haloarchaea that grow at low salinities. Environ Microbiol 6,591-595.
Quesada,E.,Bejar,V.,Valderrama,M.J.& Ramoscormenzana,A.(1987).Growth-Characteristics and Salt Requirement of Deleya-Halophila in a Defined Medium.Curr Microbiol 16,21-25.
Rees,H.C.,Grant,W.D.,Jones,B.E.& Heaphy,S.(2004).Diversity of Kenyan soda lake alkaliphiles assessed by molecular methods.Extremophiles 8,63-71.
Rivas,R.,Garcia-Fraile,P.,Peix,A.,Mateos,P.F.,Martinez-Molina,E.& Velasquez,E.(2007).Alcanivorax balearicus sp.nov.,isolated from Lake Martel.Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,1331-1335.
Roh,S.W.,Quan,Z.-X,Nam,Y.-D.,Chang,H.-W,Kim,K.-H.,Rhee,S.-K.,Oh,H.-M.,Jeon,C.O.,Yoon,J.-H.& Bae,J.-W.(2008).Marinobacter goseongensis sp.nov.,from seawater.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58,2866-2870
Romanenko,L.A.,Schumann,P.,Rohde,M.,Zhukova,N.V.,Mikhailov,V.V.&Stackebrandt,E.(2005).Marinobacter bryozoorum sp.nov.and Marinobacter sediminum sp.nov.,novel bacteria from the marine environment.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55,143-148.
Rossello-Mora,R.& Amann,R.(2001).The species concept for prokaryotes.FEMS Microbiol Rev 25,39-67.
Sabirova,J.S.,Ferrer,M.,Lunsdorf,H.,Wray,V.,Kalscheuer,R.,Steinbuchel,A.,Timmis,K.N.& Golyshin,P.N.(2006).Mutation in a "tesB-like" hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A-specific thioesterase gene causes hyperproduction of extracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates by Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2.J Bacteriol 188,8452-8459.
Schloter,M.,Lebuhn,M.,Heulin,T.& Hartmann,A.(2000).Ecology and evolution of bacterial microdiversity.FEMS Microbiol Rev 24(5):647-660.
Schnelker,S.,dos Santos,V.A.P.M.,Bartels,D.& other authors(2006).Genome sequence of the ubiquitous hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis.Nat Biotechnol 24,997-1004.
Shieh,W.Y.,Jean,W.D.,Lin,Y.T.& Tseng,M.(2003).Marinobacter lutaoensis sp.nov.,a thermotolerant marine bacterium isolated from a coastal hot spring in Lutao,Taiwan.Can J Microbiol 49,244-252.
Shivaji,S.,Gupta,P.,Chaturvedi,P.,Suresh,K.& Delille,D.(2005).Marinobacter maritimus sp. nov., a psychrotolerant strain isolated from sea water off the subantarctic
Kerguelen islands. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1453-1456.Stackebrandt, E. & Ebers, J. (2006). Taxonomic parameters revisited: tarnished gold standards. Microbiology Today. nov. 152-155.
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24, 1596-1599.
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools, Nucleic Acids Res 25,4876-4882.
Tosca, N. J., Knoll, A. H. & McLennan, S. M. (2008). Water activity and the challenge for life on early Mars. Science 320,1204-1207.
Wayne, L. G., Brenner, D. J., Colwell, R. R., Grimont, P. A. D., Kandler, O.,Krichevsky, M. I., Moore, L. H., Moore, W. E. C., Murray, R. G. E. & other authors (1987).International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37,463-464.
Wu, Y. H., Xu, X. W., Huo, Y. Y., Zhou, P., Zhu, X. F., Zhang, H. B. & Wu, M. (2008). Halomonas caseinilytica sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Int J Syst Evol Micr 58,1259-1262.
Vandamme, P., Pot, B., Gillis, M., DeVos, P., Kersters, K. & Swings, J. (1996). Polyphasic taxonomy, a consensus approach to bacterial systematics. Microbiol Rev 60,407-438.
Vreeland, R. H. (1987). Mechanisms of Halotolerance in Microorganisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 14, 311-356.
Wayne, L. G., Brenner, D. J., Colwell, R. R. & 9 other authors (1987). International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 463-464.
Xin, H., Itoh, T., Zhou, P., Suzuki, K., Kamekura, M. & Nakase, T. (2000). Natrinema versiforme sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from Aibi salt lake, Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1297-1303.
Xu, X. W., Wu, Y. H., Wang, C. S., Oren, A., Zhou, P. J. & Wu, M. (2007a). Haloferax larsenii sp. nov, an extremely halophilic archaeon from a solar saltern. Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,717-720.
Xu,X.W.,Wu,Y.H.,Zhang,H.B.& Wu,M.(2007b).Halorubrum arcis sp.nov.,an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,1069-1072.
Xu,X.W.,Wu,Y.H.,Zhou,Z.,Wang,C.S.,Zhou,Y.G.,Zhang,H.B.,Wang,Y.& Wu,M.(2007c).Halomonas saccharevitans sp.nov.,Halomonas arcis sp.nov and Halomonas subterranea sp.nov.,halophilic bacteria isolated from hypersaline environments of China.Int J Syst Evol Micr 57,1619-1624.
Xu,X.W.,Wu,Y.H.,Wang,C.S.,Yang,J.Y.,Oren,A.& Wu,M.(2008).Marinobacter pelagius sp.nov.,a moderately halophilic bacterium.Int J Syst Evol Micr 58,637-640.
Yakimov,M.M.,Golyshin,P.N.,Lang,S.,Moore,E.R.B.,Abraham,W.R.,Lunsdorf,H.& Timmis,K.N.(1998).Alcanivorax borkumensis gen.nov.,sp.nov,,a new,hydrocarbon-degrading and surfactant-producing marine bacterium.Int J Syst Bacteriol 48,339-348.
Yakimov,M.M.,Timmis,K.N.& Golyshin,P.N.(2007).Obligate oil-degrading marine bacteria.Curr Opin Biotech 18,257-266.
Yoon,J.-H.,Shin,D.-Y.,Kim,I.-G.,Kang,K.H.& Park,Y.-H.(2003).Marinobacter litoralis sp.nov.,a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from sea water from the East Sea in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53,563-568.
Yoon,J.-H.,Yeo,S.-H.,Kim,I.-G.& Oh,T.-K.(2004).Marinobacter flavimaris sp.nov.and Marinobacter daepoensis sp.nov.,slightly halophilic organisms isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54,1799-1803.
Yoon,J.-H.,Lee,M.-H.,Kang,S.-J.& Oh,T.-K.(2007).Marinobacter salicampi sp.nov.,isolated from a marine solar saltern in Korea.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57,2102-2105.
Zhang,D.-C.,Li,H.-R.,Xin,Y.-H.,Chi,Z.-M.,Zhou,P.-J.,& Yu Y.(2008).Marinobacter psychrophilus sp.nov.,a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from the Arctic.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58,1463-1466.
ZoBell,C.E.(1941).Studies on marine bacteria.Ⅰ.The cultural requirements of heterotrophic aerobes.J Mar Res 4,42-75.
黄磊,李丹,谢玉娟,马挺,梁凤来,刘如林,李国强.(2007).石油污染海域的微生物群落及 烃的降解.微生物学通报 34,339-342.
沈萍,彭珍荣等译,Lansing,M.P.等编.(2003).微生物学.北京:高等教育出版社.
肖原.(1983).拉丁语基础.北京:商务印书馆.
郑玉喜,张明刚,徐昶,李秉孝.(2002),中国盐湖志.北京:科学出版社.
朱旭芬.(2006).基因工程实验指导,北京:高等教育出版社.